{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,25]],"date-time":"2026-09-25T23:53:22Z","timestamp":1790380402692,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,2]],"date-time":"2012-04-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1333324800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Although <jats:italic>Chlamydia trachomatis<\/jats:italic> is the most commonly reported pathogen that causes urogenital infection such as urethritis or cervicitis, <jats:italic>Ureaplasma parvum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Ureaplasma urealyticum<\/jats:italic>, which are commensals in the genital tract, have also now been recognized as contributors to urogenital infection. However, whether the presence of either <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> is related to that of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> in the urogenital tract remains unknown. We therefore attempted to estimate by PCR the prevalence of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis, U. parvum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> in endocervical samples obtained from healthy women attending their first prenatal visit in Sapporo, Japan.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The samples were taken from 303 apparently healthy women, and the extracted DNAs (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 280) were used for PCR detection targeting <jats:italic>C. trachomatis, U. parvum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic>. Statistical analysis of the data was performed by Fisher's exact test.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>PCR detection revealed that the prevalence of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis, U. parvum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> was 14.3% (40\/280), 41.7% (117\/280) and 8.9% (25\/280), respectively. <jats:italic>C. trachomatis ompA<\/jats:italic> genotype D was most frequently identified. Surprisingly, either <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> spp. was detected in almost half of the healthy women. Mixed infection of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> with either <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> was also observed in 9.2% (26\/280) of the women. There was a significant association between <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> and either <jats:italic>U. parvum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.023) or <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> total (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013), but not <jats:italic>U. urealyticum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.275).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study demonstrated that the presence of <jats:italic>Ureaplasma<\/jats:italic> had a significant effect on the presence of <jats:italic>C. trachomatis<\/jats:italic> in the genital tract of healthy women, suggesting that mixed infection is an important factor in bacterial pathogenesis in the genital tract.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-82","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,3]],"date-time":"2012-04-03T00:13:57Z","timestamp":1333412037000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Frequency of Chlamydia trachomatis in Ureaplasma-positive healthy women attending their first prenatal visit in a community hospital in Sapporo, Japan"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tomohiro","family":"Yamazaki","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Megumi","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junji","family":"Matsuo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Abe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Minami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Yamaguchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,4,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"1763_CR1","volume-title":"Global Prevalence and incidence of Curable Stis","author":"WHO","year":"2001","unstructured":"WHO: Global Prevalence and incidence of Curable Stis. 2001, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"key":"1763_CR2","volume-title":"Priority eye diseases","author":"WHO","year":"2008","unstructured":"WHO: Priority eye diseases. 2008, [WWW document]. 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