{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T01:35:07Z","timestamp":1771637707933,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]],"date-time":"2014-05-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1400371200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-14-95","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,17]],"date-time":"2014-05-17T21:03:29Z","timestamp":1400360609000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Prevalence of faecal incontinence and its related factors among patients in a Malaysian academic setting"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"April C","family":"Roslani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajeshwary","family":"Ramakrishnan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Soraya","family":"Azmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Daryl J","family":"Arapoc","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Adrian","family":"Goh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"1117_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02235263","volume":"41","author":"VS Donnelly","year":"1998","unstructured":"Donnelly VS, O\u2019Herlihy C, Campbell DM, O\u2019Connell PR: Postpartum fecal incontinence is more common in women with irritable bowel syndrome. Dis Colon Rectum. 1998, 41: 586-589. 10.1007\/BF02235263.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1117_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"480","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.50.4.480","volume":"50","author":"S Perry","year":"2002","unstructured":"Perry S, Shaw C, McGrother C: Prevalence of faecal incontinence in adults aged 40\u00a0years or more living in the community. Gut. 2002, 50: 480-484. 10.1136\/gut.50.4.480.","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"1117_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1905","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601","volume":"329","author":"AH Sultan","year":"1993","unstructured":"Sultan AH, Kamm MA, Hudson CN: Anal-sphincter disruption during vaginal delivery. N Engl J Med. 1993, 329: 1905-1911. 10.1056\/NEJM199312233292601.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1117_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"520","DOI":"10.12968\/bjcn.2004.9.12.17239","volume":"9","author":"S Collings","year":"2004","unstructured":"Collings S, Norton C: Women's experiences of faecal incontinence: a study. Br J Community Nurs. 2004, 9: 520-523.","journal-title":"Br J Community Nurs"},{"key":"1117_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1002\/nur.20014","volume":"27","author":"DZ Bliss","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bliss DZ, Fischer LR, Savik K, Avery M, Mark P: Severity of fecal incontinence in community-living elderly in a health maintenance organization. Res Nurs Health. 2004, 27: 162-173. 10.1002\/nur.20014.","journal-title":"Res Nurs Health"},{"key":"1117_CR6","first-page":"33","volume":"91","author":"JF Johanson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Johanson JF, Lafferty J: Epidemiology of fecal incontinence: the silent affliction. Am J Gastroenterol. 1996, 91: 33-36.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1117_CR7","first-page":"1","volume":"161","author":"T Shamliyan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Shamliyan T, Wyman J, Bliss DZ, Kane RL, Wilt TZ: Prevention of urinary and fecal incontinence in adults. Evid Rep Technol Assess. 2007, 161: 1-379.","journal-title":"Evid Rep Technol Assess"},{"key":"1117_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1341","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-004-0593-0","volume":"47","author":"AK Macmillan","year":"2004","unstructured":"Macmillan AK, Merrie AE, Marshall RJ, Parry BR: The prevalence of fecal incontinence in community dwelling adults: a systematic review of the literature. Dis Colon Rectum. 2004, 47: 1341-1349. 10.1007\/s10350-004-0593-0.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1117_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/0016-5085(92)90175-X","volume":"102","author":"NJ Talley","year":"1992","unstructured":"Talley NJ, O\u2019Keefe EA, Zinsmeister AR, Melton LJ: Prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in the elderly: a population- based study. Gastroenterology. 1992, 102: 895-901.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1117_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530070057030","volume":"274","author":"R Nelson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nelson R, Norton N, Caytley E, Furner S: Community based prevalence of anal incontinence. JAMA. 1995, 274: 559-561. 10.1001\/jama.1995.03530070057030.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"1117_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2071","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.018","volume":"193","author":"JL Melville","year":"2005","unstructured":"Melville JL, Fan M-Y, Newton K, Fenner D: Fecal incontinence in US women: a population-based study. Am J ObstGynecol. 2005, 193: 2071-2076. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2005.07.018.","journal-title":"Am J ObstGynecol"},{"key":"1117_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.006","volume":"129","author":"AE Bharucha","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bharucha AE, Zinsmeister AR, Locke GR, Seide BM, McKeon K, Schleck CD, Melton LJ: Prevalence and burden of fecal incontinence: a population-based study in women. Gastroenterology. 