{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T14:56:16Z","timestamp":1777474576447,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]],"date-time":"2010-04-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1271721600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bowel obstruction is a common cause of abdominal emergency, since the patients are at increased risk of septicemia resulting in high mortality rate. While the compartmentalized changes in enteric microfloral population and augmentation of bacterial translocation (BT) have already been reported using experimental obstruction models, alterations in epithelial permeability of the obstructed guts has not been studied in detail. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is actively involved in the contraction of epithelial perijunctional actinomyosin ring and thereby increases paracellular permeability. In the current study we attempt to investigate the role of MLCK in epithelial barrier defects using a rat model of simple mechanical obstruction.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Wistar rats received intraperitoneal injection of ML-7 (a MLCK inhibitor) or vehicle at 24, 12 and 1 hrs before and 12 hrs after intestinal obstruction (IO). The distal small intestine was obstructed with a single ligature placed 10 cm proximal to the ileocecal junction in IO rats for 24 hrs. Sham-operated rats served as controls.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Mucosal injury, such as villous blunting and increased crypt\/villus ratio, was observed in the distal small intestine of IO rats. Despite massive enterocyte shedding, intestinal villi were covered with a contiguous epithelial layer without cell apoptosis. Increased transmural macromolecular flux was noticed in the distal small intestine and the proximal colon after IO. The bacterial colony forming units in the spleen and liver of IO rats were significantly higher than those of sham controls. Addition of ML-7 ameliorated the IO-triggered epithelial MLC phosphorylation, mucosal injury and macromolecular flux, but not the level of BT.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The results suggest that IO-induced premature enterocytic sloughing and enhanced paracellular antigenic flux were mediated by epithelial MLCK activation. In addition, enteric bacteria may undergo transcytotic routes other than paracellular paths to cross the epithelium.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-10-39","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,12]],"date-time":"2010-05-12T18:15:58Z","timestamp":1273688158000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Role of myosin light chain kinase in intestinal epithelial barrier defects in a rat model of bowel obstruction"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chi-Chin","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yen-Zhen","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Ling","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Linda C","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"430_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mcna.2008.01.003","volume":"92","author":"MS Cappell","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cappell MS, Batke M: Mechanical obstruction of the small bowel and colon. Med Clin North Am. 2008, 92: 575-597. 10.1016\/j.mcna.2008.01.003.","journal-title":"Med Clin North Am"},{"key":"430_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31816f709e","volume":"64","author":"JJ Diaz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Diaz JJ, Bokhari F, Mowery NT, Acosta JA, Block EF, Bromberg WJ, Collier BR, Cullinane DC, Dwyer KM, Griffen MM, Mayberry JC, Jerome R: Guidelines for management of small bowel obstruction. J Trauma. 2008, 64: 1651-1664. 10.1097\/TA.0b013e31816f709e.","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"key":"430_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1007\/s10434-001-0632-1","volume":"8","author":"SL Blair","year":"2001","unstructured":"Blair SL, Chu DZ, Schwarz RE: Outcome of palliative operations for malignant bowel obstruction in patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis from nongynecological cancer. Ann Surg Oncol. 2001, 8: 632-637. 10.1007\/s10434-001-0632-1.","journal-title":"Ann Surg Oncol"},{"key":"430_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02054126","volume":"38","author":"PM Sagar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Sagar PM, MacFie J, Sedman P, May J, Mancey-Jones B, Johnstone D: Intestinal obstruction promotes gut translocation of bacteria. Dis Colon Rectum. 1995, 38: 640-644. 10.1007\/BF02054126.