{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T03:36:01Z","timestamp":1790134561727,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1294358400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Researchers in the medical sciences prefer employing Cox model for survival analysis. In some cases, however, parametric methods can provide more accurate estimates. In this study, we used Weibull model to analyze the prognostic factors in patients with gastric cancer and compared with Cox.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We retrospectively studied 1715 patients with gastric cancer. Age at diagnosis, gender, family history, past medical history, tumor location, tumor size, eradicative degree of surgery, depth of tumor invasion, combined evisceration, pathologic stage, histologic grade and lymph node status were chosen as potential prognostic factors. Weibull and Cox model were performed with hazard rate and Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) to compare the efficiency of models.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results from both Weibull and Cox indicated that patients with the past history of having gastric cancer had the risk of death increased significantly followed by poorly differentiated or moderately differentiated in histologic grade. Eradicative degree of surgery, pathologic stage, depth of tumor invasion and tumor location were also identified as independent prognostic factors found significant. Age was significant only in Weibull model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>From the results of multivariate analysis, the data strongly supported the Weibull can elicit more precise results as an alternative to Cox based on AIC.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-11-1","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]],"date-time":"2011-01-07T07:16:11Z","timestamp":1294384571000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Application of Weibull model for survival of patients with gastric cancer"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hui P","family":"Zhu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Xia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chuan H","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ahmed","family":"Adnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shun F","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu K","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"reference":[{"key":"536_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(03)00337-4","volume":"134","author":"ST Mark","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mark ST, Simon PK, Katherine AY: Surgical outcomes of patients with gastric carcinoma: The importance of primary tumor location and microvessel invasion. Surgery. 2003, 134: 720-727. 10.1016\/S0039-6060(03)00337-4.","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"536_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.52.1.23","volume":"52","author":"A Jemal","year":"2002","unstructured":"Jemal A, Thomas A, Murray T, Thun M: Cancer statistics, 2002. CA Cancer J Clin. 2002, 52: 23-47. 10.3322\/canjclin.52.1.23.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"536_CR3","first-page":"262","volume":"129","author":"MA Pourhoseingholi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi MA, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Safaee A, Hajizadeh E, Solhpour A, Zali MR: Prognostic factors in gastric cancer using log-normal censored regression model. Indian J Med Res. 2009, 129: 262-267.","journal-title":"Indian J Med Res"},{"key":"536_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1821","DOI":"10.1007\/s11605-009-0973-9","volume":"13","author":"O Toshiyasu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Toshiyasu O, Makoto I, Mikihito N: Association of Allogeneic Blood Transfusions and Long-Term Survival of Patients with Gastric Cancer after Curative Gastrectomy. J Gastrointest Surg. 2009, 13: 1821-1830. 10.1007\/s11605-009-0973-9.","journal-title":"J Gastrointest Surg"},{"issue":"suppl2","key":"536_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii31","DOI":"10.1093\/annonc\/mdg726","volume":"14","author":"SR Alberts","year":"2003","unstructured":"Alberts SR, Cervantes A, Velde CJ, Gastric cancer: epidemiology, pathology and treatment. Ann Oncol. 2003, 14 (suppl2): ii31-36.","journal-title":"Ann Oncol"},{"key":"536_CR6","first-page":"690","volume":"10","author":"S Naomi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Naomi S, Yuri I, Akiko I: Gender Differences in Stomach Cancer Survival in Osaka, Japan:Analyses Using Relative Survival Model. Jpn J Clin Oncol. 2009, 10: 690-694.","journal-title":"Jpn J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"536_CR7","unstructured":"Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare: Tokyo: Vital Statistics of Japan. (1958-2006.xls) (30 March 2009, date last accessed)., [http:\/\/ganjoho.ncc.go.jp\/professional\/statistics\/odjrh3000000hwsa-att\/cancer_mortality]"},{"key":"536_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60395-X","volume":"32","author":"K Jong-Han","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jong-Han K, You-Jin J, Sung-Soo P: Surgical Outcomes and Prognostic Factors forT4 Gastric Cancers. J Asian Surg. 2009, 32: 198-204. 10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60395-X.","journal-title":"J Asian Surg"},{"key":"536_CR9","first-page":"281","volume":"23","author":"AI Neugut","year":"1996","unstructured":"Neugut AI, Hayek M, Howe G: Epidemiology of gastric cancer. Semin Oncol. 