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We detail the first reported case of postpartum pyomyoma-related sepsis due to<jats:italic>Sphingomonas paucimobilis,<\/jats:italic>a Gram-negative bacillus that is gaining recognition as an important human pathogen.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title><jats:p>A woman presented with an asymptomatic uterine fibroid and a two-week history of fever during the postpartum period. Suppurative uterine leiomyoma was diagnosed, and blood cultures grew<jats:italic>Sphingomonas paucimobilis.<\/jats:italic>The myoma was surgically removed from the uterus without hysterectomy. Intravenous antimicrobial therapy was given for fifteen days, and the patient was discharged from hospital in good condition.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pyomyoma should be considered in broad differential diagnosis of postpartum fever. This case highlights a unique disease manifestation of<jats:italic>S. paucimobilis<\/jats:italic>, an emerging opportunistic pathogen with increasing significance in the nosocomial setting.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-13-574","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,6]],"date-time":"2013-12-06T00:01:31Z","timestamp":1386288091000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Postpartum fever in the presence of a fibroid: Sphingomonas paucimobilissepsis associated with pyomyoma"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Cosmo","family":"Del Borgo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesco","family":"Maneschi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valeria","family":"Belvisi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Morelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angelo","family":"Vetica","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raffaella","family":"Marocco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tiziana","family":"Tieghi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam","family":"Lichtner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claudio M","family":"Mastroianni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"2758_CR1","first-page":"826","volume":"97","author":"TC Mason","year":"2005","unstructured":"Mason TC, Adair J, Lee YC: Postpartum Pyomyoma. 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