{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T13:02:12Z","timestamp":1762866132005},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1359504000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The role of HIV-1 RNA in the emergence of resistance to antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) is well documented while less is known about the role of historical viruses stored in the proviral DNA. The primary focus of this work was to characterize the genetic diversity and evolution of HIV drug resistant variants in an individual\u2019s provirus during antiretroviral therapy using next generation sequencing.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Blood samples were collected prior to antiretroviral therapy exposure and during the course of treatment from five patients in whom drug resistance mutations had previously been identified using consensus sequencing. The spectrum of viral variants present in the provirus at each sampling time-point were characterized using 454 pyrosequencing from multiple combined PCR products. The prevalence of viral variants containing drug resistant mutations (DRMs) was characterized at each time-point.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Low abundance drug resistant viruses were identified in 14 of 15 sampling time-points from the five patients. In all individuals DRMs against current therapy were identified at one or more of the sampling time-points. In two of the five individuals studied these DRMs were present prior to treatment exposure and were present at high prevalence within the amplified and sequenced viral population. DRMs to drugs other than those being currently used were identified in four of the five individuals.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The presence of DRMs in the provirus, regardless of their observed prevalence did not appear to have an effect on clinical outcomes in the short term suggesting that the drug resistant viral variants present in the proviral DNA do not appear to play a role in the short term in facilitating the emergence of drug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]],"date-time":"2013-01-30T15:15:08Z","timestamp":1359558908000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Characterizing the emergence and persistence of drug resistant mutations in HIV-1 subtype C infections using 454 ultra deep pyrosequencing"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Vijay","family":"Bansode","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Grace P","family":"McCormack","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia C","family":"Crampin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bagrey","family":"Ngwira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ram K","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Neil","family":"French","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Judith R","family":"Glynn","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Simon A","family":"Travers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"43","key":"2254_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16725","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0804192105","volume":"105","author":"B Joos","year":"2008","unstructured":"Joos B, Fischer M, Kuster H, Pillai SK, Wong JK, Boni J, Hirschel B, Weber R, Trkola A, Gunthard HF: HIV rebounds from latently infected cells, rather than from continuing low-level replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2008, 105 (43): 16725-16730. 10.1073\/pnas.0804192105.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"4","key":"2254_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.01.005","volume":"34","author":"S Boucher","year":"2005","unstructured":"Boucher S, Recordon-Pinson P, Neau D, Ragnaud JM, Titier K, Faure M, Fleury H, Masquelier B: Clonal analysis of HIV-1 variants in proviral DNA during treatment interruption in patients with multiple therapy failures. J Clin Virol. 2005, 34 (4): 288-294. 10.1016\/j.jcv.2005.01.005.","journal-title":"J Clin Virol"},{"issue":"11","key":"2254_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00002","volume":"13","author":"F Garcia","year":"1999","unstructured":"Garcia F, Plana M, Vidal C, Cruceta A, O'Brien WA, Pantaleo G, Pumarola T, Gallart T, Miro JM, Gatell JM: Dynamics of viral load rebound and immunological changes after stopping effective antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London, England). 1999, 13 (11): 79-86. 10.1097\/00002030-199907300-00002.