1996, 23: 281-291.","journal-title":"Semin Oncol"},{"key":"536_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199810000-00002","volume":"228","author":"JR Siewert","year":"1998","unstructured":"Siewert JR, Bottcher K, Stein HJ: Relevant prognostic factors in gastric cancer: ten-year results of the German Gastric Cancer Study. Ann Surg. 1998, 228: 449-461. 10.1097\/00000658-199810000-00002.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"536_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/0026-2714(80)90592-2","volume":"20","author":"JG Alan","year":"1980","unstructured":"Alan JG: Parametric methods in the analysis of survival data. Microelectron Reliab. 1980, 20: 477-481. 10.1016\/0026-2714(80)90592-2.","journal-title":"Microelectron Reliab"},{"key":"536_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2517-6161.1972.tb00899.x","volume":"34","author":"DR Cox","year":"1972","unstructured":"Cox DR: Regression models and life-table. J Royal Stati Soci B. 1972, 34: 187-220.","journal-title":"J Royal Stati Soci B"},{"key":"536_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1007\/s10120-006-0409-0","volume":"10","author":"E Orsenigo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Orsenigo E, Tomajer V, Palo SD, Carlucci M, Vignali A, Tamburini A: Impact of age on postoperative outcomes in 1118 gastric cancer patients undergoing surgical treatment. Gastric Cancer. 2007, 10: 39-44. 10.1007\/s10120-006-0409-0.","journal-title":"Gastric Cancer"},{"key":"536_CR14","first-page":"1203","volume":"26","author":"H Zeraati","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zeraati H, Mahmoudi M, Kazemnejad A, Mohammed K: Postoperative life expectancy in gastric cancer patients and its associated factors. Saudi Med J. 2005, 26: 1203-1207.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"key":"536_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2383","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-009-0214-0","volume":"33","author":"Z Ming","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ming Z, Guan YZ, Yan M: Comparison of Four Staging Systems of Lymph Node Metastasis in Gastric Cancer. World J Surg. 2009, 33: 2383-2388. 10.1007\/s00268-009-0214-0.","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"key":"536_CR16","first-page":"412","volume":"8","author":"MA Pourhoseingholi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Pourhoseingholi MA, Hajizadeh E, Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Safaee A, Abadi A, Zali MR: Comparing Cox regression and parametric models for survival of patients with gastric carcinoma. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2007, 8: 412-416.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"536_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1977.10480613","volume":"72","author":"B Efron","year":"1977","unstructured":"Efron B: The efficiency of Cox's likelihood function for censored data. J Am Stati Associ. 1977, 72: 557-565. 10.2307\/2286217.","journal-title":"J Am Stati Associ"},{"key":"536_CR18","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours. International Union Against Cancer","author":"LH Sobin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sobin LH, Wittekind C: TNM classification of malignant tumours. International Union Against Cancer. 2002, New York, Wiley-Liss, 6","edition":"6"},{"key":"536_CR19","volume-title":"AJCC cancer staging manual","author":"ID Fleming","year":"1997","unstructured":"Fleming ID, Cooper JS, Henson DE: AJCC cancer staging manual. 1997, JB Philadelphia, Lippincott, 5","edition":"5"},{"key":"536_CR20","volume-title":"The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data","author":"JD Kalbfleisch","year":"1980","unstructured":"Kalbfleisch JD, Prentice RL, Prentice Ross L: The Statistical Analysis of Failure Time Data. 1980, New York, John Wiley & Sons, Chapter 2:"},{"key":"536_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"716","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705","volume":"19","author":"H Akaike","year":"1974","unstructured":"Akaike H: A new look at the statistical model identification. IEEE Trans Automatic Control. 1974, 19: 716-723. 10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705.","journal-title":"IEEE Trans Automatic Control"},{"key":"536_CR22","volume-title":"Analysis of Survival Data","author":"DR Cox","year":"1984","unstructured":"Cox DR, Oakes D: Analysis of Survival Data. 1984, New York, Chapman & Hall Ltd"},{"key":"536_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"511","DOI":"10.1038\/bjc.1995.364","volume":"72","author":"DG Altman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Altman DG, De Stavola BL, Love SB, Stepniewska KA: Review of survival analyses published in cancer journals. Bri J Cancer. 1995, 72: 511-518. 10.1038\/bjc.1995.364.","journal-title":"Bri J Cancer"},{"key":"536_CR24","first-page":"417","volume":"9","author":"B Moghimi-Dehkordi","year":"2008","unstructured":"Moghimi-Dehkordi B, Safaee A, Pourhoseingholi MA, Fatemi R, Tabeie Z, Zali MR: Statistical comparison of survival models for analysis of cancer data. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev. 2008, 9: 417-420.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"key":"536_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199908000-00005","volume":"230","author":"LE Hansson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hansson LE, Sparen P, Nyren O: Survival in stomach cancer is improving: results of a nationwide population-based Swedish study. Ann Surg. 1999, 230: 162-169. 