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"430_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1806","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9110-7","volume":"31","author":"H Shiomi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shiomi H, Shimizu T, Endo Y, Murata S, Kurumi Y, Uji Y, Tani T: Relations among circulating monocytes, dendritic cells, and bacterial translocation in patients with intestinal obstruction. World J Surg. 2007, 31: 1806-1812. 10.1007\/s00268-007-9110-7.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"430_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"384","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0b013e31805569df","volume":"28","author":"JA Clark","year":"2007","unstructured":"Clark JA, Coopersmith CM: Intestinal crosstalk: a new paradigm for understanding the gut as the \"motor\" of critical illness. Shock. 2007, 28: 384-393. 10.1097\/shk.0b013e31805569df.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"430_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1007\/s11894-008-0083-y","volume":"10","author":"CW Teshima","year":"2008","unstructured":"Teshima CW, Meddings JB: The measurement and clinical significance of intestinal permeability. Curr Gastroenterol Rep. 2008, 10: 443-449. 10.1007\/s11894-008-0083-y.","journal-title":"Curr Gastroenterol Rep"},{"key":"430_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)81280-2","volume":"159","author":"EA Deitch","year":"1990","unstructured":"Deitch EA, Bridges WM, Ma JW, Ma L, Berg RD, Specian RD: Obstructed intestine as a reservoir for systemic infection. Am J Surg. 1990, 159: 394-40. 10.1016\/S0002-9610(05)81280-2.","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"430_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2482-2-6","volume":"2","author":"S Samel","year":"2002","unstructured":"Samel S, Keese M, Kleczka M, Lanig S, Gretz N, Hafner M, Sturm J, Post S: Microscopy of bacterial translocation during small bowel obstruction and ischemia in vivo--a new animal model. BMC Surg. 2002, 2: 6-10.1186\/1471-2482-2-6.","journal-title":"BMC Surg"},{"key":"430_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1097\/00024382-200304000-00014","volume":"19","author":"S Samel","year":"2003","unstructured":"Samel S, Keese M, Lanig S, Kleczka M, Gretz N, Hafner M, Sturm J, Post S: Supplementation and inhibition of nitric oxide synthesis influences bacterial transit time during bacterial translocation in rats. Shock. 2003, 19: 378-382. 10.1097\/00024382-200304000-00014.","journal-title":"Shock"},{"key":"430_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G875","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.2000.279.5.G875","volume":"279","author":"TY Ma","year":"2000","unstructured":"Ma TY, Hoa NT, Tran DD, Bui V, Pedram A, Mills S, Merryfield M: Cytochalasin B modulation of Caco-2 tight junction barrier: role of myosin light chain kinase. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2000, 279: G875-G885.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"430_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C554","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1999.277.3.C554","volume":"277","author":"JR Turner","year":"1999","unstructured":"Turner JR, Angle JM, Black ED, Joyal JL, Sacks DB, Madara JL: PKC-dependent regulation of transepithelial resistance: roles of MLC and MLC kinase. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 1999, 277: C554-C562.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"430_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.34235","volume":"123","author":"Y Zolotarevsky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Zolotarevsky Y, Hecht G, Koutsouris A, Gonzalez DE, Quan C, Tom J, Mrsny RJ, Turner JR: A membrane-permeant peptide that inhibits MLC kinase restores barrier function in in vitro models of intestinal disease. Gastroenterology. 2002, 123: 163-172. 10.1053\/gast.2002.34235.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1052","DOI":"10.1038\/labinvest.3700464","volume":"86","author":"TF Bullen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bullen TF, Forrest S, Campbell F, Dodson AR, Hershman MJ, Pritchard DM, Turner JR, Montrose MH, Watson AJ: Characterization of epithelial cell shedding from human small intestine. Lab Invest. 2006, 86: 1052-1063. 10.1038\/labinvest.3700464.","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"430_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01057-6","volume":"125","author":"L Ferrier","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferrier L, Mazelin L, Cenac N, Desreumaux P, Janin A, Emilie D, Colombel JF, Garcia-Villar R, Fioramonti J, Bueno L: Stress-induced disruption of colonic epithelial barrier: role of interferon-gamma and myosin light chain kinase in mice. Gastroenterology. 2003, 125: 795-804. 10.1016\/S0016-5085(03)01057-6.