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"8","key":"2254_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00715.x","volume":"10","author":"L Palmisano","year":"2009","unstructured":"Palmisano L, Giuliano M, Galluzzo CM, Amici R, Andreotti M, Weimer LE, Pirillo MF, Fragola V, Bucciardini R, Vella S: The mutational archive in proviral DNA does not change during 24 months of continuous or intermittent highly active antiretroviral therapy. HIV Med. 2009, 10 (8): 477-481. 10.1111\/j.1468-1293.2009.00715.x.","journal-title":"HIV Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"2254_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq544","volume":"66","author":"M Wirden","year":"2011","unstructured":"Wirden M, Soulie C, Valantin MA, Fourati S, Simon A, Lambert-Niclot S, Bonmarchand M, Clavel-Osorio C, Marcelin AG, Katlama C, et al: Historical HIV-RNA resistance test results are more informative than proviral DNA genotyping in cases of suppressed or residual viraemia. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2011, 66 (4): 709-712. 10.1093\/jac\/dkq544.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"2254_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2010.0203","volume":"27","author":"V Bansode","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bansode V, Drebert ZJ, Travers SA, Banda E, Molesworth A, Crampin A, Ngwira B, French N, Glynn JR, McCormack GP: Drug resistance mutations in drug-naive HIV type 1 subtype C-infected individuals from rural Malawi. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 2011, 27 (4): 439-444. 10.1089\/aid.2010.0203.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"1","key":"2254_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/1742-6405-8-38","volume":"8","author":"VB Bansode","year":"2011","unstructured":"Bansode VB, Travers SA, Crampin AC, Ngwira B, French N, Glynn JR, McCormack GP: Reverse Transcriptase drug resistance mutations in HIV-1 Subtype C infected patients on ART in Karonga District, Malawi. AIDS Res Ther. 2011, 8 (1): 38-10.1186\/1742-6405-8-38.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Ther"},{"issue":"2","key":"2254_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000202650.03279.69","volume":"20","author":"B Roquebert","year":"2006","unstructured":"Roquebert B, Malet I, Wirden M, Tubiana R, Valantin MA, Simon A, Katlama C, Peytavin G, Calvez V, Marcelin AG: Role of HIV-1 minority populations on resistance mutational pattern evolution and susceptibility to protease inhibitors. AIDS (London, England). 2006, 20 (2): 287-289. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000202650.03279.69.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"1","key":"2254_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"406","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.1.406-413.2005","volume":"43","author":"S Palmer","year":"2005","unstructured":"Palmer S, Kearney M, Maldarelli F, Halvas EK, Bixby CJ, Bazmi H, Rock D, Falloon J, Davey RT, Dewar RL, et al: Multiple, linked human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance mutations in treatment-experienced patients are missed by standard genotype analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43 (1): 406-413. 10.1128\/JCM.43.1.406-413.2005.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR10","first-page":"662","volume":"201","author":"R Paredes","year":"2010","unstructured":"Paredes R, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, Schackman BR, Shikuma C, Giguel F, Meyer WA, Johnson VA, Fiscus SA, D'Aquila RT, et al: Pre-existing minority drug-resistant HIV-1 variants, adherence, and risk of antiretroviral treatment failure. J Infect Dis. 2010, 201 (5): 662-671.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"2254_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e158","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050158","volume":"5","author":"JA Johnson","year":"2008","unstructured":"Johnson JA, Li JF, Wei X, Lipscomb J, Irlbeck D, Craig C, Smith A, Bennett DE, Monsour M, Sandstrom P, et al: Minority HIV-1 drug resistance mutations are present in antiretroviral treatment-naive populations and associate with reduced treatment efficacy. PLoS Med. 2008, 5 (7): e158-10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050158.","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1086\/596736","volume":"199","author":"BB Simen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Simen BB, Simons JF, Hullsiek KH, Novak RM, Macarthur RD, Baxter JD, Huang C, Lubeski C, Turenchalk GS, Braverman MS, et al: Low-abundance drug-resistant viral variants in chronically HIV-infected, antiretroviral treatment-naive patients significantly impact treatment outcomes. J Infect Dis. 2009, 199 (5): 693-701. 10.1086\/596736.