{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,5]],"date-time":"2026-10-05T16:14:10Z","timestamp":1791216850914,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]],"date-time":"2014-09-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1411776000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]],"date-time":"2014-09-27T23:01:09Z","timestamp":1411858869000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"title":["An antagonist of the retinoid X receptor reduces the viability of Trichuris muris in vitro"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Rebecca JM","family":"Hurst","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thomas","family":"Hopwood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Amanda L","family":"Gallagher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Frederick A","family":"Partridge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Timothy","family":"Burgis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David B","family":"Sattelle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kathryn J","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"3841_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37","volume":"7","author":"RL Pullan","year":"2014","unstructured":"Pullan RL, Smith JL, Jasrasaria R, Brooker SJ: Global numbers of infection and disease burden of soil transmitted helminth infections in 2010. Parasites and Vectors. 2014, 7: 37-10.1186\/1756-3305-7-37.","journal-title":"Parasites and Vectors"},{"issue":"1","key":"3841_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2009.08.002","volume":"71","author":"MS Khuroo","year":"2010","unstructured":"Khuroo MS, Khuroo MS, Khuroo NS: Trichuris dysentery syndrome: a common cause of chronic iron deficiency anemia in adults in an endemic area (with videos). Gastrointest Endosc. 2010, 71 (1): 200-204. 10.1016\/j.gie.2009.08.002.","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.13.2.207-222.2000","volume":"13","author":"S Geerts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Geerts S, Gryseels B: Drug resistance in human helminths: current situation and lessons from livestock. Clin Microbiol Rev. 2000, 13 (2): 207-222. 10.1128\/CMR.13.2.207-222.2000.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"issue":"3","key":"3841_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1101\/gad.6.3.329","volume":"6","author":"DJ Mangelsdorf","year":"1992","unstructured":"Mangelsdorf DJ, Borgmeyer U, Heyman RA, Zhou JY, Ong ES, Oro AE, Kakizuka A, Evans RM: Characterization of three RXR genes that mediate the action of 9-cis retinoic acid. Genes Dev. 1992, 6 (3): 329-344. 10.1101\/gad.6.3.329.","journal-title":"Genes Dev"},{"issue":"6","key":"3841_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90274-7","volume":"78","author":"P Kastner","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kastner P, Grondona JM, Mark M, Gansmuller A, LeMeur M, Decimo D, Vonesch J-L, Doll\u00e9 P, Chambon P: Genetic analysis of RXR\u03b1 developmental function: convergence of RXR and RAR signaling pathways in heart and eye morphogenesis. Cell. 1994, 78 (6): 987-1003. 10.1016\/0092-8674(94)90274-7.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"10","key":"3841_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2397","volume":"6","author":"L Altucci","year":"2007","unstructured":"Altucci L, Leibowitz MD, Ogilvie KM, de Lera AR, Gronemeyer H: RAR and RXR modulation in cancer and metabolic disease. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 2007, 6 (10): 793-810. 10.1038\/nrd2397.","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V","volume":"68","author":"RA Heyman","year":"1992","unstructured":"Heyman RA, Mangelsdorf DJ, Dyck JA, Stein RB, Eichele G, Evans RM, Thaller C: 9-cis retinoic acid is a high affinity ligand for the retinoid X receptor. Cell. 1992, 68 (2): 397-406. 10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90479-V.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"6","key":"3841_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90200-7","volume":"83","author":"DJ Mangelsdorf","year":"1995","unstructured":"Mangelsdorf DJ, Evans RM: The RXR heterodimers and orphan receptors. Cell. 1995, 83 (6): 841-850. 