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Among the 215 patients who had early discontinuation of prophylaxis after achievement of undetectable plasma HIV RNA load, the incidence rate of pneumocystosis was reduced to 0.31 per 100 person-years, which was similar to that of the patients who continued prophylaxis until CD4 counts increased to \u2267200 cells\/\u03bcL (adjusted risk ratio, 0.63; 95% confidence interval, 0.03, 14.89).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared with the risk of pneumocystosis among patients who continued prophylaxis until CD4 counts increased to \u2267200 cells\/\u03bcL after HAART, the risk was significantly higher among patients who discontinued prophylaxis when CD4 counts remained &lt;200 cells\/\u03bcL, while the risk could be reduced among patients who achieved undetectable plasma HIV RNA load after HAART.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-126","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]],"date-time":"2010-05-21T18:26:13Z","timestamp":1274466373000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Risk of pneumocystosis after early discontinuation of prophylaxis among HIV-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Chien-Yu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mao-Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Szu-Min","family":"Hsieh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wang-Huei","family":"Sheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hsin-Yun","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yi-Chun","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wen-Chun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chien-Ching","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,5,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"1106_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1086\/432057","volume":"41","author":"JT Brooks","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooks JT, Song R, Hanson DL, Wolfe M, Swerdlow DL: Discontinuation of primary prophylaxis against Mycobacterium avium complex infection in HIV-infected persons receiving antiretroviral therapy: observations from a large national cohort in the United States, 1992-2002. 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