{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,16]],"date-time":"2025-12-16T12:10:51Z","timestamp":1765887051903},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]],"date-time":"2008-05-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1210032000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Gastroenterol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cell death mode has been studied in cancer, autoimmune, and neurodegenerative diseases. In this study, apoptosis and necrosis are investigated for the first time in patients with chronic calculous cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods and materials<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Thirty five (35) patients (27 women and 8 men, aged 55.65 \u00b1 13.48 years) with symptomatic chronic calculous cholecystitis underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy. The early specific apoptotic tendency (caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18) was studied in these patients with M30 Apoptosense ELISA and the total cytokerarin 18 (both derived from apoptosis and necrosis) with M65 ELISA. The ratio M30\/M65 (caspase-cleaved to total cytokeratin 18) was also computed. According to the histopathological examination, the patients were divided in two groups: group A included patients with chronic inactive cholecystitis (n = 10), and group B those with chronic active cholecystitis (n = 25).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The concentrations of caspase-cleaved cytokerarin 18 (CK18), and especially those of total CK18, were higher in bile samples than in serum samples. In group B, there were significant differences between serum and bile samples regarding both caspase-cleaved CK18 and total CK18. Cells staining positive for caspase-cleaved CK18 were present in the epithelial cells of the mucosa of the gallbladder.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CK18 is expressed in the gallbladder epithelial cells. The concentrations of both caspase-cleaved CK18 and total CK18 were higher in bile samples than in serum samples. The levels of total CK18, as well as caspase-cleaved CK18, do not seem to differ between active and inactive chronic cholecystitis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230x-8-14","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,7]],"date-time":"2008-05-07T06:13:27Z","timestamp":1210140807000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Total and caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18 in chronic cholecystitis: A prospective study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Constantinos","family":"Simopoulos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra K","family":"Tsaroucha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Byron","family":"Asimakopoulos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Giatromanolaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paschalis","family":"Gavriilidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alexandros","family":"Polychronidis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anastasios","family":"Karayiannakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,5,6]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"247_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(82)90400-7","volume":"31","author":"R Moll","year":"1982","unstructured":"Moll R, Franke WW, Schiller DL, Geiger B, Krepler R: The catalogue of human cytokeratins: patterns of expression in normal epithelia, tumors and cultured cells. 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