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PACs also inhibited dose-dependently carrageenin-induced pleurisy in rats. They reduced (A) lung injury, (B) pleural exudate formation, (C) polymorphonuclear cell infiltration, (D) pleural exudate levels of TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2 and CINC-1 but did not affect IL-6 and IL-10 levels. They reduced (E) pleural exudate levels of nitrite\/nitrate (NOx). In indomethacin treated rats, the volume of pleural exudate was low, its content in leukocytes and its contents in TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-6 and IL-10 but not in NOx were reduced. These data suggest that the anti-inflammatory properties of PACs are achieved through a different pattern from those of indomethacin.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>These results suggest that the main mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of PACs mainly lies in an interference with the migration of the leukocytes. Moreover, PACs inhibited <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> nitric oxide release.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2210-4-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,27]],"date-time":"2004-10-27T06:42:49Z","timestamp":1098859369000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Inhibitory effects of proanthocyanidins from Ribes nigrum leaves on carrageenin acute inflammatory reactions induced in rats"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Nancy","family":"Garbacki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monique","family":"Tits","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luc","family":"Angenot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Damas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,10,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"75_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"A134","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2006-960433","volume":"57","author":"M Tits","year":"1991","unstructured":"Tits M, Angenot L, Damas J, Dierckxsens Y, Poukens P: Anti-inflammatory prodelphinidins from blackcurrant (Ribes nigrum) leaves [abstract]. 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