2005, 129: 42-49. 10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.006.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1117_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/003655202760230865","volume":"37","author":"S Walter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Walter S, Hallb\u00f6\u00f6k O, Gotthard R, Bergmark M, Sj\u00f6dahl R: population-based study on bowel habits in a Swedish community: prevalence of faecal incontinence and constipation. Scand J Gastroenterol. 2002, 37: 911-916. 10.1080\/003655202760230865.","journal-title":"Scand J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1117_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb04511.x","volume":"45","author":"N Nakanishi","year":"1997","unstructured":"Nakanishi N, Tatara K, Naramura H, Fujiwara H, Takashima Y, Fukuda H: Urinary and fecal incontinence in a community-residing older population in Japan. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997, 45: 215-219.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"issue":"7","key":"1117_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1002\/nau.10067","volume":"22","author":"GD Chen","year":"2003","unstructured":"Chen GD, Hu SW, Chen YC, Lin TL: Prevalence and correlations of anal incontinence and constipation in Taiwanese women. Neurourol Urodyn. 2003, 22 (7): 664-669. 10.1002\/nau.10067.","journal-title":"Neurourol Urodyn"},{"key":"1117_CR16","first-page":"669","volume":"45","author":"J Ge","year":"2010","unstructured":"Ge J, Lu YX, Shen WJ, Zhang Y, Li XY, Yang P, Wang QY: Prevalence of fecal incontinence among adult women in Beijing District. Chin J Obstet Gynecol. 2010, 45: 669-672.","journal-title":"Chin J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1117_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.1.86","volume":"18","author":"HW Kang","year":"2012","unstructured":"Kang HW, Jung HK, Kwon KJ, Song EM, Choi JY, Kim SE, Shim KN, Jung SA: Prevalence and predictive factors of faecal incontinence. J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2012, 18: 86-93. 10.5056\/jnm.2012.18.1.86.","journal-title":"J Neurogastroenterol Motil"},{"issue":"12","key":"1117_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1850","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02234467","volume":"44","author":"EE Rizk","year":"2001","unstructured":"Rizk EE, Mohammed YH, Huda S, Cherian JV, Micallef R: The prevalence and determinants of health care-seeking behavior for fecal incontinence in multiparous United Arab Emirates females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2001, 44 (12): 1850-1856. 10.1007\/BF02234467.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"5","key":"1117_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1080\/13697130802241519","volume":"11","author":"A Bener","year":"2008","unstructured":"Bener A, Saleh N, Burgut FT: Prevalence and determinants of fecal incontinence in premenopausal women in an Arabian community. Climacteric. 2008, 11 (5): 429-435. 10.1080\/13697130802241519.","journal-title":"Climacteric"},{"key":"1117_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02050307","volume":"36","author":"JMN Jorge","year":"1993","unstructured":"Jorge JMN, Wexner SD: Etiology and management of fecal incontinence. Dis Colon Rectum. 1993, 36: 77-97. 10.1007\/BF02050307.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1117_CR21","first-page":"681","volume":"10","author":"JJ Tjandra","year":"2008","unstructured":"Tjandra JJ, Chan MKY, Kwok SY: Predictive factors for faecal incontinence after third or fourth degree obstetrics tears. Dis Colon Rectum. 2008, 10: 681-688.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"issue":"2","key":"1117_CR22","first-page":"18","volume":"17","author":"SS Mohd","year":"2010","unstructured":"Mohd SS: The prevalence of urinary incontinence among the elderly in a rural community in Selangor. Malays J Med Sci. 2010, 17 (2): 18-23.","journal-title":"Malays J Med Sci"},{"key":"1117_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662.e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2007.08.062","volume":"197","author":"AD Markland","year":"2007","unstructured":"Markland AD, Kraus SR, Richter HE, Nager CW, Kenton K, Kerr L, Xu Y: Urinary incontinence treatment network. Prevalence and risk factors of fecalincontinence in women undergoing stress incontinence surgery. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2007, 197: 662.e1-e2.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1117_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2009.04.054","volume":"137","author":"WE Whitehead","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whitehead WE, Borrud L, Goode PS, Meikle S, Mueller ER, Tuteja A, Weidner A, Weinstein M, Ye W: Pelvic floor disorders network. Fecal incontinence in U.S. adults: epidemiology and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 2010, 137: 512-517. e2","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"1117_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"905","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.30511.x","volume":"100","author":"CR Quander","year":"2005","unstructured":"Quander CR, Morris MC, Melson J, Bienias JL, Evans DA: Prevalence of and factors associated with fecal incontinence in a large community study of older individuals. Am J Gastroenterol. 