{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T07:58:50Z","timestamp":1787731130639,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":57,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]],"date-time":"2010-11-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1289347200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Variations of <jats:italic>porB1A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> genes and their serotypes exist in <jats:italic>Neisseria gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates from different geographical areas, and some site mutations in the <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> gene correlate with drug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The \u03b2-lactamase production of <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates was determined by paper acidometric test and nitrocefin discs. The <jats:italic>porB1A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> genes of 315 non-penicillinase-producting <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> (non-PPNG) strains were amplified by PCR for sequencing to determine serotypes and site mutations. A duplex PCR was designed to simultaneously detect both <jats:italic>porB1A<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> genes. Penicillin and tetracycline resistance was assessed by an <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> drug sensitivity test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of the <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates, 31.1% tested positive for <jats:italic>porB1A<\/jats:italic> and 68.9% for <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> genes. All the 98 <jats:italic>porB1A<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> isolates belonging to IA6 serotype with either no mutation at the 120 and 121 sites (88.8%) or a D120G (11.2%) mutation and were no resistance to both penicillin and tetracycline. Among the 217 <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> isolates, 26.7%, 22.6% and 11.5% belonged to IB3, IB3\/6 and IB4 serotypes, respectively. Particularly, two novel chimeric serotypes, IB3\/6-IB2 and IB2-IB4-IB2, were found in 77 and 8 <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> isolates. Two hundred and twelve (97.7%) of the <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> isolates were presented G120 and\/or A121 mutations with 163 (76.9%) at both sites. Interestingly, within the 77 <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic>\n              <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> isolates belonging to IB3\/6-IB2 serotype, 15 were discovered to possess novel deletions at both A121 and N122 sites. All the replacement mutations at these sites in PorB1B were correlated with resistance and the deletion mutation showed the highest resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>N. gonorrhoeae<\/jats:italic> isolates circulating in Eastern China include a sole PorB1A serotype (IA6) and five PorB1B serotypes. Multiple mutations in <jats:italic>porB1B<\/jats:italic> genes, including novel A121 and N122 deletions, are correlated with high levels of penicillin and tetracycline resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,26]],"date-time":"2010-11-26T19:15:29Z","timestamp":1290798929000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Predominant porB1A and porB1B genotypes and correlation of gene mutations with drug resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Eastern China"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Aihua","family":"Sun","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xingli","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Gu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peng","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Renxian","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yafei","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuai","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jie","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"1303_CR1","unstructured":"WHO: Global prevalence and incidence of selected curable sexually transmitted infections: overview and estimates. Geneva, WHO, 2001: 14-19."},{"key":"1303_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-13","volume":"10","author":"L Tazil","year":"2010","unstructured":"Tazil L, Losada MP, Gu WM, Yang Y, Xue L, Crandall KA, Viscidi RP: Population dynamics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Shanghai, China: a comparative study. BMC Infectious Diseases. 2010, 10: 13-10.1186\/1471-2334-10-13.","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"1303_CR3","first-page":"1","volume":"55","author":"KA Workowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Workowski KA, Berman SM: Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2006, 55: 1-94.","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"1303_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2001","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69482-8","volume":"368","author":"N Low","year":"2006","unstructured":"Low N, Broutet N, Sarkodie YA, Barton P, Hossain M, Hawkes S: Global control of sexually transmitted infections. Lancet. 2006, 368: 2001-2016. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69482-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1303_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1097\/OLQ.0b013e3180ca8f24","volume":"34","author":"X Su","year":"2007","unstructured":"Su X, Jing F, Qimuge , Dia X, Sun H, Ye S: Surveillance of antimicrobial susceptibilities in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Nanjing, china, 1999-2006. Sex Transm Dis. 2007, 34: 995-999.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.34.3.804-816.1981","volume":"34","author":"J Swanson","year":"1981","unstructured":"Swanson J: Surface-exposed protein antigens of the gonococcal outer membrane. Infect Immun. 