{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,5]],"date-time":"2026-03-05T11:52:50Z","timestamp":1772711570246,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]],"date-time":"2011-08-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1314748800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Severe disease caused by 2009 pandemic influenza A\/H1N1virus is characterized by the presence of hypercytokinemia. The origin of the exacerbated cytokine response is unclear. As observed previously, uncontrolled influenza virus replication could strongly influence cytokine production. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between host cytokine responses and viral levels in pandemic influenza critically ill patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Twenty three patients admitted to the ICU with primary viral pneumonia were included in this study. A quantitative PCR based method targeting the M1 influenza gene was developed to quantify pharyngeal viral load. In addition, by using a multiplex based assay, we systematically evaluated host cytokine responses to the viral infection at admission to the ICU. Correlation studies between cytokine levels and viral load were done by calculating the Spearman correlation coefficient.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Fifteen patients needed of intubation and ventilation, while eight did not need of mechanical ventilation during ICU hospitalization. Viral load in pharyngeal swabs was 300 fold higher in the group of patients with the worst respiratory condition at admission to the ICU. Pharyngeal viral load directly correlated with plasma levels of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-6, IL-12p70, IFN-\u03b3, the chemotactic factors MIP-1\u03b2, GM-CSF, the angiogenic mediator VEGF and also of the immuno-modulatory cytokine IL-1ra (p &lt; 0.05). Correlation studies demonstrated also the existence of a significant positive association between the levels of these mediators, evidencing that they are simultaneously regulated in response to the virus.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Severe respiratory disease caused by the 2009 pandemic influenza virus is characterized by the existence of a direct association between viral replication and host cytokine response, revealing a potential pathogenic link with the severe disease caused by other influenza subtypes such as H5N1.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,1]],"date-time":"2011-09-01T01:46:52Z","timestamp":1314841612000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Direct association between pharyngeal viral secretion and host cytokine response in severe pandemic influenza"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Raquel","family":"Almansa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andres","family":"Anton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Ramirez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Martin-Loeches","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Banner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Tom\u00e1s","family":"Pumarola","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luoling","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jes\u00fas","family":"Blanco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Longsi","family":"Ran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guillermo","family":"Lopez-Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando","family":"Martin-Sanchez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Socias","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Loza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Andaluz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Enrique","family":"Maravi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00f3nica","family":"Gord\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria C","family":"Gallegos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Victoria","family":"Fernandez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cristobal","family":"Le\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pedro","family":"Merino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maria \u00c1ngeles","family":"Marcos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Gand\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Felipe","family":"Bobillo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Salvador","family":"Resino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jose M\u00aa","family":"Eiros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carmen","family":"Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paula","family":"Mateo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Milagros","family":"Gonzalez-Rivera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jordi","family":"Rello","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Raul Ortiz","family":"de Lejarazu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David J","family":"Kelvin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesus F","family":"Bermejo-Martin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"reference":[{"issue":"18","key":"1567_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1000449","volume":"362","author":"E Bautista","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bautista E, Chotpitayasunondh T, Gao Z, Harper SA, Shaw M, Uyeki TM, Zaki SR, Hayden FG, Hui DS, Kettner JD, et al: Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2010, 362 (18): 1708-1719.