{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T18:25:33Z","timestamp":1792002333868,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]],"date-time":"2007-06-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1182470400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Res Methodol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]],"date-time":"2007-06-22T20:00:10Z","timestamp":1182542410000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":58,"title":["Do intrauterine or genetic influences explain the foetal origins of chronic disease? A novel experimental method for disentangling effects"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Anita","family":"Thapar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Harold","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frances","family":"Rice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"XiaoJia","family":"Ge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacky","family":"Boivin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dale","family":"Hay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marianne","family":"van den Bree","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Allyson","family":"Lewis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"208_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1057264","volume":"291","author":"P McGuffin","year":"2001","unstructured":"McGuffin P, Riley B, Plomin R: Genomics and behavior. Toward behavioral genomics. Science. 2001, 291: 1232-49. 10.1126\/science.1057264.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"208_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2296","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.18.2296","volume":"286","author":"G Subramanian","year":"2001","unstructured":"Subramanian G, Adams MD, Venter JC, Broder S: Implications of the human genome for understanding human biology and medicine. JAMA. 2001, 286: 2296-307. 10.1001\/jama.286.18.2296.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"208_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1037\/0033-2909.127.3.291","volume":"127","author":"M Rutter","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rutter M, Pickles A, Murray R, Eaves L: Testing hypotheses on specific environmental causal effects on behavior. Psychol Bull. 2001, 127: 291-324. 10.1037\/0033-2909.127.3.291.","journal-title":"Psychol Bull"},{"key":"208_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1498","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07492-2","volume":"349","author":"CJL Murray","year":"1997","unstructured":"Murray CJL, Lopez AD: Alternative projections of mortality and disability by cause 1990\u20132020: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997, 349: 1498-504. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07492-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"208_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.311.7002.437","volume":"311","author":"AM Prentice","year":"1995","unstructured":"Prentice AM, Jebb SA: Obesity in Britain \u2013 Gluttony or Sloth. BMJ. 1995, 311: 437-39.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"208_CR6","volume-title":"Genes and behavior: Nature-nurture interplay explained","author":"M Rutter","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rutter M: Genes and behavior: Nature-nurture interplay explained. 2006, Blackwell: Oxford"},{"key":"208_CR7","volume-title":"Genes, behavior and the social environment: moving beyond the nature nurture debate","author":"Institute of Medicine Board on Health Sciences Policy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Institute of Medicine Board on Health Sciences Policy: Genes, behavior and the social environment: moving beyond the nature nurture debate. 2006, The National Academies Press:Washington DC, [ http:\/\/www.nap.edu ]"},{"key":"208_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Prakash P, Merali Z, Kolajova M, Tannenbaum BM, Anisman H: Maternal factors and monoamine changes in stress-resilient and susceptiblemice: cross-fostering effects. Brain Res. 1111 (1): 122-33. 10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.06.089. 2006 Sep 21;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainres.2006.06.089"},{"issue":"10","key":"208_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00999-3","volume":"16","author":"I Gouldsborough","year":"2003","unstructured":"Gouldsborough I, Lindop GB, Ashton N: Renal renin-angiotensin system activity in naturally reared and cross-fostered spontaneously hypertensive rats. Am J Hypertens. 2003, 16 (10): 864-9. 10.1016\/S0895-7061(03)00999-3.","journal-title":"Am J Hypertens"},{"key":"208_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Schiff M, Duyme M, Dumaret A, Stewart J, Tomkiewicz S, Feingold J: Intellectual status of working-class children adopted early into upper-middle-class families. Science. 200 (4349): 1503-4. 10.1126\/science.663634. 1978 Jun 30;","DOI":"10.1126\/science.663634"},{"key":"208_CR11","first-page":"301","volume-title":"Evidence for gene-environment interaction in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior","author":"RJ Cadoret","year":"1983","unstructured":"Cadoret RJ, Cain CA, Crowe RR: Evidence for gene-environment interaction in the development of adolescent antisocial behavior. 1983, 13 (3): 301-310."},{"key":"208_CR12","volume-title":"Mothers, babies and health in later life","author":"D Barker","year":"1998","unstructured":"Barker D: Mothers, babies and health in later life. 1998, London: Churchill Livingstone"},{"key":"208_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1314.006","volume":"1032","author":"JR Seckl","year":"2004","unstructured":"Seckl JR, Meaney CJL: Glucocorticoid programming. Ann N Y Academic Sci. 2004, 1032: 63-84. 10.1196\/annals.1314.006.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Academic Sci"},{"key":"208_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.184.1.28","volume":"184","author":"CR Gale","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gale CR, Martyn CN: Birth weight and later risk of depression in a national birth cohort. B J Psychiatry. 