10.1016\/0092-8674(95)90200-7.","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"3841_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1007\/s000180050043","volume":"57","author":"GI Owen","year":"2000","unstructured":"Owen GI, Zelent A: Origins and evolutionary diversification of the nuclear receptor superfamily. Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS. 2000, 57 (5): 809-827. 10.1007\/s000180050043.","journal-title":"Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS"},{"issue":"1","key":"3841_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00274-2","volume":"115","author":"MR Fantappie","year":"2001","unstructured":"Fantappie MR, Freebern WJ, Osman A, LaDuca J, Niles EG, LoVerde PT: Evaluation of Schistosoma mansoni retinoid X receptor (SmRXR1 and SmRXR2) activity and tissue distribution. Mol Biochem Parasitol. 2001, 115 (1): 87-99. 10.1016\/S0166-6851(01)00274-2.","journal-title":"Mol Biochem Parasitol"},{"issue":"47","key":"3841_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29442","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.272.47.29442","volume":"272","author":"MW Kennedy","year":"1997","unstructured":"Kennedy MW, Garside LH, Goodrick LE, McDermott L, Brass A, Price NC, Kelly SM, Cooper A, Bradley JE: The Ov20 protein of the parasitic nematode Onchocerca volvulus. A structurally novel class of small helix-rich retinol-binding proteins. J Biol Chem. 1997, 272 (47): 29442-29448. 10.1074\/jbc.272.47.29442.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"20","key":"3841_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6700","DOI":"10.1021\/bi00020a015","volume":"34","author":"MW Kennedy","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kennedy MW, Brass A, McCruden AB, Price NC, Kelly SM, Cooper A: The ABA-1 allergen of the parasitic nematode Ascaris suum: fatty acid and retinoid binding function and structural characterization. Biochemistry. 1995, 34 (20): 6700-6710. 10.1021\/bi00020a015.","journal-title":"Biochemistry"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1006\/expr.1995.1034","volume":"80","author":"KM Wolff","year":"1995","unstructured":"Wolff KM, Scott AL: Brugia malayi: retinoic acid uptake and localization. Exp Parasitol. 1995, 80 (2): 282-290. 10.1006\/expr.1995.1034.","journal-title":"Exp Parasitol"},{"issue":"11","key":"3841_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1325","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182013001054","volume":"140","author":"RJ Hurst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hurst RJ, Else KJ: Trichuris muris research revisited: a journey through time. Parasitology. 2013, 140 (11): 1325-1339. 10.1017\/S0031182013001054.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"7","key":"3841_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1038\/ng.3010","volume":"46","author":"BJ Foth","year":"2014","unstructured":"Foth BJ, Tsai IJ, Reid AJ, Bancroft AJ, Nichol S, Tracey A, Holroyd N, Cotton JA, Stanley EJ, Zarowiecki M, Liu JZ, Huckvale T, Cooper PJ, Grencis RK, Berriman M: Whipworm genome and dual-species transcriptome analyses provide molecular insights into an intimate host-parasite interaction. Nat Genet. 2014, 46 (7): 693-700. 10.1038\/ng.3010.","journal-title":"Nat Genet"},{"issue":"26","key":"3841_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4222","DOI":"10.1021\/jm9704309","volume":"40","author":"H Umemiya","year":"1997","unstructured":"Umemiya H, Fukasawa H, Ebisawa M, Eyrolles L, Kawachi E, Eisenmann G, Gronemeyer H, Hashimoto Y, Shudo K, Kagechika H: Regulation of retinoidal actions by diazepinylbenzoic acids. Retinoid synergists which activate the RXR-RAR heterodimers. J Med Chem. 1997, 40 (26): 4222-4234. 10.1021\/jm9704309.","journal-title":"J Med Chem"},{"issue":"1","key":"3841_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6414","volume":"233","author":"H Umemiya","year":"1997","unstructured":"Umemiya H, Kagechika H, Fukasawa H, Kawachi E, Ebisawa M, Hashimoto Y, Eisenmann G, Erb C, Pornon A, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H, Shudo K: Action mechanism of retinoid-synergistic dibenzodiazepines. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1997, 233 (1): 121-125. 10.1006\/bbrc.1997.6414.