1981, 34: 804-816.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1303_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8135","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.84.22.8135","volume":"84","author":"EC Gotschlich","year":"1987","unstructured":"Gotschlich EC, Seiff ME, Blake MS, Koomey M: Porin protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: cloning and gene structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1987, 84: 8135-8139. 10.1073\/pnas.84.22.8135.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"1303_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2963","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.2963-2971.1991","volume":"59","author":"VDP Ley","year":"1991","unstructured":"Ley VDP, Heckels JE, Virji M, Hoogerhout P, Poolman JT: Topology of outer membrane porins in pathogenic Neisseria spp. Infect Immun. 1991, 59: 2963-2971.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1303_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1093\/molbev\/msi184","volume":"22","author":"M P\u00e9rez-Losada","year":"2005","unstructured":"P\u00e9rez-Losada M, Viscidi RP, Demma JC, Zenilman J, Crandall KA: Population genetics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in a high-prevalence community using a hypervariable outer membrane porB and 13 slowly evolving housekeeping genes. Mol Biol Evol. 2005, 22: 1887-1902. 10.1093\/molbev\/msi184.","journal-title":"Mol Biol Evol"},{"key":"1303_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7558","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7558-7568.2005","volume":"73","author":"WY Zhu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Zhu WY, Thomas CE, Chen CJ, Van Dam CN, Johnston RE, Davis NL, Sparling PF: Comparison of immune responses to gonococcal PorB delivered as outer membrane vesicles, recombinant protein, or Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus replicon particles. Infect Immun. 2005, 73: 7558-7568. 10.1128\/IAI.73.11.7558-7568.2005.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1303_CR11","first-page":"1621","volume":"132","author":"M Virji","year":"1986","unstructured":"Virji M, Zak K, Heckels JE: Monoclonal antibodies to gonococcal outer membrane protein IB: use in investigation of the potential protective effect of antibodies directed against conserved and type-specific epitopes. J Gen Microbiol. 1986, 132: 1621-1629.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR12","first-page":"9084","volume":"84","author":"NH Carbonetti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Carbonetti NH, Sparling PF: Molecular cloning and characterization of the structural gene for protein I: the major outer membrane protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genetics. 1987, 84: 9084-9088.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1303_CR13","first-page":"6841","volume":"85","author":"NH Carbonetti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Carbonetti NH, Simnad VI, Seifert HS, So M, Sparling PF: Genetics protein I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: construction of hybrid porins. Genetics. 1988, 85: 6841-6845.","journal-title":"Genetics"},{"key":"1303_CR14","first-page":"2269","volume":"135","author":"JE Heckels","year":"1989","unstructured":"Heckels JE, Fletcher JN, Virji M: The potential protective effect of immunization with outer-membrane protein I from Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Gen Microbiol. 1989, 135: 2269-2276.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2617","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01439.x","volume":"6","author":"C Elkins","year":"1992","unstructured":"Elkins C, Carbonetti NH, Varela VA, Stirewalt D, Klapper DG, Sparling PF: Antibodies to N-terminal peptides of gonococcal porin are bactericidal when gonococcal lipopolysaccharide is not sialylated. Mol Microbiol. 1992, 6: 2617-2628. 10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01439.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1059","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01339.x","volume":"14","author":"C Elkins","year":"1994","unstructured":"Elkins C, Barkley KB, Carbonetti NH, Stirewalt D, Sparling PF: Immunobiology of purified recombinant outer membrane porin protein I of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Mol Microbiol. 1994, 14: 1059-1075. 10.1111\/j.1365-2958.1994.tb01339.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3541","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.179.11.3541-3548.1997","volume":"179","author":"J Swanson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Swanson J, Dorward D, Lubke L, Kao D: Porin polypeptide contributes to surface charge of gonococci. J Bacteriol. 1997, 179: 3541-3548.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1303_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4266","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00215-06","volume":"74","author":"C K\u00fchlewein","year":"2006","unstructured":"K\u00fchlewein C, Rechner C, Meyer TF, Rudel T: Low-phosphate-dependent invasion resembles a general way for Neisseria gonorrhoeae to enter host cells. Infect Immun. 2006, 74: 4266-4273. 10.1128\/IAI.00215-06.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"1303_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2613","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-139-11-2613","volume":"139","author":"BJ Mee","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mee BJ, Thomas H, Cooke SJ, Lambden PR, Heckels JE: Structural comparison and epitope analysis of outer-membrane protein PIA from strains of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with differing serovar specificities. J Gen Microbiol. 