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1071","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)61196-0","volume":"167","author":"R Moriez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Moriez R, Salvador-Cartier C, Theodorou V, Fioramonti J, Eutamene H, Bueno L: Myosin light chain kinase is involved in lipopolysaccharide-induced disruption of colonic epithelial barrier and bacterial translocation in rats. Am J Pathol. 2005, 167: 1071-1079.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"430_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.36002","volume":"123","author":"KG Scott","year":"2002","unstructured":"Scott KG, Meddings JB, Kirk DR, Lees-Miller SP, Buret AG: Intestinal infection with Giardia spp. reduces epithelial barrier function in a myosin light chain kinase-dependent fashion. Gastroenterology. 2002, 123: 1179-1190. 10.1053\/gast.2002.36002.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.2307\/3282675","volume":"76","author":"A Buret","year":"1990","unstructured":"Buret A, Gall DG, Olson ME: Effects of murine giardiasis on growth, intestinal morphology, and disaccharidase activity. J Parasitol. 1990, 76: 403-409. 10.2307\/3282675.","journal-title":"J Parasitol"},{"key":"430_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3536","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3536-3542.2004","volume":"72","author":"KG Scott","year":"2004","unstructured":"Scott KG, Yu LC, Buret AG: Role of CD8+ and CD4+ T lymphocytes in jejunal mucosal injury during murine giardiasis. Infect Immun. 2004, 72: 3536-3542. 10.1128\/IAI.72.6.3536-3542.2004.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"430_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.1970.01340280030009","volume":"101","author":"CJ Chiu","year":"1970","unstructured":"Chiu CJ, McArdle AH, Brown R, Scott HJ, Gurd FN: Intestinal mucosal lesion in low-flow states. I. A morphological, hemodynamic, and metabolic reappraisal. Arch Surg. 1970, 101: 478-483.","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"key":"430_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050575","volume":"168","author":"PC Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang PC, Jury J, Soderholm JD, Sherman PM, McKay DM, Perdue MH: Chronic psychological stress in rats induces intestinal sensitization to luminal antigens. Am J Pathol. 2006, 168: 104-114. 10.2353\/ajpath.2006.050575.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"430_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G223","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00445.2002","volume":"285","author":"LC Yu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Yu LC, Montagnac G, Yang PC, Conrad DH, Benmerah A, Perdue MH: Intestinal epithelial CD23 mediates enhanced antigen transport in allergy: evidence for novel splice forms. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol. 2003, 285: G223-G234.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"430_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181a16762","volume":"44","author":"JK Hsiao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hsiao JK, Huang CY, Lu YZ, Yang CY, Yu LC: Magnetic resonance imaging detects intestinal barrier dysfunction in a rat model of acute mesenteric ischemia\/reperfusion injury. Invest Radiol. 2009, 44: 329-335. 10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181a16762.","journal-title":"Invest Radiol"},{"key":"430_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1080\/08941930390153069","volume":"16","author":"A Kabaroudis","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kabaroudis A, Papaziogas B, Koutelidakis I: Disruption of the small intestine mucosal barrier after intestinal occlusion: a study with light and electron microscopy. J Invest Surg. 2003, 16: 23-28.","journal-title":"J Invest Surg"},{"key":"430_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1030","DOI":"10.1080\/00365520801947074","volume":"43","author":"SV Rana","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rana SV, Bhardwaj SB: Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2008, 43: 1030-1037. 10.1080\/00365520801947074.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"430_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(86)90638-4","volume":"91","author":"JL Morehouse","year":"1986","unstructured":"Morehouse JL, Specian RD, Stewart JJ, Berg RD: Translocation of indigenous bacteria from the gastrointestinal tract of mice after oral ricinoleic acid treatment. Gastroenterology. 1986, 91: 673-682.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1524","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2000.20232","volume":"119","author":"MT Abreu","year":"2000","unstructured":"Abreu MT, Palladino AA, Arnold ET, Kwon RS, McRoberts JA: Modulation of barrier function during Fas-mediated apoptosis in human intestinal epithelial cells. Gastroenterology. 