10.1097\/00000658-199908000-00005.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"536_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.1002\/jso.21399","volume":"100","author":"Y Manabu","year":"2009","unstructured":"Manabu Y, Ayumi M, Toshifumi K: The Long-Term Outcome of Atomic Bomb Survivors with Gastric Carcinoma. J Surg Oncol. 2009, 100: 594-597. 10.1002\/jso.21399.","journal-title":"J Surg Oncol"},{"key":"536_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.6653","volume":"96","author":"J Kulig","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kulig J, Sierzega M, Kolodziejczyk P: Ratio of metastatic to resected lymph nodes for prediction of survival in patients with inadequately staged gastric cancer. Brit J Surg. 2009, 96: 910-918. 10.1002\/bjs.6653.","journal-title":"Brit J Surg"},{"key":"536_CR28","first-page":"1","volume-title":"Cancer Statistics Review: 1973-1989","author":"L Ries","year":"1992","unstructured":"Ries L, Eisner MP, Kosary CL: Cancer Statistics Review: 1973-1989. 1992, NIH Pub. No. 92-2789. Bethesda: National Cancer Institute, USA, 23: 1-9."},{"key":"536_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.1800800423","volume":"80","author":"TK Haugstvedt","year":"1993","unstructured":"Haugstvedt TK, Viste A, Eide GE, S\u00f6reide O: Norwegian multicentre study of survival and prognostic factors in patients undergoing curative resection for gastric carcinoma. The Norwegian Stomach Cancer Trial. Br J Surg. 1993, 80: 475-478. 10.1002\/bjs.1800800423.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"536_CR30","first-page":"S86","volume":"4","author":"E Orsenigo","year":"2005","unstructured":"Orsenigo E, Carlucci M, Braga M: Prognostic factors of gastric neoplasms: experience with 1,074 cases undergoing surgical treatment at a single center. Tumori. 2005, 4 (Suppl): S86-87.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"536_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2143","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.22229","volume":"107","author":"NG Coburn","year":"2006","unstructured":"Coburn NG, Swallow CJ, Kiss A: Significant regional variation in adequacy of lymph node assessment and survival in gastric cancer. Cancer. 2006, 107: 2143-2151. 10.1002\/cncr.22229.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"536_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1080\/00015458.2003.11679503","volume":"103","author":"MS Erturk","year":"2003","unstructured":"Erturk MS, Ci\u00e7ek Y, Ersan Y: Analysis of clinicopathological prognostic parameters in adenocarcinoma of the gastric cardia. Acta Chir Belg. 2003, 103: 611-615.","journal-title":"Acta Chir Belg"},{"key":"536_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3883","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i24.3883","volume":"12","author":"JG Shen","year":"2006","unstructured":"Shen JG, Cheong JH, Hyung WJ, Kim J, Choi SH, Noh SH: Influence of a microscopic positive proximal margin in the treatment of gastric adenocarcinoma of the cardia. World J Gastroenterol. 2006, 12: 3883-3886.","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"536_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-200009000-00008","volume":"232","author":"MS Karpeh","year":"2000","unstructured":"Karpeh MS, Leon L, Kimstra D, Brennan MF: Lymph node staging in gastric cancer: Is location more important than number? An analysis of 1,038 patients. Ann Surg. 2000, 232: 362-371. 10.1097\/00000658-200009000-00008.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"536_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199908000-00006","volume":"230","author":"F Bozzetti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Bozzetti F, Marubini E, Bonfanti G, Miceli R, Piano C, Gennari L: Subtotal versus total gastrectomy for gastric cancer: five-year survival rates in a multicenter randomized Italian trial. Ann Surg. 1999, 230: 170-178. 10.1097\/00000658-199908000-00006.","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"536_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00558.x","volume":"85","author":"F Sanchez-Bueno","year":"1998","unstructured":"Sanchez-Bueno F, Garcia-Marcilla A, Perez-Flores D: Prognostic factors in a series of 297 patients with gastric adenocarcinoma undergoing surgical resection. Br J Surg. 1998, 85: 255-260. 10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00558.x.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"536_CR37","first-page":"804","volume":"116","author":"F Michelassi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Michelassi F, Takanishi DM, Pantalone D, Hart J, Chappell R, Block GE: Analysis of clinicopathologic prognostic features in patients with gastric adenocarcinoma. Surgery. 1994, 116: 804-810.","journal-title":"Surgery"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-11-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-230X-11-1\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-11-1","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-11-1.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,3,1]],"date-time":"2025-03-01T13:55:23Z","timestamp":1740837323000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-230X-11-1"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["536"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230x-11-1","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,1,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 August 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 January 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"1"}}