{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,28]],"date-time":"2026-03-28T08:20:38Z","timestamp":1774686038846,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,5]],"date-time":"2001-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991699200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,5]],"date-time":"2001-06-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":991699200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.springernature.com\/gp\/researchers\/text-and-data-mining"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2002,10,11]],"date-time":"2002-10-11T18:40:44Z","timestamp":1034361644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["Imiquimod for the treatment of genital warts: a quantitative systematic review"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"1","author":[{"given":"R Andrew","family":"Moore","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jayne E","family":"Edwards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennie","family":"Hopwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Hicks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"3_CR1","first-page":"1","volume":"9 (Suppl 6)","author":"TL Lamagmi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Lamagmi TL, Hughes G, Rogers PA, et al: New cases seen at genitourinary medicine clinics: England 1998. Comm Dis Report. 1998, 9 (Suppl 6): 1-12.","journal-title":"Comm Dis Report"},{"key":"3_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1097\/00019048-199902000-00006","volume":"8","author":"GA Richwald","year":"1999","unstructured":"Richwald GA, Reitano M: New approaches to the management of external genital warts. Infect Dis Clin Pract. 1999, 8: 67-75.","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin Pract"},{"key":"3_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.76.3.162","volume":"76","author":"G von Krogh","year":"2000","unstructured":"von Krogh G, Lacey CJ, Gross G, et al: European course on HPV associated pathology: guidelines for primary care physicians for the diagnosis and management of anogenital warts. Sex Transm Inf. 2000, 76: 162-8. 10.1136\/sti.76.3.162.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Inf"},{"key":"3_CR4","first-page":"25","volume":"3","author":"C Lacey","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lacey C: New guidelines assist GP management of anogenital warts. Guidelines in Practice. 2001, 3: 25-30.","journal-title":"Guidelines in Practice"},{"key":"3_CR5","first-page":"S71","volume":"75 (Suppl 1)","author":"Clinical Effectiveness Group (Association of Genitourinary Medicine and Medical Society for the study of Venereal Disease)","year":"1999","unstructured":"Clinical Effectiveness Group (Association of Genitourinary Medicine and Medical Society for the study of Venereal Disease): National guideline for the management of anogenital warts. Sex Transm Inf. 1999, 75 (Suppl 1): S71-5.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Inf"},{"key":"3_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"47(RR-1)","author":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"1998","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.: Guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR. 1998, 47(RR-1): 1-111.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"3_CR7","first-page":"88","volume":"47","author":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.","year":"1997","unstructured":"Centres for Disease Control and Prevention.: 1998 guidelines for treatment of sexually transmitted diseases. MMWR. 1997, 47: 88-95.","journal-title":"MMWR"},{"key":"3_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-126-9-199705010-00007","volume":"126","author":"HJ McQuay","year":"1997","unstructured":"McQuay HJ, Moore RA: Using numerical results from systematic reviews in clinical practice. Ann Intern Med. 1997, 126: 712-720.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"3_CR9","volume-title":"An evidence-based resource for pain relief","author":"HJ McQuay","year":"1998","unstructured":"McQuay HJ, Moore RA: An evidence-based resource for pain relief. 1998, Oxford. Oxford University Press, ISBN 0-19-262718-X"},{"key":"3_CR10","first-page":"23","volume":"10","author":"MA Stanley","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stanley MA: Mechanism of action of Imiquimod. Papillomavirus Report. 1999, 10: 23-29.","journal-title":"Papillomavirus Report"},{"key":"3_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5","volume":"354","author":"D Moher","year":"1999","unstructured":"Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, et al: Improving the quality of reports of meta-analyses of randomised controlled trials: the QUORUM statement. Lancet. 1999, 354: 1896-1900. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)04149-5.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4","volume":"17","author":"AR Jadad","year":"1996","unstructured":"Jadad AR, Moore RA, Carroll D, Jenkinson C, Reynolds DJM, Gavaghan DJ, McQuay HJ: Assessing the quality of reports of randomized clinical trials: is blinding necessary?. Control Clin Trial. 1996, 17: 1-12. 10.1016\/0197-2456(95)00134-4.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trial"},{"key":"3_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.285.4.437","volume":"285","author":"JP Ioannidis","year":"2001","unstructured":"Ioannidis JP, Lau J: Completeness of safety reporting in randomized trials. An evaluation of 7 medical areas. JAMA. 2001, 285: 437-443. 10.1001\/jama.285.4.437.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"3_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"746","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.292.6522.746","volume":"292","author":"MJ Gardner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Gardner MJ, Altman DG: Confidence intervals rather than P values: estimation rather than hypothesis testing. BMJ. 1986, 292: 746-50.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3_CR15","first-page":"50","volume-title":"In Statistics with confidence - confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. Edited by Gardner, MJ and Altman DG. London: British Medical Journal,","author":"JA Morris","year":"1995","unstructured":"Morris JA, Gardner MJ: Calculating confidence intervals for relative risk, odds ratios and standardised ratios and rates. In Statistics with confidence - confidence intervals and statistical guidelines. Edited by Gardner, MJ and Altman DG. London: British Medical Journal,. 1995, 50-63."},{"key":"3_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00302-4","volume":"85","author":"DJ Gavaghan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gavaghan DJ, Moore RA, McQuay HJ: An evaluation of homogeneity tests in meta-analyses in pain using simulations of individual patient data. Pain. 2000, 85: 415-424. 10.1016\/S0304-3959(99)00302-4.