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"1567_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"945","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318208ee12","volume":"39","author":"E Maravi-Poma","year":"2011","unstructured":"Maravi-Poma E, Martin-Loeches I, Regidor E, Laplaza C, Cambra K, Aldunate S, Guerrero JE, Loza-Vazquez A, Arnau E, Almirall J, et al: Severe 2009 H1N1 influenza in pregnant women in Spain. Crit Care Med. 2011, 39 (5): 945-951. 10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318208ee12.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"1567_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1086\/650581","volume":"50","author":"KK To","year":"2010","unstructured":"To KK, Hung IF, Li IW, Lee KL, Koo CK, Yan WW, Liu R, Ho KY, Chu KH, Watt CL, et al: Delayed clearance of viral load and marked cytokine activation in severe cases of pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza virus infection. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 50 (6): 850-859. 10.1086\/650581.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"1567_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1160","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03399.x","volume":"17","author":"M Giannella","year":"2010","unstructured":"Giannella M, Alonso M, Garcia de Viedma D, Roa PL, Catalan P, Padilla B, Munoz P, Bouza E: Prolonged viral shedding in pandemic influenza A(H1N1): clinical significance and viral load analysis in hospitalized patients. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010, 17: 1160-1165.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"1567_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1722","volume":"16","author":"N Lee","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lee N, Chan PK, Wong CK, Wong KT, Choi KW, Joynt GM, Lam P, Chan MC, Wong BC, Lui GC, et al: Viral clearance and inflammatory response patterns in adults hospitalized for pandemic 2009 influenza A(H1N1) virus pneumonia. Antivir Ther. 2011, 16 (2): 237-247. 10.3851\/IMP1722.","journal-title":"Antivir Ther"},{"issue":"1","key":"1567_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3283427259","volume":"17","author":"C Ramsey","year":"2011","unstructured":"Ramsey C, Kumar A: H1N1: viral pneumonia as a cause of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Curr Opin Crit Care. 2011, 17 (1): 64-71. 10.1097\/MCC.0b013e3283427259.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1567_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R201","DOI":"10.1186\/cc8208","volume":"13","author":"JF Bermejo-Martin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bermejo-Martin JF, Ortiz de Lejarazu R, Pumarola T, Rello J, Almansa R, Ramirez P, Martin-Loeches I, Varillas D, Gallegos MC, Seron C, et al: Th1 and Th17 hypercytokinemia as early host response signature in severe pandemic influenza. Crit Care. 2009, 13 (6): R201-10.1186\/cc8208.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"1567_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R203","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9324","volume":"14","author":"N Hagau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hagau N, Slavcovici A, Gonganau DN, Oltean S, Dirzu DS, Brezoszki ES, Maxim M, Ciuce C, Mlesnite M, Gavrus RL, et al: Clinical aspects and cytokines response in severe H1N1 influenza A virus infection. Crit Care. 2010, 14 (6): R203-10.1186\/cc9324.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"1567_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3455","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0813234106","volume":"106","author":"CR Baskin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Baskin CR, Bielefeldt-Ohmann H, Tumpey TM, Sabourin PJ, Long JP, Garcia-Sastre A, Tolnay AE, Albrecht R, Pyles JA, Olson PH, et al: Early and sustained innate immune response defines pathology and death in nonhuman primates infected by highly pathogenic influenza virus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2009, 106 (9): 3455-3460. 10.1073\/pnas.0813234106.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"issue":"4","key":"1567_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coi.2010.06.003","volume":"22","author":"JS Peiris","year":"2010","unstructured":"Peiris JS, Hui KP, Yen HL: Host response to influenza virus: protection versus immunopathology. Curr Opin Immunol. 2010, 22 (4): 475-481. 10.1016\/j.coi.2010.06.003.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"16","key":"1567_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8692","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00527-07","volume":"81","author":"MJ Cameron","year":"2007","unstructured":"Cameron MJ, Ran L, Xu L, Danesh A, Bermejo-Martin JF, Cameron CM, Muller MP, Gold WL, Richardson SE, Poutanen SM, et al: Interferon-mediated immunopathological events are associated with atypical innate and adaptive immune responses in patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome. J Virol. 2007, 81 (16): 8692-8706. 10.1128\/JVI.00527-07.