{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T02:06:26Z","timestamp":1792807586868,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]],"date-time":"2013-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1380153600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Anesthesiol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]],"date-time":"2013-09-26T15:09:39Z","timestamp":1380208179000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":43,"title":["The aPC treatment improves microcirculation in severe sepsis\/septic shock syndrome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Abele","family":"Donati","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elisa","family":"Damiani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Botticelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Erica","family":"Adrario","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Rita","family":"Lombrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Roberta","family":"Domizi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Benedetto","family":"Marini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jurgen WGE","family":"Van Teeffelen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Carletti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Massimo","family":"Girardis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Pelaia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Ince","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"175_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1303","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002","volume":"29","author":"DC Angus","year":"2001","unstructured":"Angus DC, Linde-Zwirble WT, Lidicker J, Clermont G, Carcillo J, Pinsky MR: Epidemiology of severe sepsis in the United States: analysis of incidence, outcome, and associated costs of care. Crit Care Med. 2001, 29: 1303-1310. 10.1097\/00003246-200107000-00002.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"175_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3753","volume":"9","author":"C Ince","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ince C: The microcirculation is the motor of sepsis. Crit Care. 2005, 9 (Suppl 4): 13-19. 10.1186\/cc3753.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"699","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200103083441001","volume":"344","author":"GR Bernard","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bernard GR, Vincent JL, Laterre PF, LaRosa SP, Dhainaut JF, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Steingrub JS, Garber GE, Helterbrand JD, Ely EW, Fisher CJ: Efficacy and safety of recombinant human activated protein C for severe sepsis. N Engl J Med. 2001, 344: 699-709. 10.1056\/NEJM200103083441001.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"175_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2055","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1202290","volume":"366","author":"VM Ranieri","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ranieri VM, Thompson BT, Barie PS, Dhainaut JF, Douglas IS, Finfer S, Gardlund B, Marshall JC, Rhodes A, Artigas A, Payen D, Tenhunen J, Al-Khalidi HR, Thompson V, Janes J, Macias WL, Vangerow B, Williams MD, PROWESS-SHOCK Study Group: Drotrecogin alfa (activated) in adults with septic shock. N Engl J Med. 2012, 366: 2055-2064. 10.1056\/NEJMoa1202290.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"175_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31823e9f45","volume":"40","author":"B Casserly","year":"2012","unstructured":"Casserly B, Gerlach H, Phillips GS, Marshall JC, Lemeshow S, Levy MM: Evaluating the use of recombinant human activated protein C in adult severe sepsis: results of the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Crit Care Med. 2012, 40: 1417-1426. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31823e9f45.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70157-3","volume":"12","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kalil AC, LaRosa SP: Effectiveness and safety of drotrecogin alfa (activated) for severe sepsis: a meta-analysis and metaregression. Lancet Infect Dis. 2012, 12: 678-686. 10.1016\/S1473-3099(12)70157-3.","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"175_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2974","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31825fd6d9","volume":"40","author":"E Rimmer","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rimmer E, Kumar A, Doucette S, Marshall J, Dial S, Gurka D, Dellinger RP, Sharma S, Penner C, Kramer A, Wood K, Ronald J, Kumar A, Turgeon AF, Houston DS, Zarychanski R, Cooperative Antimicrobial Therapy of Septic Shock Database Research Group: Activated protein C and septic shock: a propensity-matched cohort study. Crit Care Med. 2012, 40: 2974-2981. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31825fd6d9.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0005-2744(79)90103-7","volume":"571","author":"FJ Walker","year":"1979","unstructured":"Walker FJ, Sexton PW, Esmon CT: The inhibition of blood coagulation by activated protein C through the selective inactivation of activated factor V. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1979, 571: 333-342. 10.1016\/0005-2744(79)90103-7.","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta"},{"key":"175_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C833","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00003.2010","volume":"300","author":"C Guitton","year":"2011","unstructured":"Guitton C, Cottereau A, G\u00e9rard N, Quillard T, Chauveau A, Devalli\u00e8re J, Tonnerre P, Charreau B: Protective cross talk between activated protein C and TNF signaling in vascular endothelial cells: implication of EPCR, non canonical NF-kB, and ERK1\/2 kinases. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2011, 300: C833-C842. 10.1152\/ajpcell.00003.2010.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"175_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e31814544c2","volume":"29","author":"S Bartolome","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bartolome S, Wood JG, Casillan AJ, Simpson SQ, O'Brien-Ladner AR: Activated protein C attenuates microvascular injury during systemic hypoxia. Shock. 2008, 29: 384-387.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"175_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000153415.04995.88","volume":"33","author":"T Iba","year":"2005","unstructured":"Iba T, Kidokoro A, Fukunaga M, Nagakari K, Shirahama A, Ida Y: Activated protein C improves the visceral microcirculation by attenuating the leukocyte-endothelial interaction in a rat lipopolysaccharide model. Crit Care Med. 2005, 33: 368-372. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000153415.04995.88.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1161\/hc3501.093799","volume":"104","author":"H Isobe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Isobe H, Okajima K, Uchiba M, Mizutani A, Harada N, Nagasaki A, Okabe K: Activated protein C prevents endotoxin-induced hypotension in rats by inhibiting excessive production of nitric oxide. Circulation. 2001, 104: 1171-1175. 10.1161\/hc3501.093799.","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"175_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0b013e318157e926","volume":"29","author":"X Marechal","year":"2008","unstructured":"Marechal X, Favory R, Joulin O, Montaigne D, Hassoun S, Decoster B, Zerimech F, Neviere R: Endothelial glycocalyx damage during endotoxemia coincides with microcirculatory dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress. Shock. 2008, 29: 572-576.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"175_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R157","DOI":"10.1186\/cc5093","volume":"10","author":"C Lehmann","year":"2006","unstructured":"Lehmann C, Meissner K, Kn\u00f6ck A, Diedrich S, Pavlovic D, Gr\u00fcndling M, Usichenko T, Wendt M, Birnbaum J: Activated protein C improves intestinal microcirculation in experimental endotoxaemia in the rat. Crit Care. 2006, 10: R157-10.1186\/cc5093.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03016089","volume":"55","author":"C Lehmann","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lehmann C, Scheibe R, Schade M, Meissner K, Gr\u00fcndling M, Usichenko T, Wendt M, Hung O, Whynot S, Murphy M, Pavlovic D: Effects of activated protein C on the mesenteric microcirculation and cytokine release during experimental endotoxemia. Can J Anaesth. 2008, 55: 155-162. 10.1007\/BF03016089.","journal-title":"Can J Anaesth"},{"key":"175_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2009.04.029","volume":"80","author":"P Teschendorf","year":"2009","unstructured":"Teschendorf P, Padosch SA, Del Valle Y, Fuentes D, Peter C, Fuchs A, Popp E, Sp\u00f6hr F, B\u00f6ttiger BW, Walther A: Effects of activated protein C on post cardiac arrest microcirculation: an in vivo microscopy study. Resuscitation. 2009, 80: 940-945. 10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2009.04.029.","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"key":"175_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R217","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9342","volume":"14","author":"MO Maybauer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Maybauer MO, Maybauer DM, Fraser JF, Szabo C, Westphal M, Kiss L, Horvath EM, Nakano Y, Herndon DN, Traber LD, Traber DL: Recombinant human activated protein C attenuates cardiovascular and microcirculatory dysfunction in acute lung injury and septic shock. Crit Care. 2010, 14: R217-10.1186\/cc9342.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1918","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000220498.48773.3C","volume":"34","author":"D De Backer","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Backer D, Verdant C, Chierego M, Koch M, Gullo A, Vincent JL: Effects of drotrecogin alfa activated on microcirculatory alterations in patients with severe sepsis. Crit Care Med. 2006, 34: 1918-1924. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000220498.48773.3C.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009","volume":"13","author":"WA Knaus","year":"1985","unstructured":"Knaus WA, Draper EA, Wagner DP, Zimmerman JE: APACHE II: a severity of disease classification system. Crit Care Med. 1985, 13: 818-829. 10.1097\/00003246-198510000-00009.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01709751","volume":"22","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1996","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Moreno J, Takala J, Willatts S, De Mendonca A, Bruining H, Reinhart CK, Suter PM, Thijs LG: The SOFA (Sepsis-related Organ Failure Assessment) score to describe organ dysfunction\/failure. Intensive Care Med. 1996, 22: 707-710. 10.1007\/BF01709751.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15101","DOI":"10.1364\/OE.15.015101","volume":"15","author":"PT Goedhart","year":"2007","unstructured":"Goedhart PT, Khalilzada M, Bezemer R, Merza J, Ince C: Sidestream Dark Field (SDF) imaging: a novel stroboscopic LED ring-based imaging modality for clinical assessment of the microcirculation. Opt Express. 