2000, 119: 1524-1536. 10.1053\/gast.2000.20232.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11104","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1831452100","volume":"100","author":"AC Chin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chin AC, Vergnolle N, MacNaughton WK, Wallace JL, Hollenberg MD, Buret AG: Proteinase-activated receptor 1 activation induces epithelial apoptosis and increases intestinal permeability. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2003, 100: 11104-11109. 10.1073\/pnas.1831452100.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"430_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1822","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.05-4226com","volume":"19","author":"LC Yu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Yu LC, Flynn AN, Turner JR, Buret AG: SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake protects intestinal epithelial cells against LPS-induced apoptosis and barrier defects: a novel cellular rescue mechanism?. FASEB J. 2005, 19: 1822-1835. 10.1096\/fj.05-4226com.","journal-title":"FASEB J"},{"key":"430_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.008","volume":"137","author":"D Azuara","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azuara D, Sola A, Hotter G, Calatayud L, de Oca J: Apoptosis inhibition plays a greater role than necrosis inhibition in decreasing bacterial translocation in experimental intestinal transplantation. Surgery. 2005, 137: 85-91. 10.1016\/j.surg.2004.06.008.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"430_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1196\/annals.1326.018","volume":"1072","author":"AC Chin","year":"2006","unstructured":"Chin AC, Parkos CA: Neutrophil transepithelial migration and epithelial barrier function in IBD: potential targets for inhibiting neutrophil trafficking. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2006, 1072: 276-287. 10.1196\/annals.1326.018.","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"430_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"923","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.12.004","volume":"38","author":"LC Yu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yu LC, Huang CY, Kuo WT, Sayer H, Turner JR, Buret AG: SGLT-1-mediated glucose uptake protects human intestinal epithelial cells against Giardia duodenalis-induced apoptosis. Int J Parasitol. 2008, 38: 923-934. 10.1016\/j.ijpara.2007.12.004.","journal-title":"Int J Parasitol"},{"key":"430_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.171.11.6164","volume":"171","author":"M Bruewer","year":"2003","unstructured":"Bruewer M, Luegering A, Kucharzik T, Parcos CA, Madara JL, Hopkins AM, Nustat A: Proinflammatory cytokines disrupt epithelial barrier function by apoptosis-independent mechanisms. J Immunol. 2003, 171: 6164-6172.","journal-title":"J Immunol"},{"key":"430_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)62264-X","volume":"166","author":"F Wang","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wang F, Graham WV, Wang Y, Witkowski ED, Schwarz BT, Turner JR: Interferon-gamma and tumor necrosis factor-alpha synergize to induce intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction by up-regulating myosin light chain kinase expression. Am J Pathol. 2005, 166: 409-419.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"430_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55506","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M408822200","volume":"279","author":"DR Clayburgh","year":"2004","unstructured":"Clayburgh DR, Rosen S, Witkowski ED, Wang F, Blair S, Dudek S, Garcia JG, Alverdy JC, Turner JR: A differentiation-dependent splice variant of myosin light chain kinase, MLCK1, regulates epithelial tight junction permeability. J Biol Chem. 2004, 279: 55506-55513. 10.1074\/jbc.M408822200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"430_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26205","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M602164200","volume":"281","author":"WV Graham","year":"2006","unstructured":"Graham WV, Wang F, Clayburgh DR, Cheng JX, Yoon B, Wang Y, Lin A, Turner JR: Tumor necrosis factor-induced long myosin light chain kinase transcription is regulated by differentiation-dependent signaling events. Characterization of the human long myosin light chain kinase promoter. J Biol Chem. 2006, 281: 26205-26215. 10.1074\/jbc.M602164200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"430_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2095","DOI":"10.1242\/jcs.02915","volume":"119","author":"L Shen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shen L, Black ED, Witkowski ED, Lencer WI, Guerriero V, Schneeberger EE, Turner JR: Myosin light chain phosphorylation regulates barrier function by remodeling tight junction structure. J Cell Sci. 2006, 119: 2095-2106. 