1993, 139: 2613-2620.","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2926","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.42.7.2926-2934.2004","volume":"42","author":"M Unemo","year":"2004","unstructured":"Unemo M, Olc\u00e9n P, Jonasson J, Fredlund H: Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates by pyrosequencing of highly polymorphic segments of the porB gene. J Clin Microbiol. 2004, 42: 2926-2934. 10.1128\/JCM.42.7.2926-2934.2004.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12981.x","volume":"162","author":"SJ Cooke","year":"1998","unstructured":"Cooke SJ, Jolley K, Ison CA, Young H, Heckels JE: Naturally occurring isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, which display anomalous serovar properties, express PIA\/PIB hybrid porins, deletions in PIB or novel PIA molecules. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1998, 162: 75-82. 10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1998.tb12981.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1303_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1026379209810","volume":"136","author":"EN IIina","year":"2003","unstructured":"IIina EN, Malakhova MV, Vereshochagin VA, Govorun VM, Sergienko VI, Zubkov MM, Vasilev MM, Kubanova AA: Molecular typing of N. gonorrhoeae strains prevalent in the Russian Federation. Bull Exp Biol Med. 2003, 136: 179-182. 10.1023\/A:1026379209810.","journal-title":"Bull Exp Biol Med"},{"key":"1303_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1086\/374563","volume":"187","author":"DL Mcknew","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mcknew DL, Lyun F, Zenilman JM, Bash MC: Porin variation among clinical isolates of Neisseria gonorrhoeae over a 10-year period, as determined by Por variable region typing. J Infect Dis. 2003, 187: 1213-1222. 10.1086\/374563.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/150.1.44","volume":"150","author":"JS Knapp","year":"1984","unstructured":"Knapp JS, Tam MR, Nowinski RC, Holmes KK, Sandstr\u00f6m EG: Serological classification of Neisseria gonorrhoeae with use of monoclonal antibodies to gonococcal outer membrane protein I. J Infect Dis. 1984, 150: 44-48.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-199802000-00010","volume":"11","author":"CA Ison","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ison CA: Genotyping of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 1998, 11: 43-46.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1086\/315464","volume":"181","author":"DK Thompson","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thompson DK, Deal CD, Ison CA, Zenilman JM, Bash MC: A typing system for Neisseria gonorrhoeae based on biotinylated oligonucleotide probes to PIB gene variable regions. J Infect Dis. 2000, 181: 1652-1660. 10.1086\/315464.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4141","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4141-4147.2003","volume":"41","author":"M Unemo","year":"2003","unstructured":"Unemo M, Olcn P, Albert J, Fredlund H: Comparison of serologic and genetic porB-based typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: consequences for future characterization. J Clin Microbiol. 2003, 41: 4141-4147. 10.1128\/JCM.41.9.4141-4147.2003.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01764.x","volume":"13","author":"M Unemo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Unemo M, Vorobieva V, Firsova N, Ababkova T, Leniv I, Haldorsen BC, Rfedlund H, Skogen V: Neisseria gonorrhoeae population in Arkhangelsk, Russia: phenotypic and genotypic heterogeneity. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2007, 13: 873-878. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2007.01764.x.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"1303_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4430","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.38.12.4430-4438.2000","volume":"38","author":"RP Viscidi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Viscidi RP, Demma JC, Gu J, Zenilman J: Comparison of sequencing of the por gene and typing of the opa gene for discrimination of Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains from sexual contacts. J Clin Microbiol. 2000, 38: 4430-4438.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3741","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3741-3749.2002","volume":"40","author":"M Unemo","year":"2002","unstructured":"Unemo M, Olcen P, Berglund T, Albert J, Fredlund H: Molecular epidemiology of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: sequence analysis of the porB gene confirms presence of two circulating strains. J Clin Microbiol. 2002, 40: 3741-3749. 10.1128\/JCM.40.10.3741-3749.2002.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1086\/314608","volume":"179","author":"MM Hobbs","year":"1999","unstructured":"Hobbs MM, Alcom TM, Davis RH, Fischer W, Thomas JC, Martin I, Ison C, Sparling PF, Cohen MS: Molecular typing of Neisseria gonorrhoeae causing repeated infections: evolution of porin during passage within a community. J Infect Dis. 1999, 179: 371-381. 10.1086\/314608.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.368-375.2005","volume":"43","author":"F Lynn","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lynn F, Hobbs MM, Zenilman JM, Behets FM, Van Damme K, Rasamindrakotroka A, Bash MC: Genetic typing of the porin protein of Neisseria gonorrhoeae from clinical noncultured samples for strain characterization and identification of mixed gonococcal infections. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43: 368-375. 10.1128\/JCM.43.1.368-375.2005.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1497","DOI":"10.1086\/383047","volume":"189","author":"IM Martin","year":"2004","unstructured":"Martin IM, Ison CA, Aanensen DM, Fenton KA, Spratt BG: rapid sequence-based indentification of gonococcal transmission clusters in a large metropolitan area. J Infect Dis. 2004, 189: 1497-505. 