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"2254_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1086\/595703","volume":"48","author":"KJ Metzner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Metzner KJ, Giulieri SG, Knoepfel SA, Rauch P, Burgisser P, Yerly S, Gunthard HF, Cavassini M: Minority quasispecies of drug-resistant HIV-1 that lead to early therapy failure in treatment-naive and -adherent patients. Clin Infect Dis. 2009, 48 (2): 239-247. 10.1086\/595703.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"2254_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1086\/528802","volume":"197","author":"DR Kuritzkes","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kuritzkes DR, Lalama CM, Ribaudo HJ, Marcial M, Meyer WA, Shikuma C, Johnson VA, Fiscus SA, D'Aquila RT, Schackman BR, et al: Preexisting resistance to nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitors predicts virologic failure of an efavirenz-based regimen in treatment-naive HIV-1-infected subjects. J Infect Dis. 2008, 197 (6): 867-870. 10.1086\/528802.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR15","first-page":"672","volume":"201","author":"EK Halvas","year":"2010","unstructured":"Halvas EK, Wiegand A, Boltz VF, Kearney M, Nissley D, Wantman M, Hammer SM, Palmer S, Vaida F, Coffin JM, et al: Low frequency nonnucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor-resistant variants contribute to failure of efavirenz-containing regimens in treatment- experienced patients. J Infect Dis. 2010, 201 (5): 672-680.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000216370.69066.7f","volume":"20","author":"S Palmer","year":"2006","unstructured":"Palmer S, Boltz V, Maldarelli F, Kearney M, Halvas EK, Rock D, Falloon J, Davey RT, Dewar RL, Metcalf JA, et al: Selection and persistence of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor-resistant HIV-1 in patients starting and stopping non-nucleoside therapy. AIDS (London, England). 2006, 20 (5): 701-710. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000216370.69066.7f.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"4","key":"2254_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1086\/650001","volume":"50","author":"MR Jakobsen","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jakobsen MR, Tolstrup M, Sogaard OS, Jorgensen LB, Gorry PR, Laursen A, Ostergaard L: Transmission of HIV-1 drug-resistant variants: prevalence and effect on treatment outcome. Clin Infect Dis. 2010, 50 (4): 566-573. 10.1086\/650001.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"2254_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1417","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283034953","volume":"22","author":"O Peuchant","year":"2008","unstructured":"Peuchant O, Thiebaut R, Capdepont S, Lavignolle-Aurillac V, Neau D, Morlat P, Dabis F, Fleury H, Masquelier B: Transmission of HIV-1 minority-resistant variants and response to first-line antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London, England). 2008, 22 (12): 1417-1423. 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e3283034953.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"key":"2254_CR19","volume-title":"Geneious v5.1","author":"AB Drummond AJ","year":"2010","unstructured":"Drummond AJ AB, Buxton S, Cheung M, Cooper A, Heled J, Kearse M, Moir R, Stones-Havas S, Sturrock S, Thierer T, Wilson A: Geneious v5.1. 2010, Available from http:\/\/www.geneious.com."},{"issue":"12","key":"2254_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001022","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001022","volume":"6","author":"J Archer","year":"2010","unstructured":"Archer J, Rambaut A, Taillon BE, Harrigan PR, Lewis M, Robertson DL: The evolutionary analysis of emerging low frequency HIV-1 CXCR4 using variants through time\u2013an ultra-deep approach. PLoS Comput Biol. 2010, 6 (12): e1001022-10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1001022.","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e36494","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036494","volume":"7","author":"DM Dudley","year":"2012","unstructured":"Dudley DM, Chin EN, Bimber BN, Sanabani SS, Tarosso LF, Costa PR, Sauer MM, Kallas EG, O'Connor DH: Low-cost ultra-wide genotyping using Roche\/454 pyrosequencing for surveillance of HIV drug resistance. PLoS One. 2012, 7 (5): e36494-10.1371\/journal.pone.0036494.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"610","DOI":"10.1086\/596737","volume":"199","author":"RW Shafer","year":"2009","unstructured":"Shafer RW: Low-abundance drug-resistant HIV-1 variants: finding significance in an era of abundant diagnostic and therapeutic options. J Infect Dis. 2009, 199 (5): 610-612. 