2004, 184: 28-33. 10.1192\/bjp.184.1.28.","journal-title":"B J Psychiatry"},{"key":"208_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.288.6.728","volume":"288","author":"AT Bhutta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhutta AT, Cleves MA, Casey PH, Cradock MM, Anand KJS: Cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born preterm: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2002, 288: 728-37. 10.1001\/jama.288.6.728.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"208_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.621","volume":"294","author":"R Neugebauer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Neugebauer R: Accumulating Evidence for Prenatal Nutritional Origins of Mental Disorders. JAMA. 2005, 294: 621-23. 10.1001\/jama.294.5.621.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"208_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.389","volume":"180","author":"V Glover","year":"2002","unstructured":"Glover V, O'Connor TG: Effects of antenatal stress and anxiety:Implications for development and psychiatry. B J Psychiatry. 2002, 180: 389-91. 10.1192\/bjp.180.5.389.","journal-title":"B J Psychiatry"},{"key":"208_CR18","first-page":"359","volume":"57","author":"K Langley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Langley K, Rice F, van den Bree MB, Thapar A: Maternal smoking during pregnancy as an environmental risk factor for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder behaviour: A review. Minerva Pediatrica. 2005, 57: 359-71.","journal-title":"Minerva Pediatrica"},{"key":"208_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1996.01830010027005","volume":"53","author":"E Susser","year":"1996","unstructured":"Susser E, Neugebauer R, Hoek HW, Brown AS, Lin S, Labovitz D, Gorman JM: Schizophrenia after prenatal famine: further evidence. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1996, 53: 25-31.","journal-title":"Arch Gen Psychiatry"},{"key":"208_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.294.5.557","volume":"294","author":"D St Clair","year":"2005","unstructured":"St Clair D, Xu M, Wang P, Yu Y, Fang Y, Zhang F, Zheng X, Gu N, Feng G, Sham P, He L: Rates of adult schizophrenia following prenatal exposure to the Chinese Famine of 1959\u20131961. JAMA. 2005, 294: 557-62. 10.1001\/jama.294.5.557.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"208_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Ravelli AC, van der Meulen JH, Michels RP, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Hales CN, Bleker OP: Glucose tolerance in adults after prenatal exposure to famine. Lancet. 351 (9097): 173-7. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07244-9. 1998 Jan 17;","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07244-9"},{"issue":"6","key":"208_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.84.6.595","volume":"84","author":"TJ Roseboom","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roseboom TJ, van der Meulen JH, Osmond C, Barker DJ, Ravelli AC, Schroeder-Tanka JM, van Montfrans GA, Michels RP, Bleker OP: Coronary heart disease after prenatal exposure to the Dutch famine, 1944\u201345. Heart. 2000, 84 (6): 595-8. 10.1136\/heart.84.6.595.","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"208_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1036","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08067-4","volume":"359","author":"N Vaessen","year":"2002","unstructured":"Vaessen N, Janssen JA, Heutink P, Hofman A, Lamberts SWJ, Oostra BA, Pols HA, Van Duijn CM: Association between genetic variation in the gene for insulin-like growth factor-I and low birthweight. Lancet. 2002, 359: 1036-37. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)08067-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"208_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1375\/13690520460741471","volume":"7","author":"PAF Madden","year":"2004","unstructured":"Madden PAF, Pedersen NL, Kaprio J, Koskenvuo MJ, Martin NG: The epidemiology and genetics of smoking initiation and persistence: Crosscultural comparisons of twin study results. Twin Research. 2004, 7: 82-97. 10.1375\/13690520460741471.","journal-title":"Twin Research"},{"key":"208_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.3109\/10408369509082593","volume":"32","author":"TR Csorba","year":"1995","unstructured":"Csorba TR, Edwards AL: The genetics and pathophysiology of type II and gestational diabetes. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci. 1995, 32: 509-50.","journal-title":"Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci"},{"key":"208_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.03.002","volume":"5","author":"N Sattar","year":"2004","unstructured":"Sattar N: Do pregnancy complications and CVD share common antecedents?. Atherosclerosis Supplements. 2004, 5: 3-7. 10.1016\/j.atherosclerosissup.2004.03.002.","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis Supplements"},{"issue":"9499","key":"208_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1797","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67726-4","volume":"366","author":"JG Ray","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ray JG, Vermeulen MJ, Schull MJ, Redelmeier DA: Cardiovascular health after maternal placental syndromes (CHAMPS): population-based retrospective cohort study. Lancet. 2005, 366 (9499): 1797-803. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)67726-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"208_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0402-399","volume":"8","author":"SA Greeley","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greeley SA, Katsumata M, Yu L, Eisenbarth GS, Moore DJ, Goodarzi H, Barker CF, Naji A, Noorchashm H: Elimination of maternally transmitted autoantibodies prevents diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice. Nat Med. 2002, 8 (4): 399-402. 10.1038\/nm0402-399.