10.1086\/383047.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2799","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.11.2799","volume":"42","author":"MJ Gill","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gill MJ, Simjee S, Al-Hattawi K, Robertson BD, Easmon CS, Ison CA: Gonococcal resistance to \u03b2-lactams and tetracycline involves mutation in loop 3 of the porin encoded at the penB locus. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1998, 42: 2799-2803.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2300","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.188.7.2300-2308.2006","volume":"188","author":"M Olesky","year":"2006","unstructured":"Olesky M, Zhao S, Rosenberg RL, Nicholas RA: Porin-mediated antibiotic resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae: ion, solute, and antibiotic permeation through PIB proteins with penB mutations. J Bacteriol. 2006, 188: 2300-2308. 10.1128\/JB.188.7.2300-2308.2006.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1303_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-200305000-00012","volume":"30","author":"J Sosa","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sosa J, Ramirez-Arcos S, Ruben M, Li H, Llanes R, Llop A, Dillon JA: High percentages of resistance to tetracycline and penicillin and reduced susceptibility to azithromycin characterize the majority of strain types of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in Cuba, 1995-1998. Sex Transm Dis. 2003, 30: 443-448. 10.1097\/00007435-200305000-00012.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.9.2.205-207.1979","volume":"9","author":"K Montgomery","year":"1979","unstructured":"Montgomery K, Raymundo L, Drew WL: Chromogenic cephalosporin spot test to detect betalactamase in clinically significant bacteria. J Clin Microbiol. 1979, 9: 205-207.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR38","first-page":"30","volume-title":"Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual","author":"J Sambrook","year":"2001","unstructured":"Sambrook J, Russell DW: Molecular cloning, a laboratory manual. 2001, New York, Gold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 7: 30-7. 35, 2","edition":"2"},{"key":"1303_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-143-4-1415","volume":"143","author":"SJ Cooke","year":"1997","unstructured":"Cooke SJ, de la Paz H, La Poh C, Ison CA, Heckels JE: Variation within serovars of Neisseria gonorrhoeae detected by structural analysis of outer-membrane protein PIB and by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. Microbiology. 1997, 143: 1415-1422. 10.1099\/00221287-143-4-1415.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"1303_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5591","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.18.5591-5599.1999","volume":"181","author":"TC Fudyk","year":"1999","unstructured":"Fudyk TC, Maclean IW, Simonsen JN, Njagi EN, Kimani J, Brunham RC, Plummer FA: Genetic diversity and mosaicism at the por locus of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Bacteriol. 1999, 181: 5591-5599.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"key":"1303_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkg034","volume":"51","author":"L Arreaza","year":"2003","unstructured":"Arreaza L, Salcedo C, Alcal\u00e1 B, Berr\u00f3n S, Mart\u00edn E, V\u00e1zquez JA: Antibiotic resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Spain: trends over the last two decades. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2003, 51: 153-156. 10.1093\/jac\/dkg034.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"896","DOI":"10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000099560.11350.1A","volume":"30","author":"LK Ng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ng LK, Martin I, Lau A, the National Gonococcal Surveillance Program Members: Trends of chromosomally mediated antimicrobial resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae in Canada: 1994-1999. Sex Transm Dis. 2003, 30: 896-900. 10.1097\/01.OLQ.0000099560.11350.1A.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.08.036","volume":"22","author":"W Zhu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Zhu W, Thomas CE, Sparling PF: DNA immunization of mice with a plasmid encoding Neisseria gonorrhea PorB protein by intramuscular injection and epidermal particle bombardment. Vaccine. 2004, 22: 660-669. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2003.08.036.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"1303_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1522","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1522-1530.2005","volume":"43","author":"MC Bash","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bash MC, Zhu P, Gulati S, McKnew D, Rice PA, Lynn F: por Variable-region typing by DNA probe hybridization is broadly applicable to epidemiologic studies of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43: 1522-1530. 10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1522-1530.2005.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1303_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1097\/00007435-199107000-00005","volume":"18","author":"L De La Fuente","year":"1991","unstructured":"De La Fuente L, Va'zquez JA: Multilocus enzyme analysis of African type penicillinase-producing Neisseria gonorrhoeae (PPNG) strains isolated in Spain. Sex Transm Dis. 1991, 18: 150-152. 10.1097\/00007435-199107000-00005.","journal-title":"Sex Transm Dis"},{"key":"1303_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06883.x","volume":"119","author":"MJ Gill","year":"1994","unstructured":"Gill MJ, Jayamohan J, Lessing MP, Ison CA: Naturally occurring PIA\/PIB hybrids of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. FEMS Microbiol Lett. 1994, 119: 161-166. 