10.1086\/596737.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"2254_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3559","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3559-3565.2003","volume":"41","author":"K Korn","year":"2003","unstructured":"Korn K, Reil H, Walter H, Schmidt B: Quality control trial for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 drug resistance testing using clinical samples reveals problems with detecting minority species and interpretation of test results. J Clin Microbiol. 2003, 41 (8): 3559-3565. 10.1128\/JCM.41.8.3559-3565.2003.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"2254_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.1998.14.869","volume":"14","author":"HF Gunthard","year":"1998","unstructured":"Gunthard HF, Wong JK, Ignacio CC, Havlir DV, Richman DD: Comparative performance of high-density oligonucleotide sequencing and dideoxynucleotide sequencing of HIV type 1 pol from clinical samples. AIDS Res Hum Retrovir. 1998, 14 (10): 869-876. 10.1089\/aid.1998.14.869.","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retrovir"},{"issue":"2","key":"2254_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1097\/00126334-199910010-00001","volume":"22","author":"K Van Laethem","year":"1999","unstructured":"Van Laethem K, Van Vaerenbergh K, Schmit JC, Sprecher S, Hermans P, De Vroey V, Schuurman R, Harrer T, Witvrouw M, Van Wijngaerden E, et al: Phenotypic assays and sequencing are less sensitive than point mutation assays for detection of resistance in mixed HIV-1 genotypic populations. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1999, 22 (2): 107-118.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"issue":"50","key":"2254_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20166","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1110064108","volume":"108","author":"CB Jabara","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jabara CB, Jones CD, Roach J, Anderson JA, Swanstrom R: Accurate sampling and deep sequencing of the HIV-1 protease gene using a Primer ID. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2011, 108 (50): 20166-20171. 10.1073\/pnas.1110064108.","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"7","key":"2254_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e11345","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0011345","volume":"5","author":"C Hedskog","year":"2010","unstructured":"Hedskog C, Mild M, Jernberg J, Sherwood E, Bratt G, Leitner T, Lundeberg J, Andersson B, Albert J: Dynamics of HIV-1 quasispecies during antiviral treatment dissected using ultra-deep pyrosequencing. PLoS One. 2010, 5 (7): e11345-10.1371\/journal.pone.0011345.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"2254_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1195","DOI":"10.1101\/gr.6468307","volume":"17","author":"C Wang","year":"2007","unstructured":"Wang C, Mitsuya Y, Gharizadeh B, Ronaghi M, Shafer RW: Characterization of mutation spectra with ultra-deep pyrosequencing: application to HIV-1 drug resistance. Genome research. 2007, 17 (8): 1195-1201. 10.1101\/gr.6468307.","journal-title":"Genome research"},{"issue":"3","key":"2254_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181bca669","volume":"52","author":"V Varghese","year":"2009","unstructured":"Varghese V, Shahriar R, Rhee SY, Liu T, Simen BB, Egholm M, Hanczaruk B, Blake LA, Gharizadeh B, Babrzadeh F, et al: Minority variants associated with transmitted and acquired HIV-1 nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance: implications for the use of second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors. J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999). 2009, 52 (3): 309-315. 10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181bca669.","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr (1999)"},{"issue":"6","key":"2254_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6079","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006079","volume":"4","author":"T Le","year":"2009","unstructured":"Le T, Chiarella J, Simen BB, Hanczaruk B, Egholm M, Landry ML, Dieckhaus K, Rosen MI, Kozal MJ: Low-abundance HIV drug-resistant viral variants in treatment-experienced persons correlate with historical antiretroviral use. PLoS One. 2009, 4 (6): e6079-10.1371\/journal.pone.0006079.","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"2254_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4182","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00714-06","volume":"50","author":"F Doualla-Bell","year":"2006","unstructured":"Doualla-Bell F, Avalos A, Brenner B, Gaolathe T, Mine M, Gaseitsiwe S, Oliveira M, Moisi D, Ndwapi N, Moffat H, et al: High prevalence of the K65R mutation in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype C isolates from infected patients in Botswana treated with didanosine-based regimens. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2006, 50 (12): 4182-4185. 10.1128\/AAC.00714-06.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9","key":"2254_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832ac34e","volume":"23","author":"MC Hosseinipour","year":"2009","unstructured":"Hosseinipour MC, van Oosterhout JJ, Weigel R, Phiri S, Kamwendo D, Parkin N, Fiscus SA, Nelson JA, Eron JJ, Kumwenda J: The public health approach to identify antiretroviral therapy failure: high-level nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance among Malawians failing first-line antiretroviral therapy. AIDS (London, England). 2009, 23 (9): 1127-1134. 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32832ac34e.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"9","key":"2254_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1097\/01.aids.0000232228.88511.0b","volume":"20","author":"BG Brenner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brenner BG, Oliveira M, Doualla-Bell F, Moisi DD, Ntemgwa M, Frankel F, Essex M, Wainberg MA: HIV-1 subtype C viruses rapidly develop K65R resistance to tenofovir in cell culture. AIDS (London, England). 2006, 20 (9): 9-13. 10.1097\/01.aids.0000232228.88511.0b.","journal-title":"AIDS (London, England)"},{"issue":"5","key":"2254_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20208","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0020208","volume":"6","author":"D Coutsinos","year":"2011","unstructured":"Coutsinos D, Invernizzi CF, Moisi D, Oliveira M, Martinez-Cajas JL, Brenner BG, Wainberg MA: A template-dependent dislocation mechanism potentiates K65R reverse transcriptase mutation development in subtype C variants of HIV-1. PloS one. 2011, 6 (5): e20208-10.1371\/journal.pone.0020208.","journal-title":"PloS one"},{"issue":"4","key":"2254_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1128\/JVI.01349-08","volume":"83","author":"D Coutsinos","year":"2009","unstructured":"Coutsinos D, Invernizzi CF, Xu H, Moisi D, Oliveira M, Brenner BG, Wainberg MA: Template usage is responsible for the preferential acquisition of the K65R reverse transcriptase mutation in subtype C variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1. J Virol. 2009, 83 (4): 2029-2033. 10.1128\/JVI.01349-08.","journal-title":"J Virol"},{"issue":"8","key":"2254_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1086\/605894","volume":"200","author":"CF Invernizzi","year":"2009","unstructured":"Invernizzi CF, Coutsinos D, Oliveira M, Moisi D, Brenner BG, Wainberg MA: Signature nucleotide polymorphisms at positions 64 and 65 in reverse transcriptase favor the selection of the K65R resistance mutation in HIV-1 subtype C. J Infect Dis. 2009, 200 (8): 1202-1206. 10.1086\/605894.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"13","key":"2254_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1679","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328356886d","volume":"26","author":"H Sunpath","year":"2012","unstructured":"Sunpath H, Wu B, Gordon M, Hampton J, Johnson B, Moosa MY, Ordonez C, Kuritzkes DR, Marconi VC: High rate of K65R for antiretroviral therapy-naive patients with subtype C HIV infection failing a tenofovir-containing first-line regimen. AIDS. 2012, 26 (13): 1679-1684. 10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328356886d.","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"issue":"6","key":"2254_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e10992","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0010992","volume":"5","author":"V Varghese","year":"2010","unstructured":"Varghese V, Wang E, Babrzadeh F, Bachmann MH, Shahriar R, Liu T, Mappala SJ, Gharizadeh B, Fessel WJ, Katzenstein D, et al: Nucleic acid template and the risk of a PCR-Induced HIV-1 drug resistance mutation. PloS one. 2010, 5 (6): e10992-10.1371\/journal.pone.0010992.","journal-title":"PloS one"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T22:01:32Z","timestamp":1630533692000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]]},"references-count":38,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2254"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-13-52","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"24 May 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"28 January 2013","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"30 January 2013","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"52"}}