{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,14]],"date-time":"2026-11-14T07:44:55Z","timestamp":1794642295303,"version":"4.9.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1279152000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]],"date-time":"2010-07-15T02:32:28Z","timestamp":1279161148000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":64,"title":["Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B and C virus infections in an impoverished urban community in Dhaka, Bangladesh"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hasan","family":"Ashraf","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nur H","family":"Alam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Rothermundt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdullah","family":"Brooks","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pradip","family":"Bardhan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lokman","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed A","family":"Salam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed S","family":"Hassan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christoph","family":"Beglinger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Niklaus","family":"Gyr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"1188_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1906","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199706263362610","volume":"336","author":"AJ Zuckerman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Zuckerman AJ: Prevention of primary liver cancer by immunization. N Engl J Med. 1997, 336: 1906-7. 10.1056\/NEJM199706263362610.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1188_CR2","first-page":"99","volume":"18","author":"WI Khan","year":"2000","unstructured":"Khan WI, Sultana R, Rahman M, Akhter H, Haq JA, Ali L, Mohsin MA, Khan AK: Viral hepatitis: recent experiences from serological studies in Bangladesh. Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol. 2000, 18: 99-103.","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"1188_CR3","unstructured":"Hepatitis B: 2008, [\n                    http:\/\/www.who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs204\/en\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"1188_CR4","first-page":"1","volume":"10","author":"MN Islam","year":"1984","unstructured":"Islam MN, Islam KM, Islam N: Hepatitis-B virus infection in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1984, 10: 1-6.","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.1998.59.318","volume":"59","author":"MA Rumi","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rumi MA, Begum K, Hassan MS, Hasan SM, Azam MG, Hasan KN, Shirin M, Khan AK: Detection of hepatitis B surface antigen in pregnant women attending a public hospital for delivery: implication for vaccination strategy in Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 1998, 59: 318-22.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1188_CR6","first-page":"1","volume":"15","author":"M Mustafa","year":"1989","unstructured":"Mustafa M, Islam MN, Rahman M, Salauddin AK: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) among parenteral drug abusers at Dhaka. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1989, 15: 1-7.","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR7","first-page":"11","volume":"17","author":"Q Ahmad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ahmad Q, Chowdhury SG, Islam MN, Khan FD, Alam MR, Miah AH: HBsAg amongst unscreened operated patients. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1991, 17: 11-6.","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR8","first-page":"8","volume":"22","author":"H Sattar","year":"1996","unstructured":"Sattar H, Islam MN: Hepatitis B virus markers among the prostitutes of Dhaka. Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull. 1996, 22: 8-11.","journal-title":"Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR9","first-page":"595","volume":"7","author":"MA Mahtab","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mahtab MA, Rahman S, Karim MF, Khan M, Foster G, Solaiman S, Afroz S: Epidemiology of hepatitis B virus in Bangladeshi general population. Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int. 2008, 7: 595-600.","journal-title":"Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int"},{"key":"1188_CR10","first-page":"451","volume":"7","author":"F Deinhartd","year":"1982","unstructured":"Deinhartd F: Serum markers of hepatitis viruses in natural disease and after vaccination. Prog Liver Dis. 1982, 7: 451-67.","journal-title":"Prog Liver Dis"},{"key":"1188_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1258\/095646203322301077","volume":"14","author":"KM Sabin","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sabin KM, Rahman M, Hawkes S, Ahsan K, Begum L, Black RE, Baqui AH: Sexually transmitted infections prevalence rates in slum communities of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int J STD AIDS. 2003, 14: 614-21. 10.1258\/095646203322301077.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"1188_CR12","first-page":"571","volume":"31","author":"MA Rumi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Rumi MA, Siddiqui MA, Salam MA, Iqbal MR, Azam MG, Chowdhury AK, Khan AYM, Hasan KN, Hassan MS: Prevalence of infectious diseases and drug abuse among Bangladeshi workers. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2000, 31: 571-4.","journal-title":"Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health"},{"key":"1188_CR13","first-page":"38","volume":"23","author":"M Rahman","year":"1997","unstructured":"Rahman M, Amanullah , Sattar H, Rahman M, Rashid HA, Mollah AS: Sero-epidemiological study of hepatitis B virus infection in a village. Bangladseh Med Res Counc Bull. 1997, 23: 38-41.","journal-title":"Bangladseh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR14","first-page":"16","volume":"23","author":"M Khan","year":"1997","unstructured":"Khan M, Haq S, Ahmed N, Matin MA: Etiology and clinical profile of hepatocellular carcinoma in Bangladesh. Bangladseh Med Res Counc Bull. 1997, 23: 16-24.","journal-title":"Bangladseh Med Res Counc Bull"},{"key":"1188_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.4.885","volume":"30","author":"S Hawkes","year":"2001","unstructured":"Hawkes S: Commentary: Human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis in Bangladesh: widespread or targeted prevention strategies?. Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30: 885-6. 10.1093\/ije\/30.4.885.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1188_CR16","first-page":"202","volume":"5","author":"MS Laskar","year":"1997","unstructured":"Laskar MS, Harada N, Khan F: Prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in Viqarunnessa noon girls'school children in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Cent Eur J Public Health. 1997, 5: 202-4.","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"1188_CR17","unstructured":"Hepatitis C: [\n                    http:\/\/who.int\/mediacentre\/factsheets\/fs164\/en\/\n                    \n                  ]"},{"key":"1188_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2000-9505","volume":"20","author":"HJ Alter","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alter HJ, Seeff LB: Recovery, persistence, and sequelae in hepatitis C virus infection: a perspective on long-term outcome. Semin Liver Dis. 2000, 20: 17-35. 