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The objective was to compare the characteristics and outcome of cardiac asthma with that of classical congestive heart failure (CHF) in elderly patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prospective study in an 1,800-bed teaching hospital.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Two hundred and twelve consecutive patients aged \u2265 65 years presenting with dyspnea due to CHF (mean age of 82 \u00b1 8 years) were included. Findings of cardiac echocardiography and natriuretic peptides levels were used to confirm CHF. Cardiac asthma patients were defined as a patient with CHF and wheezing reported by attending physician upon admission to the emergency department. The CHF group (n = 137) and the cardiac asthma group (n = 75), differed for tobacco use (34% vs. 59%, p &lt; 0.05), history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (16% vs. 47%, p &lt; 0.05), peripheral arterial disease (10% vs. 24%, p &lt; 0.05). Patients with cardiac asthma had a significantly lower pH (7.38 \u00b1 0.08 vs. 7.43 \u00b1 0.06, p &lt; 0.05), and a higher PaCO<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>(47 \u00b1 15 vs. 41 \u00b1 11 mmHg, p &lt; 0.05) at admission. In the cardiac asthma group, patients had greater distal airway obstruction: forced expiratory volume in 1 second of 1.09 vs. 1.33 Liter (p &lt; 0.05), and a forced expiratory flow at 25% to 75% of vital capacity of 0.76 vs. 0.99 Liter (p &lt; 0.05). The in-hospital (23% vs. 19%) and one year mortality (48% vs. 43%) rates were similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients with cardiac asthma represented one third of CHF in elderly patients. They were more hypercapnic and experienced more distal airway obstruction. However, outcomes were similar.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-7-16","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,15]],"date-time":"2007-05-15T06:13:26Z","timestamp":1179209606000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":46,"title":["Cardiac asthma in elderly patients: incidence, clinical presentation and outcome"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"St\u00e9phane","family":"Jorge","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie-H\u00e9l\u00e8ne","family":"Becquemin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samuel","family":"Delerme","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Bennaceur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Richard","family":"Isnard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rony","family":"Achkar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Riou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Boddaert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patrick","family":"Ray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,5,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"16_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"M88","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/56.2.M88","volume":"56","author":"MW Rich","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rich MW: Heart failure in the 21st century: a cardiogeriatric syndrome. 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