{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,4]],"date-time":"2026-10-04T08:18:31Z","timestamp":1791101911180,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,26]],"date-time":"2013-01-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359158400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Bacterial vaginosis (BV), which is highly prevalent in the African population, is one of the most common vaginal syndromes affecting women in their reproductive age placing them at increased risk for sexually transmitted diseases including infection by human immunodeficiency virus-1. The vaginal microbiota of a healthy woman is often dominated by the species belonging to the genus <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> namely <jats:italic>L. crispatus, L. gasseri, L. jensenii<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. iners,<\/jats:italic> which have been extensively studied in European populations, albeit less so in South African women. In this study, we have therefore identified the vaginal <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species in a group of 40 African women from Soweto, a township on the outskirts of Johannesburg, South Africa.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Identification was done by cultivating the lactobacilli on Rogosa agar, de Man-Rogosa-Sharpe (MRS) and Blood agar plates with 5% horse blood followed by sequencing of the 16S ribosomal DNA. BV was diagnosed on the basis of Nugent scores. Since some of the previous studies have shown that the lack of vaginal hydrogen peroxide (H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>) producing lactobacilli is associated with bacterial vaginosis, the <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> isolates were also characterised for their production of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Cultivable <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species were identified in 19 out of 21 women without BV, in three out of five women with intermediate microbiota and in eight out of 14 women with BV. We observed that <jats:italic>L. crispatus, L. iners, L. jensenii, L. gasseri<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>L. vaginalis<\/jats:italic> were the predominant species. The presence of <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> was associated with normal vaginal microbiota (P = 0.024). High level of H<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>O<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> producing lactobacilli were more often isolated from women with normal microbiota than from the women with BV, although not to a statistically significant degree (P = 0.064).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The vaginal <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic> species isolated from the cohort of South African women are similar to those identified in European populations. In accordance with the other published studies, <jats:italic>L. crispatus<\/jats:italic> is related to a normal vaginal microbiota. Hydrogen peroxide production was not significantly associated to the BV status which could be attributed to the limited number of samples or to other antimicrobial factors that might be involved.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-43","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,26]],"date-time":"2013-01-26T15:14:15Z","timestamp":1359213255000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":68,"title":["Identification and characterisation of vaginal lactobacilli from South African women"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Sonal","family":"Pendharkar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tebogo","family":"Magopane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Per-G\u00f6ran","family":"Larsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Guy de","family":"Bruyn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Glenda E","family":"Gray","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lennart","family":"Hammarstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harold","family":"Marcotte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"2325_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1086\/315109","volume":"180","author":"MA Antonio","year":"1999","unstructured":"Antonio MA, Hawes SE, Hillier SL: The identification of vaginal Lactobacillus species and the demographic and microbiologic characteristics of women colonized by these species. 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