10.1055\/s-2000-9505.","journal-title":"Semin Liver Dis"},{"key":"1188_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07642-8","volume":"349","author":"T Poynard","year":"1997","unstructured":"Poynard T, Bedossa P, Opolon P: Natural history of liver fibrosis progression in patients with chronic hepatitis C. Lancet. 1997, 349: 825-32. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07642-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1188_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200107053450107","volume":"345","author":"GM Lauer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Lauer GM, Walker B: Hepatitis C virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2001, 345: 41-52. 10.1056\/NEJM200107053450107.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"1188_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"887","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06527-7","volume":"355","author":"C Frank","year":"2000","unstructured":"Frank C, Mohamed MK, Strickland GT, Lavanchy D, Arthur RR, Magder LS, El Khoby T, Abdel-Wahab Y, Aly Ohn ES, Anwar W, Sallam I: The role of parenteral antischistosomal therapy in the spread of hepatitis C virus in Egypt. Lancet. 2000, 355: 887-91. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)06527-7.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1188_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"84","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00329.x","volume":"9","author":"MI Memon","year":"2002","unstructured":"Memon MI, Memon MA: Hepatitis C: an epidemiological review. J Viral Hepat. 2002, 9: 84-100. 10.1046\/j.1365-2893.2002.00329.x.","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"1188_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.2.114","volume":"77","author":"J Bogaerts","year":"2001","unstructured":"Bogaerts J, Ahmed J, Akhter N, Begum N, Rahman M, Nahar S, Van Ranst M, Verhaegen J: Sexually transmitted infections among married women in Dhaka, Bangladesh: unexpected high prevalence of herpes simplex type 2 infection. Sex Transm Infect. 2001, 77: 114-9. 10.1136\/sti.77.2.114.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"1188_CR24","first-page":"145","volume":"18","author":"T Shirin","year":"2000","unstructured":"Shirin T, Ahmed T, Iqbal A, Islam M, Islam MN: Prevalence and risk factors of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, and human immunodeficiency virus infections among drug addicts in Bangladesh. J Health Popul Nutr. 2000, 18: 145-50.","journal-title":"J Health Popul Nutr"},{"key":"1188_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/sti.77.5.344","volume":"77","author":"L Gibney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gibney L, Macaluso M, Kirk K, Hassan MS, Schwebke J, Vermund SH, Choudhury P: Prevalence of infectious diseases in Bangladeshi women living adjacent to a truck stand: HIV\/STD\/hepatitis\/genital tract infections. Sex Transm Infect. 2001, 77: 344-50. 10.1136\/sti.77.5.344.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Infect"},{"key":"1188_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2007.77.795","volume":"77","author":"WA Brooks","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brooks WA, Breiman RF, Goswami D, Hossain A, Alam K, Saha SK, Nahar K, Nasrin D, Ahmed N, Arifeen SE, Naheed A, Sack DA, Luby S: Invasive pneumococcal disease burden and implications for vaccine policy in urban Bangladesh. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007, 77: 795-801.","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"1188_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1102.040422","volume":"11","author":"WA Brooks","year":"2005","unstructured":"Brooks WA, Hossain A, Goswami D, Nahar K, Alam K, Ahmed N, Naheed A, Nair GB, Luby S, Breiman RF: Bacteremic typhoid fever in children in an urban slum, Bangladesh. Emerg Infect Dis. 2005, 11: 326-9.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"1188_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01639532","volume":"17","author":"R Vranckx","year":"1989","unstructured":"Vranckx R, Muylle L, Meheus A: Hepatitis B core antibody-negative HBsAg carriers. Infection. 1989, 17: 250-1. 10.1007\/BF01639532.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"1188_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02538.x","volume":"68","author":"JM Barrera","year":"1995","unstructured":"Barrera JM, Francis B, Ercilla G, Nelles M, Achord D, Darner J, Lee SR: Improved detection of anti-HCV in post-transfusion hepatitis by a third-generation ELISA. Vox Sang. 1995, 68: 15-8. 10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1995.tb02538.x.","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"1188_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91189-4","volume":"343","author":"AM Courouce","year":"1994","unstructured":"Courouce AM, Bouchardeau F, Girault A, Le Marrec N: Significance of NS3 and NS5 antigens in screening for HCV antibody. Lancet. 1994, 343: 353-4. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)91189-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1188_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4407","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4407-4412.2002","volume":"40","author":"SS Richter","year":"2002","unstructured":"Richter SS: Laboratory assays for diagnosis and management of hepatitis C virus infection. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40: 4407-12. 10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4407-4412.2002.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1188_CR32","volume-title":"Version 10.0","author":"SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer program","year":"1996","unstructured":"SPSS: Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer program: Version 10.0. 1996, Chicago, II: SPSS Inc"},{"key":"1188_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/49.6.371","volume":"49","author":"H Zaki","year":"2003","unstructured":"Zaki H, Darmstadt GL, Baten A, Ahsan CR, Saha SK: Seroepidemiology of hepatitis B and delta virus infections in Bangladesh. J Trop Pediatr. 2003, 49: 371-4. 10.1093\/tropej\/49.6.371.","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"1188_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/30.4.878","volume":"30","author":"L Gibney","year":"2001","unstructured":"Gibney L, Saquib N, Metzger J, Choudhury P, Siddiqui M, Hassan M: Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, C and D in Bangladesh's trucking industry: prevalence and risk factors. Int J Epidemiol. 2001, 30: 878-84. 10.1093\/ije\/30.4.878.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"1188_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.1994.9.6.444","volume":"9","author":"YS Kim","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kim YS, Ahn Y, Kim DW: Familial clustering of hepatitis B and C viruses in Korea. J Korean Med Sci. 1994, 9: 444-9.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,22]],"date-time":"2019-01-22T02:58:07Z","timestamp":1548125887000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1188"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-208","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,15]]},"article-number":"208"}}