{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T22:50:43Z","timestamp":1793832643861,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1371772800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Res Methodol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]],"date-time":"2013-06-21T08:15:35Z","timestamp":1371802535000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Using imputed pre-treatment cholesterol in a propensity score model to reduce confounding by indication: results from the multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Neal W","family":"Jorgensen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christopher T","family":"Sibley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Robyn L","family":"McClelland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"reference":[{"issue":"6","key":"954_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.10.002","volume":"4","author":"JG Robinson","year":"2010","unstructured":"Robinson JG, Booth B: Statin use and lipid levels in older adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001 to 2006. J Clin Lipidol. 2010, 4 (6): 483-490. 10.1016\/j.jacl.2010.10.002. Nov-Dec Epub 2010 Oct 13","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"954_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"915","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwg231","volume":"158","author":"WA Ray","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ray WA: Evaluating medication effects outside of clinical trials: new-user designs. Am J Epidemiol. 2003, 158: 915-920. 10.1093\/aje\/kwg231.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"954_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.07.004","volume":"59","author":"T St\u00fcrmer","year":"2006","unstructured":"St\u00fcrmer T, Joshi M, Glynn RJ, Avorn J, Rothman KJ, Schneeweiss S: A review of the application of propensity score methods yielded increasing use, advantages in specific settings, but not substantially different estimates compared with conventional multivariable methods. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006, 59 (5): 437-447.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"954_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41","volume":"70","author":"PR Rosenbaum","year":"1983","unstructured":"Rosenbaum PR, Rubin DB: The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects. Biometrika. 1983, 70: 41-55. 10.1093\/biomet\/70.1.41.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"954_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.08.057","volume":"92","author":"JD Seeger","year":"2003","unstructured":"Seeger JD, Walker AM, Williams PL, Saperia GM, Sacks FM: A propensity score-matched cohort study of the effect of statins, mainly fluvastatin, on the occurrence of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 2003, 92: 1447-1451. 10.1016\/j.amjcard.2003.08.057.","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"954_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5039","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.3341","volume":"27","author":"RL McClelland","year":"2008","unstructured":"McClelland RL, Kronmal RA, Haessler J, Blumenthal R, Goff DC: Estimation of risk factor associations when the response is influenced by medication use: an imputation approach. Stat Med. 2008, 27: 5039-5053. 10.1002\/sim.3341.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"key":"954_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwf113","volume":"156","author":"DE Bild","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bild DE, Bluemke DA, Burke GL, Detrano R, Diez Roux AV, Folsom AR, Greenland P, Jacobs DR, Kronmal R, Liu K, Clark Nelson J, O'Leary D, Saad MF, Shea S, Szklo M, Tracy RP: Multi-ethnic study of atherosclerosis: objectives and design. Am J Epidemiol. 2002, 156: 871-881. 10.1093\/aje\/kwf11.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"954_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/18.6.499","volume":"18","author":"WT Friedewald","year":"1972","unstructured":"Friedewald WT, Levy RI, Fredrickson DS: Estimation of the concentration of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol in plasma, without use of the preparative ultracentrifuge. Clin Chem. 1972, 18: 499-502.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"954_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<681::AID-SIM71>3.0.CO;2-R","volume":"18","author":"S Van Buuren","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Buuren S, Boshuizen HC, Knook DL: Multiple imputation of missing blood pressure covariates in survival analysis. Stat Med. 1999, 18: 681-694. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19990330)18:6<681::AID-SIM71>3.0.CO;2-R.","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"954_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0400400301","volume":"4","author":"P Royston","year":"2004","unstructured":"Royston P: Multiple imputation of missing values. Stata J. 2004, 4 (3): 227-241.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"issue":"4","key":"954_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0500500404","volume":"5","author":"P Royston","year":"2005","unstructured":"Royston P: Multiple imputation of missing values: update of ice. Stata J. 2005, 5 (4): 527-536.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"954_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470316696","volume-title":"Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1987","unstructured":"Rubin DB: Multiple Imputation for Nonresponse in Surveys. 1987, New York: Wiley"},{"key":"954_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581","volume":"63","author":"DB Rubin","year":"1976","unstructured":"Rubin DB: Inference and missing data (with discussion). Biometrika. 