10.1242\/jcs.02915.","journal-title":"J Cell Sci"},{"key":"430_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5040","DOI":"10.1091\/mbc.E05-03-0193","volume":"16","author":"M Utech","year":"2005","unstructured":"Utech M, Ivanov AI, Samarin SN, Bruewer M, Turner JR, Mrsny RJ, Parkos CA, Nusrat A: Mechanism of IFN-gamma-induced endocytosis of tight junction proteins: myosin II-dependent vacuolarization of the apical plasma membrane. Mol Biol Cell. 2005, 16: 5040-5052. 10.1091\/mbc.E05-03-0193.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Cell"},{"key":"430_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01868675","volume":"116","author":"JL Madara","year":"1990","unstructured":"Madara JL: Maintenance of the macromolecular barrier at cell extrusion sites in intestinal epithelium: physiological rearrangement of tight junctions. J Membr Biol. 1990, 116: 177-184. 10.1007\/BF01868675.","journal-title":"J Membr Biol"},{"key":"430_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1242\/dev.110.4.1001","volume":"110","author":"CS Potten","year":"1990","unstructured":"Potten CS, Loeffler M: Stem cells: attributes, cycles, spirals, pitfalls and uncertainties. Lessons for and from the crypt. Development. 1990, 110: 1001-1020.","journal-title":"Development"},{"key":"430_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"C693","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.00124.2003","volume":"286","author":"P Prahalad","year":"2004","unstructured":"Prahalad P, Calvo I, Waechter H, Matthews JB, Zuk A, Matlin KS: Regulation of MDCK cell-substratum adhesion by RhoA and myosin light chain kinase after ATP depletion. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 2004, 286: C693-C707. 10.1152\/ajpcell.00124.2003.","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Cell Physiol"},{"key":"430_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00587-5","volume":"11","author":"J Rosenblatt","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rosenblatt J, Raff MC, Cramer LP: An epithelial cell destined for apoptosis signals its neighbors to extrude it by an actin- and myosin-dependent mechanism. Curr Biol. 2001, 11: 1847-1857. 10.1016\/S0960-9822(01)00587-5.","journal-title":"Curr Biol"},{"key":"430_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.015","volume":"129","author":"AJ Watson","year":"2005","unstructured":"Watson AJ, Chu S, Sieck L, Gerasimenko O, Bullen T, Campbell F, McKenna M, Rose T, Montrose MH: Epithelial barrier function in vivo is sustained despite gaps in epithelial layers. Gastroenterology. 2005, 129: 902-912. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.06.015.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1258","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.01.046","volume":"128","author":"E Clark","year":"2005","unstructured":"Clark E, Hoare C, Tanianis-Hughes J, Carlson GL, Warhurst G: Interferon gamma induces translocation of commensal Escherichia coli across gut epithelial cells via a lipid raft-mediated process. Gastroenterology. 2005, 128: 1258-1267. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.01.046.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"430_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9440(10)63182-3","volume":"164","author":"A Nazli","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nazli A, Yang PC, Jury J, Howe K, Watson JL, Soderholm JD, Sherman PM, Perdue MH, McKay DM: Epithelia under metabolic stress perceive commensal bacteria as a threat. Am J Pathol. 2004, 164: 947-957.","journal-title":"Am J Pathol"},{"key":"430_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1086\/498982","volume":"193","author":"M Soriani","year":"2006","unstructured":"Soriani M, Santi I, Taddei A, Rappuoli R, Grandi G, Telford JL: Group B Streptococcus crosses human epithelial cells by a paracellular route. J Infect Dis. 2006, 193: 241-250. 10.1086\/498982.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-10-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-230X-10-39\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-10-39","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-10-39.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T12:32:06Z","timestamp":1630499526000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-230X-10-39"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230x-10-39","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,4,20]]},"assertion":[{"value":"23 July 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"20 April 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"39"}}