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"208_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1038\/nn1038","volume":"6","author":"DD Francis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Francis DD, Szegda K, Campbell G, Martin WD, Insel TR: Epigenetic sources of behavioral differences in mice. Nat Neurosci. 2003, 6 (5): 445-6.","journal-title":"Nat Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"208_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.31887\/DCNS.2005.7.2\/mmeaney","volume":"7","author":"MJ Meaney","year":"2005","unstructured":"Meaney MJ, Szyf M: Environmental programming of stress responses through DNA methylation: life at the interface between a dynamic environment and a fixed genome. Dialogues Clin Neurosci. 2005, 7 (2): 103-23. Review.","journal-title":"Dialogues Clin Neurosci"},{"issue":"2","key":"208_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1002\/bies.20522","volume":"29","author":"PD Gluckman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gluckman PD, Hanson MA, Beedle AS: Non-genomic transgenerational inheritance of disease risk. Bioessays. 2007, 29 (2): 145-54. 10.1002\/bies.20522.","journal-title":"Bioessays"},{"key":"208_CR32","first-page":"3260","volume":"17","author":"KG Nygren","year":"1999","unstructured":"Nygren KG, Nyboe Andersen A: Assisted reproductive technology in Europe, 1999: Results generated from European registers by ESHRE. Human Reproduction. 1999, 17: 3260-274.","journal-title":"Human Reproduction"},{"key":"208_CR33","volume-title":"Genes, Environment and Psychopathology: Understanding the Causes of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders","author":"KS Kendler","year":"2006","unstructured":"Kendler KS, Prescott CA: Genes, Environment and Psychopathology: Understanding the Causes of Psychiatric and Substance Use Disorders. 2006, Guilford Publications"},{"key":"208_CR34","volume-title":"Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences","author":"J Cohen","year":"1988","unstructured":"Cohen J: Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. 1988, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers, Hillsdale, New Jersey, 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"208_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Rice F, Lewis A, Harold G, van den Bree M, Boivin J, Hay DF, Owen MJ, Thapar A: Agreement between maternal report and antenatal records for a range of pre and peri-natal factors: The influence of maternal and child characteristics. Early Hum Dev. 2006 Oct 27;","DOI":"10.1016\/j.earlhumdev.2006.09.015"},{"issue":"1","key":"208_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01471-5","volume":"98","author":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists","year":"2001","unstructured":"American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists: ACOG practice bulletin. Clinical management guidelines for obstetrician-gynecologists. Number 29: chronic hypertension in pregnancy. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2001, 98 (1): 177-185. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(01)01471-5.","journal-title":"Obstetrics & Gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"208_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1130","DOI":"10.1111\/1469-7610.00196","volume":"44","author":"BM D'Onofrio","year":"2003","unstructured":"D'Onofrio BM, Turkheimer EN, Eaves LJ, Corey LA, Berg K, Solaas MH, Emery RE: The role of the children of twins design in elucidating causal relations between parent characteristics and child outcomes. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 2003, 44 (8): 1130-1144. 10.1111\/1469-7610.00196.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"208_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dei424","volume":"21","author":"D De Neubourg","year":"2006","unstructured":"De Neubourg D, Gerris J, Mangelschots K, Van Royen E, Vercruyssen M, Steylemans A, Elseviers M: The obstetrical and neonatal outcome of babies born after single-embryo transfer in IVF\/ICSI compares favourably to spontaneously conceived babies. Hum Reprod. 2006, 21 (4): 1041-6. 10.1093\/humrep\/dei424.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"208_CR39","volume-title":"Review of the registrar general on births and patterns of family building in England and Wales","author":"Birth statistics","year":"2005","unstructured":"Birth statistics: Review of the registrar general on births and patterns of family building in England and Wales. 2005, London: Office for National Statistics, (Series FM1 no34)"},{"issue":"3","key":"208_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.830","volume":"17","author":"S Golombok","year":"2002","unstructured":"Golombok S, Brewaeys A, Giavazzi MT: The European study of assisted reproduction families: the transition to adolescence. Hum Reprod. 2002, 17 (3): 830-40. 10.1093\/humrep\/17.3.830.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"208_CR41","volume-title":"The Mental Health and Well being of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain","author":"H Meltzer","year":"2000","unstructured":"Meltzer H, Gatwood R, Goodman R, Ford T: The Mental Health and Well being of Children and Adolescents in Great Britain. 2000, Office for National Statistics"},{"issue":"5","key":"208_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x","volume":"38","author":"R Goodman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Goodman R: The Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire: a research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. 1997, 38 (5): 581-6. 10.1111\/j.1469-7610.1997.tb01545.x.","journal-title":"J Child Psychol Psychiatry"}],"container-title":["BMC Medical Research Methodology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,15]],"date-time":"2021-08-15T10:16:00Z","timestamp":1629022560000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcmedresmethodol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]}},"alternative-id":["208"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2288-7-25","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2288"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2288","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,22]]},"article-number":"25"}}