2007, 15: 15101-15114. 10.1364\/OE.15.015101.","journal-title":"Opt Express"},{"key":"175_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R101","DOI":"10.1186\/cc6118","volume":"11","author":"D De Backer","year":"2007","unstructured":"De Backer D, Hollenberg S, Boerma C, Goedhart P, B\u00fcchele G, Ospina-Tascon G, Dobbe I, Ince C: How to evaluate the microcirculation: report of a round table conference. Crit Care. 2007, 11: R101-10.1186\/cc6118.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R601","DOI":"10.1186\/cc3809","volume":"9","author":"EC Boerma","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boerma EC, Mathura KR, van der Voort PH, Spronk PE, Ince C: Quantifying bedside-derived imaging of microcirculatory abnormalities in septic patients: a prospective validation study. Crit Care. 2005, 9: R601-R606. 10.1186\/cc3809.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H156","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2002.282.1.H156","volume":"282","author":"CG Ellis","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ellis CG, Bateman RM, Sharpe MD, Sibbald WJ, Gill R: Effect of a maldistribution of microvascular blood flow on capillary O2 extraction in sepsis. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol. 2002, 282: H156-H164.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol"},{"key":"175_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1900","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2011121181","volume":"23","author":"CA Vlahu","year":"2012","unstructured":"Vlahu CA, Lemkes BA, Struijk DG, Koopman MG, Krediet RT, Vink H: Damage of the endothelial glycocalyx in dialysis patients. J Am Soc Nephrol. 2012, 23: 1900-1908. 10.1681\/ASN.2011121181.","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"175_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1186\/cc12752","volume":"17","author":"AC Kalil","year":"2013","unstructured":"Kalil AC, Florescu DF: Severe sepsis: are PROWESS and PROWESS-SHOCK trials comparable? A clinical and statistical heterogeneity analysis. Crit Care. 2013, 17: 167-10.1186\/cc12752.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"175_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8010","volume":"13","author":"A Donati","year":"2009","unstructured":"Donati A, Romanelli M, Botticelli L, Valentini A, Gabbanelli V, Nataloni S, Principi T, Pelaia P, Bezemer R, Ince C: Recombinant activated protein C treatment improves tissue perfusion and oxygenation in septic patients measured by near-infrared spectroscopy. Crit Care. 2009, 13 (Suppl 5): S12-10.1186\/cc8010.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"175_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1825","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000138558.16257.3F","volume":"32","author":"Y Sakr","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sakr Y, Dubois MJ, De Backer D, Creuter J, Vincent JL: Persistent microcirculatory alterations are associated with organ failure and death in patients with septic shock. Crit Care Med. 2004, 32: 1825-1831. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000138558.16257.3F.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"175_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.08.021","volume":"49","author":"S Trzeciak","year":"2007","unstructured":"Trzeciak S, Dellinger RP, Parrillo JE, Guglielmi M, Bajaj J, Abate NL, Arnold RC, Colilla S, Zanotti S, Hollemberg SM, Microcirculatory Alterations in Resuscitation and Shock Investigators: Early microcirculatory perfusion derangements in patients with severe sepsis and septic shock: relationship to hemodynamics, oxygen transport and survival. Ann Emerg Med. 2007, 49: 88-98. 10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2006.08.021.","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"175_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08020.x","volume":"148","author":"PP Sarangi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sarangi PP, Lee HW, Kim M: Activated protein C action in inflammation. Br J Haematol. 2010, 148: 817-833. 10.1111\/j.1365-2141.2009.08020.x.","journal-title":"Br J Haematol"},{"key":"175_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1880","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1071699","volume":"296","author":"M Riewald","year":"2002","unstructured":"Riewald M, Petrovan RJ, Donner A, Mueller BM, Ruf W: Activation of endothelial cell protease active receptor 1 by the protein C pathway. Science. 2002, 296: 1880-1882. 10.1126\/science.1071699.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"175_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11199","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.C100017200","volume":"276","author":"DE Joyce","year":"2001","unstructured":"Joyce DE, Gelbert L, Ciaccia A, De Hoff B, Grinnell BW: Gene expression profile of antithrombotic protein C defines new mechanism modulating inflammation and apoptosis. J Biol Chem. 2001, 276: 11199-11203. 10.1074\/jbc.C100017200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"}],"container-title":["BMC Anesthesiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,3,6]],"date-time":"2022-03-06T23:16:43Z","timestamp":1646608603000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcanesthesiol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["175"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2253-13-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2253"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2253","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,9,26]]},"article-number":"25"}}