{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,2]],"date-time":"2026-05-02T13:54:05Z","timestamp":1777730045004,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":21,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,22]],"date-time":"2010-09-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1285113600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Untreated human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) disease disrupts B cell populations causing reduced memory and reduced na\u00efve resting B cells leading to increases in specific co-infections and impaired responses to vaccines. To what extent antiretroviral treatment reverses these changes in an African population is uncertain.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A cross-sectional study was performed. We recruited HIV-uninfected and HIV-infected Malawian adults both on and off antiretroviral therapy attending the Queen Elizabeth Central hospital in Malawi. Using flow cytometry, we enumerated B cells and characterized memory B cells and compared these measurements by the different recruitment groups.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Overall 64 participants were recruited - 20 HIV uninfected (HIV-), 30 HIV infected ART na\u00efve (HIV+N) and 14 HIV-infected ART treated (HIV+T). ART treatment had been taken for a median of 33 months (Range 12-60 months). Compared to HIV- the HIV+N adults had low absolute number of na\u00efve resting B cells (111 vs. 180 cells\/\u03bcl <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.008); reduced memory B cells (27 vs. 51 cells\/\u03bcl <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0008). The HIV+T adults had B-cell numbers similar to HIV- except for memory B cells that remained significantly lower (30 vs. 51 cells\/\u03bcl <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.02). In the HIV+N group we did not find an association between CD4 count and B cell numbers.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>HIV infected Malawian adults have abnormal B-cell numbers. Individuals treated with ART show a return to normal in B-cell numbers but a persistent deficit in the memory subset is noted. This has important implications for long term susceptibility to co-infections and should be evaluated further in a larger cohort study.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-280","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,22]],"date-time":"2010-09-22T18:15:38Z","timestamp":1285179338000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Characterising B cell numbers and memory B cells in HIV infected and uninfected Malawian adults"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Herbert","family":"Longwe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stephen","family":"Gordon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rose","family":"Malamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,9,22]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"1260_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1086\/421911","volume":"190","author":"N French","year":"2004","unstructured":"French N, Moore M, Haikala R, Kayhty H, Gilks CF: A case-control study to investigate serological correlates of clinical failure of 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in HIV-1-infected Ugandan adults. 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