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Accurate and early diagnosis is important to prevent the disease complications, however its diagnosis still poses many challenges due to the limitations of the available detection tools. Pyruvate phosphate dikinase (PPDK), an excretory-secretory protein of <jats:italic>E. histolytica<\/jats:italic>, has been reported as a potential diagnostic marker for ALA, hence it may be exploited in the development of a new test for ALA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>Recombinant PPDK (rPPDK) was expressed, purified and evaluated by Western blot. In parallel, recombinant galactose-and-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine inhibitable lectin (Gal\/GalNAc lectin) was produced and tested similarly. The protein identity was confirmed by analysis using MALDI-TOF\/TOF. A lateral flow dipstick (LFD) test using rPPDK was subsequently developed (rPPDK-LFD) and evaluated for serodiagnosis of ALA.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>rPPDK was expressed as soluble protein after 4\u00a0hours of induction with 1\u00a0mM isopropyl \u03b2-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG) at 30\u00b0C. Purification using nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) resin yielded 1.5\u00a0mg of rPPDK from 1\u00a0L of culture with estimated molecular mass of 98\u00a0kDa on SDS-PAGE. Western blots using sera from patients with ALA, healthy individuals and other diseases probed with anti-human IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>-HRP showed the highest sensitivity (93.3%) and specificity (100%); as compared to blots using IgG and IgG<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> as secondary antibodies. Moreover, rPPDK showed better specificity when compared to rGal\/GalNAc lectin. In the development of the LFD test, the optimum amount of rPPDK was 0.625\u00a0\u03bcg per dipstick and the optimum working concentration of colloidal gold conjugated anti-human IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> was optical density (OD) 5 (1.7\u00a0\u03bcg of anti-human IgG<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>). Evaluation of rPPDK-LFD using ALA patients and controls serum samples showed 87% diagnostic sensitivity and 100% specificity.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                <jats:p>The developed rPPDK-LFD showed good potential for rapid diagnosis of ALA, and merit further multicentre validation using larger number of serum samples.<\/jats:p>\n              <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-182","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,7]],"date-time":"2014-04-07T19:49:19Z","timestamp":1396900159000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["RETRACTED ARTICLE: Production of recombinant Entamoeba histolyticapyruvate phosphate dikinase and its application in a lateral flow dipstick test for amoebic liver abscess"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Syazwan","family":"Saidin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Hafiznur","family":"Yunus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nor Dyana","family":"Zakaria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Khairunisak Abdul","family":"Razak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lim Boon","family":"Huat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nurulhasanah","family":"Othman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rahmah","family":"Noordin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"3099_CR1","first-page":"97","volume":"72","author":"World Health Organization","year":"1997","unstructured":"World Health Organization: Amebiasis. 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Further editorial action will be taken as appropriate once the investigation into the concerns is complete and all parties have been given an opportunity to respond in full.","order":6,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"8 September 2022","order":7,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Correction","order":8,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"This article has been retracted. Please see the Retraction Notice for more detail:","order":9,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07708-5","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12879-022-07708-5","order":10,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"10 November 2014","order":11,"name":"change_date","label":"Change Date","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"Erratum","order":12,"name":"change_type","label":"Change Type","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"An Erratum to this paper has been published:","order":13,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-533","URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-533","order":14,"name":"change_details","label":"Change Details","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"182"}}