1976, 63: 581-592. 10.1093\/biomet\/63.3.581.","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"issue":"4","key":"954_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327906mbr3304_5","volume":"33","author":"JL Schafer","year":"1998","unstructured":"Schafer JL, Olsen MK: Multiple imputation for multivariate missing-data problems: a data analyst's perspective. Multivar Behav Res. 1998, 33 (4): 545-571. 10.1207\/s15327906mbr3304_5.","journal-title":"Multivar Behav Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"954_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"578","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","volume":"60","author":"MA Herna\u00b4n","year":"2006","unstructured":"Herna\u00b4n MA, Robins JM: Estimating causal effects from epidemiological data. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2006, 60 (7): 578-586. 10.1136\/jech.2004.029496. 10.1136\/jech.2004.029496","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"key":"954_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","volume":"168","author":"SR Cole","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cole SR, Herna\u00b4n MA: Constructing inverse probability weights for marginal structural models. Am J Epidemiol. 2008, 168: 656-664. 10.1093\/aje\/kwn164. 10.1093\/aje\/kwn164","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"954_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00671.x","volume":"13","author":"S Xu","year":"2010","unstructured":"Xu S, Ross C, Raebel MA, Shetterly S, Blanchette C, Smith D: Use of stabilized inverse propensity scores as weights to directly estimate relative risk and its confidence intervals. Value Health. 2010, 13 (2): 273-277. 10.1111\/j.1524-4733.2009.00671.x.","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"954_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1037\/a0019623","volume":"15","author":"VS Harder","year":"2010","unstructured":"Harder VS, Stuart EA, Anthony J: Propensity score techniques and the assessment of measured covariate balance to test Causal Associations in Psychological Research. Psychol Meth. 2010, 15 (3): 234-249. PMCID NIHMS 192966","journal-title":"Psychol Meth"},{"key":"954_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2003.02060.x","volume":"57","author":"BM Cheung","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cheung BM, Lauder IJ, Lau CP, Kumana CR: Meta-analysis of large randomized controlled trials to evaluate the impact of statins on cardiovascular outcomes. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2004, 57: 640-651. 10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2003.02060.x.","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"954_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2307","volume":"166","author":"P Thavendiranathan","year":"2006","unstructured":"Thavendiranathan P, Bagai A, Brookhart MA, Choudhry NK: Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases with statin therapy: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2006, 166: 2307-2313. 10.1001\/archinte.166.21.2307.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"954_CR21","volume-title":"Lancet","author":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators","year":"2012","unstructured":"Cholesterol Treatment Trialists' (CTT) Collaborators: The effects of lowering LDL cholesterol with statin therapy in people at low risk of vascular disease: meta-analysis of individual data from 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2012, 10.1016\/S0140- 6736(12)60367-5."},{"issue":"6","key":"954_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"572","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.067","volume":"59","author":"WJ Kostis","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kostis WJ, Cheng JQ, Dobrzynski JM, Cabrera J, Kostis JB: Meta-analysis of statin effects in women versus men. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2012, 59 (6): 572-582. 10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.09.067.","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"954_CR23","volume-title":"Stata 11 Survival Analysis and Epidemiological Tables Reference Manual","author":"StataCorp","year":"2009","unstructured":"StataCorp: Stata 11 Survival Analysis and Epidemiological Tables Reference Manual. 2009, College Station, TX: Stata Press"},{"key":"954_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199207000-00007","volume":"3","author":"JM Robins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Robins JM, Blevins D, Ritter G, Wulfsohn M: G-estimation of the effect of prophylaxis therapy for Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia on the survival of AIDS patients. Epidemiology. 1992, 3: 319-336. 10.1097\/00001648-199207000-00007.","journal-title":"Epidemiology"},{"issue":"4","key":"954_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"390","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009658","volume":"148","author":"JC Witteman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Witteman JC, D\u2019Agostino RB, Stijnen T, Kannel W, Cobb JC, de Ridder MA: G-estimation of causal effects: isolated systolic hypertension and cardiovascular death in the Framingham Heart Study. Am J Epidemiol. 1998, 148 (4): 390-401. 10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a009658.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Research Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,7,28]],"date-time":"2020-07-28T22:11:45Z","timestamp":1595974305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["954"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-13-81","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,6,21]]},"article-number":"81"}}