{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T17:31:03Z","timestamp":1791221463989,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1375747200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Res Methodol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whereas the prognosis of second kidney transplant recipients (STR) compared to the first ones has been frequently analyzed, no study has addressed the issue of comparing the risk factor effects on graft failure between both groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Here, we propose two alternative strategies to study the heterogeneity of risk factors between two groups of patients:<jats:italic>(i)<\/jats:italic>\u2009a multiplicative-regression model for relative survival (MRS) and<jats:italic>(ii)<\/jats:italic>\u2009a stratified Cox model (SCM) specifying the graft rank as strata and assuming subvectors of the explicatives variables. These developments were motivated by the analysis of factors associated with time to graft failure (return-to-dialysis or patient death) in second kidney transplant recipients (STR) compared to the first ones. Estimation of the parameters was based on partial likelihood maximization. Monte-Carlo simulations associated with bootstrap re-sampling was performed to calculate the standard deviations for the MRS.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We demonstrate, for the first time in renal transplantation, that:<jats:italic>(i)<\/jats:italic>\u2009male donor gender is a specific risk factor for STR,<jats:italic>(ii)<\/jats:italic>\u2009the adverse effect of recipient age is enhanced for STR and<jats:italic>(iii)<\/jats:italic>\u2009the graft failure risk related to donor age is attenuated for STR.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>While the traditional Cox model did not provide original results based on the renal transplantation literature, the proposed relative and stratified models revealed new findings that are useful for clinicians. These methodologies may be of interest in other medical fields when the principal objective is the comparison of risk factors between two populations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-102","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]],"date-time":"2013-08-06T00:15:23Z","timestamp":1375748123000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Comparison of the risk factors effects between two populations: two alternative approaches illustrated by the analysis of first and second kidney transplant recipients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Katy","family":"Tr\u00e9bern-Launay","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Magali","family":"Giral","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacques","family":"Dantal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yohann","family":"Foucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"979_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1097\/00007890-199812270-00014","volume":"66","author":"A Ojo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ojo A, Wolfe R, Agodoa L, Held P, Port F, Leavey S, Callard S, Dickinson D, Schmouder R, Leichtman A: Prognosis after primary renal transplant failure and the beneficial effects of repeat transplantation: multivariate analyses from the United States Renal data system. 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