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"22","key":"1567_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11308","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.00691-08","volume":"82","author":"CM Cameron","year":"2008","unstructured":"Cameron CM, Cameron MJ, Bermejo-Martin JF, Ran L, Xu L, Turner PV, Ran R, Danesh A, Fang Y, Chan PK, et al: Gene expression analysis of host innate immune responses during Lethal H5N1 infection in ferrets. J Virol. 2008, 82 (22): 11308-11317. 10.1128\/JVI.00691-08.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"10","key":"1567_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1477","volume":"12","author":"MD de Jong","year":"2006","unstructured":"de Jong MD, Simmons CP, Thanh TT, Hien VM, Smith GJ, Chau TN, Hoang DM, Chau NV, Khanh TH, Dong VC, et al: Fatal outcome of human influenza A (H5N1) is associated with high viral load and hypercytokinemia. Nat Med. 2006, 12 (10): 1203-1207. 10.1038\/nm1477.","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"1567_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.06.002","volume":"152","author":"K Suwannakarn","year":"2008","unstructured":"Suwannakarn K, Payungporn S, Chieochansin T, Samransamruajkit R, Amonsin A, Songserm T, Chaisingh A, Chamnanpood P, Chutinimitkul S, Theamboonlers A, et al: Typing (A\/B) and subtyping (H1\/H3\/H5) of influenza A viruses by multiplex real-time RT-PCR assays. J Virol Methods. 2008, 152 (1-2): 25-31. 10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.06.002.","journal-title":"J Virol Methods"},{"key":"1567_CR15","first-page":"160","volume-title":"American Society for Microbiology","author":"BA Lennette ET","year":"1985","unstructured":"Lennette ET BA, Hansler WJ, Shadomy HJ: Manual of Clinical Microbiology, Washington, DC. American Society for Microbiology. 1985, 160-200."},{"key":"1567_CR16","volume-title":"US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia","author":"AP Kendal","year":"1982","unstructured":"Kendal AP, P M, Skehel JJ: Concepts and procedures for laboratory-based influenza surveillance. US Department of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia. 1982"},{"issue":"5","key":"1567_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R167","DOI":"10.1186\/cc9259","volume":"14","author":"JF Bermejo-Martin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Bermejo-Martin JF, Martin-Loeches I, Rello J, Anton A, Almansa R, Xu L, Lopez-Campos G, Pumarola T, Ran L, Ramirez P, et al: Host adaptive immunity deficiency in severe pandemic influenza. Crit Care. 2010, 14 (5): R167-10.1186\/cc9259.","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"1567_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1086\/600383","volume":"200","author":"N Lee","year":"2009","unstructured":"Lee N, Chan PK, Hui DS, Rainer TH, Wong E, Choi KW, Lui GC, Wong BC, Wong RY, Lam WY, et al: Viral loads and duration of viral shedding in adult patients hospitalized with influenza. J Infect Dis. 2009, 200 (4): 492-500. 10.1086\/600383.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1567_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1097\/00001432-200306000-00002","volume":"16","author":"RM Strieter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Strieter RM, Belperio JA, Keane MP: Host innate defenses in the lung: the role of cytokines. Curr Opin Infect Dis. 2003, 16 (3): 193-198. 10.1097\/00001432-200306000-00002.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"1567_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms11030789","volume":"11","author":"T Hamza","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hamza T, Barnett JB, Li B: Interleukin 12 a key immunoregulatory cytokine in infection applications. Int J Mol Sci. 2010, 11 (3): 789-806. 10.3390\/ijms11030789.","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1567_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.07.243","volume":"25","author":"ND Powell","year":"2011","unstructured":"Powell ND, Mays JW, Bailey MT, Hanke ML, Sheridan JF: Immunogenic dendritic cells primed by social defeat enhance adaptive immunity to influenza A virus. Brain Behav Immun. 2011, 25 (1): 46-52. 10.1016\/j.bbi.2010.07.243.","journal-title":"Brain Behav Immun"},{"issue":"2","key":"1567_CR22","first-page":"92","volume":"21","author":"G Pavlisa","year":"2010","unstructured":"Pavlisa G, Pavlisa G, Kusec V, Kolonic SO, Markovic AS, Jaksic B: Serum levels of VEGF and bFGF in hypoxic patients with exacerbated COPD. Eur Cytokine Netw. 2010, 21 (2): 92-98.","journal-title":"Eur Cytokine Netw"},{"issue":"1","key":"1567_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.126.1.186","volume":"126","author":"MM Kilani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kilani MM, Mohammed KA, Nasreen N, Hardwick JA, Kaplan MH, Tepper RS, Antony VB: Respiratory syncytial virus causes increased bronchial epithelial permeability. Chest. 2004, 126 (1): 186-191. 10.1378\/chest.126.1.186.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"7","key":"1567_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4393","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M608993200","volume":"282","author":"N Venteclef","year":"2007","unstructured":"Venteclef N, Delerive P: Interleukin-1 receptor antagonist induction as an additional mechanism for liver receptor homolog-1 to negatively regulate the hepatic acute phase response. J Biol Chem. 2007, 282 (7): 4393-4399.