2005, 100: 905-909. 10.1111\/j.1572-0241.2005.30511.x.","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"1117_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-003-1106-8","volume":"15","author":"TA Teunissen","year":"2004","unstructured":"Teunissen TA, van den Bosch WJ, van den Hoogen HJ, Lagro-Janssen AL: Prevalence of urinary, fecal and double incontinence in the elderly living at home. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 2004, 15: 10-13. 10.1007\/s00192-003-1106-8. discussion 13","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"key":"1117_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2010.02276.x","volume":"13","author":"D Christoforidis","year":"2011","unstructured":"Christoforidis D, Bordeianou L, Rockwood TH, Lowry AC, Parker S, Mellgren AF: Faecal incontinence in men. Colorectal Dis. 2011, 13: 906-913. 10.1111\/j.1463-1318.2010.02276.x.","journal-title":"Colorectal Dis"},{"key":"1117_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1463-1318.1999.00044.x","volume":"1","author":"TCF Lam","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lam TCF, Kennedy ML, Chen FC, Lubowski DZ, Talley NJ: Prevalence of faecal incontinence: obstetric and constipation-related risk factors; a population-based study. Color Dis. 1999, 1: 197-203. 10.1046\/j.1463-1318.1999.00044.x.","journal-title":"Color Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"1117_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1726","DOI":"10.1007\/s10350-006-0657-4","volume":"49","author":"JC Fox","year":"2006","unstructured":"Fox JC, Fletcher JG, Zinsmeister AR, Seide B, Riederer SJ, Bharucha AE: Effect of aging on anorectal and pelvic floor functions in females. Dis Colon Rectum. 2006, 49 (11): 1726-1735. 10.1007\/s10350-006-0657-4.","journal-title":"Dis Colon Rectum"},{"key":"1117_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e001257","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-001257","volume":"2","author":"K R\u00f8mmen","year":"2012","unstructured":"R\u00f8mmen K, Schei B, Rydning A, H Sultan A, M\u00f8rkved S: Prevalence of anal incontinence among Norwegian women: a cross-sectional study. BMJ Open. 2012, 2: e001257-","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"1117_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1007\/s00192-012-1851-7","volume":"24","author":"EH Sze","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sze EH, Barker CD, Hobbs G: A cross-sectional survey of the relationship between fecal incontinence and constipation. Int Urogynecol J. 2012, 24 (1): 61-5.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J"},{"key":"1117_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5676","volume":"94","author":"DR Chatoor","year":"2007","unstructured":"Chatoor DR, Taylor SJ, Cohen CR, Emmanuel AV: Faecal incontinence. Br J Surg. 2007, 94: 134-144. 10.1002\/bjs.5676.","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"1117_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2223\/JPED.2153","volume":"88","author":"ML Rodrigues","year":"2012","unstructured":"Rodrigues ML, Motta ME: Mechanisms and factors associated with gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus. J Pediatr (Rio J). 2012, 88 (1): 17-24. 10.2223\/JPED.2153.","journal-title":"J Pediatr (Rio J)"},{"issue":"4","key":"1117_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.3904\/kjim.2009.24.4.309","volume":"24","author":"JH Oh","year":"2009","unstructured":"Oh JH, Choi MG, Kang MI, Lee KM, Kim JI, Kim BW, Lee DS, Kim SS, Choi H, Han SW, Choi KY, Son HY, Chung IS: The prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms in patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. Korean J Intern Med. 2009, 24 (4): 309-317. 10.3904\/kjim.2009.24.4.309.","journal-title":"Korean J Intern Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"1117_CR35","first-page":"1697","volume":"77","author":"A Shakil","year":"2008","unstructured":"Shakil A, Church RJ, Rao SS: Gastrointestinal complications of diabetes. Am Fam Physician. 2008, 77 (12): 1697-1702.","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"}],"container-title":["BMC Gastroenterology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-230X-14-95\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-14-95.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-14-95","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-230X-14-95.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T03:55:04Z","timestamp":1548129304000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcgastroenterol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-230X-14-95"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1117"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-230x-14-95","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-230X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-230X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,18]]},"assertion":[{"value":"18 January 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"7 May 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"18 May 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"95"}}