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Limited research has been done on antibiotic resistance in <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> of Indian children at community level. Therefore we studied antibiotic resistance patterns in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from stool samples of children aged 3-14\u00a0years from Ujjain, Central India, to investigate associations of resistance with demographic variables.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Children, 3-14\u00a0years of age, were included from 30 randomly selected villages of Palwa demographic surveillance site, Ujjain, India. Parents were interviewed using a questionnaire, and stool samples were collected from participating children. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> were isolated from stool samples (n\u2009=\u2009529), and susceptibility testing to 18 different antibiotics was done using standard methods.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The proportions of isolates resistant to various antibiotics were, nalidixic acid, (45%), tetracycline (37%), ampicillin (37%), sulfamethoxazole\/trimethoprim (29%) and amoxicillin\/clavulanic acid (29%). No isolates were resistant to imipenem. Overall, 72% of isolates were resistant to at least one antibiotic and 33% were multi-drug resistant. High rates of cross-resistance were seen for 15 (83%) of the antibiotics studied. <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> isolates from children with literate mothers were more resistant to penicillins and fluoroquinolones. ESBL-producers comprised 9% of the isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Antibiotic resistance and cross-resistance were common in <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> from stools of children. Resistance rates were associated with maternal literacy.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-477","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]],"date-time":"2013-10-14T15:00:51Z","timestamp":1381762851000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Antibiotic resistance among Escherichia coli isolates from stool samples of children aged 3 to 14\u00a0years from Ujjain, India"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Pragya","family":"Shakya","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Barrett","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vishal","family":"Diwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yogyata","family":"Marothi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Harshada","family":"Shah","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neeraj","family":"Chhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashok J","family":"Tamhankar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ashish","family":"Pathak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecilia St\u00e5lsby","family":"Lundborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,10,14]]},"reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"2683_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1615\/CritRevImmunol.v30.i1.60","volume":"30","author":"T Gootz","year":"2010","unstructured":"Gootz T: The global problem of antibiotic resistance. 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