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"1567_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.V100.1.230","volume":"100","author":"M Ratta","year":"2002","unstructured":"Ratta M, Fagnoni F, Curti A, Vescovini R, Sansoni P, Oliviero B, Fogli M, Ferri E, Della Cuna GR, Tura S, et al: Dendritic cells are functionally defective in multiple myeloma: the role of interleukin-6. Blood. 2002, 100 (1): 230-237. 10.1182\/blood.V100.1.230.","journal-title":"Blood"},{"issue":"5","key":"1567_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1086\/655469","volume":"202","author":"C Agrati","year":"2010","unstructured":"Agrati C, Gioia C, Lalle E, Cimini E, Castilletti C, Armignacco O, Lauria FN, Ferraro F, Antonini M, Ippolito G, et al: Association of profoundly impaired immune competence in H1N1v-infected patients with a severe or fatal clinical course. J Infect Dis. 2010, 202 (5): 681-689. 10.1086\/655469.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"1567_CR27","first-page":"RA7","volume":"11","author":"N Uchide","year":"2005","unstructured":"Uchide N, Ohyama K, Bessho T, Toyoda H: Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokine gene expression and apoptosis in human chorion cells of fetal membranes by influenza virus infection: possible implications for maintenance and interruption of pregnancy during infection. Med Sci Monit. 2005, 11 (1): RA7-16.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"issue":"2","key":"1567_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02895.x","volume":"126","author":"AG Smith","year":"2009","unstructured":"Smith AG, Sheridan PA, Tseng RJ, Sheridan JF, Beck MA: Selective impairment in dendritic cell function and altered antigen-specific CD8+ T-cell responses in diet-induced obese mice infected with influenza virus. Immunology. 2009, 126 (2): 268-279. 10.1111\/j.1365-2567.2008.02895.x.","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"issue":"8","key":"1567_CR29","first-page":"2771","volume":"118","author":"MJ Kang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kang MJ, Lee CG, Lee JY, Dela Cruz CS, Chen ZJ, Enelow R, Elias JA: Cigarette smoke selectively enhances viral PAMP- and virus-induced pulmonary innate immune and remodeling responses in mice. J Clin Invest. 2008, 118 (8): 2771-2784.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"5","key":"1567_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-1850-4","volume":"36","author":"T Jaecklin","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jaecklin T, Otulakowski G, Kavanagh BP: Do soluble mediators cause ventilator-induced lung injury and multi-organ failure?. Intensive Care Med. 2010, 36 (5): 750-757. 10.1007\/s00134-010-1850-4.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"1567_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-010-2078-z","volume":"37","author":"I Martin-Loeches","year":"2011","unstructured":"Martin-Loeches I, Lisboa T, Rhodes A, Moreno RP, Silva E, Sprung C, Chiche JD, Barahona D, Villabon M, Balasini C, et al: Use of early corticosteroid therapy on ICU admission in patients affected by severe pandemic (H1N1)v influenza A infection. Intensive Care Med. 2011, 37 (2): 272-283. 10.1007\/s00134-010-2078-z.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"1567_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1207","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201101-0110OC","volume":"183","author":"SH Kim","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kim SH, Hong SB, Yun SC, Choi WI, Ahn JJ, Lee YJ, Lee HB, Lim CM, Koh Y: Corticosteroid treatment in critically ill patients with pandemic influenza A\/H1N1 2009 infection: analytic strategy using propensity scores. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2011, 183 (9): 1207-1214. 10.1164\/rccm.201101-0110OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"1567_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kilander A, Rykkvin R, Dudman SG, Hungnes O: Observed association between the HA1 mutation D222G in the 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus and severe clinical outcome, Norway 2009-2010. Euro Surveill. 2010, 15 (9):","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.09.19498-en"},{"issue":"4","key":"1567_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03341.x","volume":"17","author":"SJ Drews","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drews SJ, Pabbaraju K, Wong S, Tokaryk KL, May-Hadford J, Lee B, Tellier R, Louie M: Surveillance of autopsy cases for the D222G substitutions in the haemagglutinin (HA) protein of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus in Alberta, Canada. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2010, 17 (4): 582-584.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T15:51:35Z","timestamp":1630511495000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1567"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-11-232","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,8,31]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 May 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"31 August 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"232"}}