{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T16:56:38Z","timestamp":1791305798149,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":8,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1268697600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A Q-fever outbreak occurred in an urban area in the south of the Netherlands in May 2008. The distribution and timing of cases suggested a common source. We studied the spatial relationship between the residence locations of human cases and nearby small ruminant farms, of which one dairy goat farm had experienced abortions due to Q-fever since mid April 2008. A generic geographic information system (GIS) was used to develop a method for source detection in the still evolving major epidemic of Q-fever in the Netherlands.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All notified Q-fever cases in the area were interviewed. Postal codes of cases and of small ruminant farms (size &gt;40 animals) located within 5 kilometres of the cluster area were geo-referenced as point locations in a GIS-model. For each farm, attack rates and relative risks were calculated for 5 concentric zones adding 1 kilometre at a time, using the 5-10 kilometres zone as reference. These data were linked to the results of veterinary investigations.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Persons living within 2 kilometres of an affected dairy goat farm (&gt;400 animals) had a much higher risk for Q-fever than those living more than 5 kilometres away (Relative risk 31.1 [95% CI 16.4-59.1]).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The study supported the hypothesis that a single dairy goat farm was the source of the human outbreak. GIS-based attack rate analysis is a promising tool for source detection in outbreaks of human Q-fever.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]],"date-time":"2010-03-16T07:16:30Z","timestamp":1268723790000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":146,"title":["The use of a geographic information system to identify a dairy goat farm as the most likely source of an urban Q-fever outbreak"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronald","family":"ter Schegget","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marjolijn","family":"Wegdam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lothar","family":"Z\u00fcchner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Arnout","family":"de Bruin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter M","family":"Schneeberger","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thijs","family":"Veenstra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Piet","family":"Vellema","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wim","family":"van der Hoek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"1049_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1283","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001908","volume":"137","author":"I Karagiannis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Karagiannis I, Schimmer B, van Lier A, Timen A, Schneeberger P, van Rotterdam B, de Bruin A, Wijkmans C, Rietveld A, van Duynhoven Y: Investigation of a Q fever outbreak in a rural area of The Netherlands. Epidemiol Infect. 2009, 137: 1283-1294. 10.1017\/S0950268808001908.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"1049_CR2","volume-title":"Euro Surveill","author":"B Schimmer","year":"2008","unstructured":"Schimmer B, Morroy G, Dijkstra F, Schneeberger PM, Weers-Pothoff G, Timen A, Wijkmans C, Hoek van der W: Large ongoing Q fever outbreak in the south of The Netherlands, 2008. Euro Surveill. 2008, 13: pii: 18939"},{"key":"1049_CR3","volume-title":"Euro Surveill","author":"B Schimmer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Schimmer B, Dijkstra F, Vellema P, Schneeberger PM, Hackert V, ter Schegget R, Wijkmans C, van Duynhoven Y, Hoek van der W: Sustained intensive transmission of Q fever in the south of the Netherlands, 2009. Euro Surveill. 2009, 14: pii: 19210"},{"key":"1049_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.09.022","volume":"86","author":"R Van den Brom","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brom Van den R, Vellema P: Q fever outbreaks in small ruminants and people in the Netherlands. Small Ruminant Res. 2009, 86: 74-79. 10.1016\/j.smallrumres.2009.09.022.","journal-title":"Small Ruminant Res"},{"key":"1049_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1264","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1007.030724","volume":"10","author":"H Tissot-Dupont","year":"2004","unstructured":"Tissot-Dupont H, Amadei MA, Nezri M, Raoult D: Wind in November, Q fever in December. 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J Clin Microbiol. 1987, 25: 1063-1067.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"1049_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"286","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00454-09","volume":"17","author":"PM Schneeberger","year":"2010","unstructured":"Schneeberger PM, Hermans MHA, van Hannen EJ, Schellekens JJA, Leenders ACAP, Wever PC: Real-time PCR on serum samples is indispensable for early diagnosis of acute Q-fever. Clin Vaccine Immunol. 2010, 17: 286-290. 10.1128\/CVI.00454-09.","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T04:05:47Z","timestamp":1630469147000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]},"references-count":8,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1049"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-10-69","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,3,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 October 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 March 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"69"}}