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"3_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00204-8","volume":"53","author":"Tang J","year":"2000","unstructured":"J Tang, JL Liu: Misleading funnel plot for detection of bias in meta-analysis. J Clin Epidemiol. 2000, 53: 477-484. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(99)00204-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1119","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00242-0","volume":"53","author":"JA Sterne","year":"2000","unstructured":"Sterne JA, Gavaghan D, Egger M: Publication and related bias in meta-analysis. Power of statistical tests and prevalence in the literature . J Clin Epidemiol. 2000, 53: 1119-29. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(00)00242-0.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"3_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.310.6977.452","volume":"310","author":"RJ Cook","year":"1995","unstructured":"Cook RJ, Sackett DL: The number needed to treat: a clinically useful measure of treatment effect. BMJ. 1995, 310: 452-4.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.315.7109.635","volume":"315","author":"M Tram\u00e8r","year":"1997","unstructured":"Tram\u00e8r M, Reynolds DJM, Moore RA, McQuay HJ: Effect of covert duplicate publication on meta-analysis; a case study. BMJ. 1997, 315: 635-40.","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"3_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.4.789","volume":"42","author":"KR Beutner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beutner KR, Tyring SK, Trofatter KF, et al: Imiquimod, a patient-applied immune-response modifier for treatment of external genital warts. Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. 1998, 42: 789-794.","journal-title":"Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy"},{"key":"3_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/S0190-9622(98)70243-9","volume":"38","author":"KR Beutner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Beutner KR, Spruance SL, Hougham AJ, et al: Treatment of genital warts with an immune-response modifier (imiquimod). J AM Acad Dermatol. 1998, 38: 230-239.","journal-title":"J AM Acad Dermatol"},{"key":"3_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1001\/archderm.134.1.25","volume":"134","author":"L Edwards","year":"1998","unstructured":"Edwards L, Ferenczy A, Eron L, et al: Self-administered topical 5% imiquimod cream for external anogenital warts. Arch Dermatol. 1998, 134: 25-30. 10.1001\/archderm.134.1.25.","journal-title":"Arch Dermatol"},{"key":"3_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2397","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199912030-00011","volume":"13","author":"RJ Gilson","year":"1999","unstructured":"Gilson RJ, Shupack JL, Fried-Kien AE, et al: A randomized,controlled, safety study using imiquimod for the topical treatment of anogenital warts in HIV-infected patients. AIDS. 1999, 13: 2397-2404. 10.1097\/00002030-199912030-00011.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"3_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1086\/517472","volume":"178","author":"SK Tyring","year":"1998","unstructured":"Tyring SK, Arany I, Stanley MA, et al: A randomized, controlled, molecular study of condylomata acuminata clearance during treatment with imiquimod. J Infect Dis. 1998, 178: 551-555.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"3_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1346-8138.1998.tb02429.x","volume":"25","author":"T Syed","year":"1998","unstructured":"Syed T, Ahmadpour OA, Ahmad SA, Ahmad SH: Management of female genital warts with an analog of imiquimod 2% in cream: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. J Dermatol. 1998, 25: 429-433.","journal-title":"J Dermatol"},{"key":"3_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1258\/0956462011916695","volume":"12","author":"H Gollnick","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gollnick H, Barasso R, Jappe U, et al: Safety and efficacy of imiquimod 5% cream in the treatment of penile genital warts in uncircumcised men when applied three times weekly or once per day. Int J STD & AIDS. 2001, 12: 22-28. 10.1258\/0956462011916695.","journal-title":"Int J STD & AIDS"},{"key":"3_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00093-7","volume":"18","author":"JE Edwards","year":"1999","unstructured":"Edwards JE, McQuay HJ, Moore RA, Collins SL: Reporting of adverse effects in clinical trials should be improved. Lessons from acute postoperative pain. J Pain Symptom Manag. 1999, 18: 427-37. 10.1016\/S0885-3924(99)00093-7.","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manag"},{"key":"3_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1996.00440060089011","volume":"156","author":"KS Khan","year":"1996","unstructured":"Khan KS, Daya S, Jadad AR: The importance of quality of primary studies in producing unbiased systematic reviews. Arch Intern Med. 1996, 156: 661-6. 10.1001\/archinte.156.6.661.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"3_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01085-X","volume":"352","author":"D Moher","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moher D, Pham B, Jones A, et al: Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses?. Lancet. 1998, 352: 609-613. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01085-X.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"3_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00140-7","volume":"78","author":"RA Moore","year":"1998","unstructured":"Moore RA, Gavaghan D, Tram\u00e8r MR, et al: Size is everything - large amounts of information are needed to overcome random effects in estimating direction and magnitude of treatment effects. Pain. 1998, 78: 217-220. 10.1016\/S0304-3959(98)00133-X.","journal-title":"Pain"},{"key":"3_CR32","volume-title":"London: Public Health Laboratory Service,","author":"PHLS, DHSS&PS and the Scottish ISD(S)5 Collaborative Group.","year":"2000","unstructured":"PHLS, DHSS&PS and the Scottish ISD(S)5 Collaborative Group.: Trends in sexually transmitted infections in the United Kingdom, 1990-1999. London: Public Health Laboratory Service,. 2000"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,4,25]],"date-time":"2024-04-25T15:06:47Z","timestamp":1714057607000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,5]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2001,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-1-3","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2001,6,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"6 April 2001","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2001","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"5 June 2001","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This content has been made available to all.","name":"free","label":"Free to read"}],"article-number":"3"}}