10.1111\/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06883.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Microbiol Lett"},{"key":"1303_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2811-2820.2002","volume":"46","author":"M Olesky","year":"2002","unstructured":"Olesky M, Hobbs M, Nicholas RA: Identification and analysis of amino acid mutations in porin IB that mediate intermediate-level resistance to penicillin and tetracycline in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2002, 46: 2811-2820. 10.1128\/AAC.46.9.2811-2820.2002.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1099\/13500872-141-3-611","volume":"141","author":"KE Hagman","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hagman KE, Pan W, Spratt BG, Balthazar JT, Judd RC, Shafer WM: Resistance of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to antimicrobial hydrophobic agents is modulated by the mtrRCDE efflux system. Microbiology. 1995, 141: 611-622. 10.1099\/13500872-141-3-611.","journal-title":"Microbiology"},{"key":"1303_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01604-06","volume":"51","author":"R Lindberg","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindberg R, Fredlund H, Nicholas R, Unemo M: Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates with reduced susceptibility to cefixime and ceftriaxone: association with genetic polymorphisms in penA, mtrR, porB1b, and ponA. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51: 2117-2122. 10.1128\/AAC.01604-06.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3744","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00304-09","volume":"53","author":"S Zhao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Zhao S, Duncan M, Tomberg J, Davies C, Unemo M, Nicholas RA: Genetics of chromosomally mediated intermediate resistance to ceftriaxone and cefixime in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2009, 53: 3744-3751. 10.1128\/AAC.00304-09.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR51","first-page":"86","volume":"65","author":"N Woodford","year":"1989","unstructured":"Woodford N, Bindayna KM, Easmon CS, et al: Associations between serotype and susceptibility to antibiotics of Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Genitourin Med. 1989, 65: 86-91.","journal-title":"Genitourin Med"},{"key":"1303_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl301","volume":"58","author":"Y Yang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Yang Y, Liao M, Gu W, Bell K, Wu L, Eng NF, Zhang CG, Chen Y, Jolly AM, Dillon JAR: Antimicrobial susceptibility and molecular determinants of quinolone resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates from Shanghai. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2006, 58: 868-872. 10.1093\/jac\/dkl301.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkm544","volume":"61","author":"MM Liao","year":"2008","unstructured":"Liao MM, Bell K, Gu WM, Yang Y, Eng NF, Fu WK, Wu L, Zhang CG, Chen Y, Jolly AM, Dillon JAR: Clusters of circulating Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains and association with antimicrobial resistance in Shanghai. J Antimicrobial Chemother. 2008, 61: 478-87. 10.1093\/jac\/dkm544.","journal-title":"J Antimicrobial Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR54","first-page":"775","volume":"85","author":"LJ Chalkley","year":"1995","unstructured":"Chalkley LJ, van Vuuren S, Ballard RC, Botha PL: Characterisation of penA and tetM resistance genes of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolated in southern Africa--epidemiological monitoring and resistance development. S Afr Med J. 1995, 85: 775-780.","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"1303_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"769","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.3.769-777.2002","volume":"46","author":"PA Ropp","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ropp PA, Hu M, Olesky M, Nicholas RA: Mutations in ponA, the gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 1, and a novel locus, penC, are required for high-level chromosomally mediated penicillin resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother. 2002, 46: 769-777. 10.1128\/AAC.46.3.769-777.2002.","journal-title":"Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4327","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4327-4334.2005","volume":"49","author":"M Hu","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hu M, Nandi S, Davies C, Nicholas RA: High-level chromosomally mediated tetracycline resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae results from a point mutation in the rpsJ gene encoding ribosomal protein S10 in combination with the mtrR and penB resistance determinants. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2005, 49: 4327-4334. 10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4327-4334.2005.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"1303_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01612-08","volume":"47","author":"MM Liao","year":"2009","unstructured":"Liao MM, Helgeson S, Gu WM, Yang Y, Jolly AM, Dillon JAR: Comparison of Neisseria gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing and porB sequence analysis for identification of clusters of N. gonorrhoeae isolates. J Clin Microbiol. 2009, 47: 489-491. 10.1128\/JCM.01612-08.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T11:25:19Z","timestamp":1630495519000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]]},"references-count":57,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1303"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-323","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,11,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"4 February 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"323"}}