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"5","key":"3841_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867024606975","volume":"9","author":"H Kagechika","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kagechika H: Novel synthetic retinoids and separation of the pleiotropic retinoidal activities. Curr Med Chem. 2002, 9 (5): 591-608. 10.2174\/0929867024606975.","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem"},{"issue":"7","key":"3841_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI12864","volume":"108","author":"T Yamauchi","year":"2001","unstructured":"Yamauchi T, Waki H, Kamon J, Murakami K, Motojima K, Komeda K, Miki H, Kubota N, Terauchi Y, Tsuchida A, Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Yamauchi N, Ide T, Hori W, Kato S, Fukayama M, Akanuma Y, Ezaki O, Itai A, Nagai R, Kimura S, Tobe K, Kagechika H, Shudo K, Kadowaki T: Inhibition of RXR and PPARgamma ameliorates diet-induced obesity and type 2 diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2001, 108 (7): 1001-1013. 10.1172\/JCI12864.","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"issue":"3","key":"3841_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1017\/S0031182000072395","volume":"57","author":"D Wakelin","year":"1967","unstructured":"Wakelin D: Acquired immunity to Trichuris muris in the albino laboratory mouse. Parasitology. 1967, 57 (3): 515-524. 10.1017\/S0031182000072395.","journal-title":"Parasitology"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.08.009","volume":"87","author":"A Silbereisen","year":"2011","unstructured":"Silbereisen A, Tritten L, Keiser J: Exploration of novel in vitro assays to study drugs against Trichuris spp. J Microbiol Methods. 2011, 87 (2): 169-175. 10.1016\/j.mimet.2011.08.009.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"3841_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gene.2003.09.032","volume":"324","author":"C Shea","year":"2004","unstructured":"Shea C, Hough D, Xiao J, Tzertzinis G, Maina CV: An rxr\/usp homolog from the parasitic nematode, Dirofilaria immitis. Gene. 2004, 324: 171-182.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"issue":"1","key":"3841_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2426","volume":"215","author":"JC Hsieh","year":"1995","unstructured":"Hsieh JC, Jurutka PW, Selznick SH, Reeder MC, Haussler CA, Whitfield GK, Haussler MR: The T-box near the zinc fingers of the human vitamin D receptor is required for heterodimeric DNA binding and transactivation. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1995, 215 (1): 1-7. 10.1006\/bbrc.1995.2426.","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80424-4","volume":"5","author":"W Bourguet","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bourguet W, Vivat V, Wurtz JM, Chambon P, Gronemeyer H, Moras D: Crystal structure of a heterodimeric complex of RAR and RXR ligand-binding domains. Mol Cell. 2000, 5 (2): 289-298. 10.1016\/S1097-2765(00)80424-4.","journal-title":"Mol Cell"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR25","first-page":"169","volume":"41","author":"JB Lok","year":"1990","unstructured":"Lok JB, Morris RA, Sani BP, Shealy YF, Donnelly JJ: Synthetic and naturally occurring retinoids inhibit third- to fourth-stage larval development by Onchocerca lienalis in vitro. Tropical medicine and parasitology: official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit. 1990, 41 (2): 169-173.","journal-title":"Tropical medicine and parasitology: official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit"},{"issue":"3","key":"3841_CR26","first-page":"322","volume":"40","author":"H Zahner","year":"1989","unstructured":"Zahner H, Sani BP, Shealy YF, Nitschmann A: Antifilarial activities of synthetic and natural retinoids in vitro. Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit. 1989, 40 (3): 322-326.","journal-title":"Tropical medicine and parasitology : official organ of Deutsche Tropenmedizinische Gesellschaft and of Deutsche Gesellschaft fur Technische Zusammenarbeit"},{"issue":"2","key":"3841_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.12.001","volume":"99","author":"S Philip","year":"2012","unstructured":"Philip S, Castro LF, da Fonseca RR, Reis-Henriques MA, Vasconcelos V, Santos MM, Antunes A: Adaptive evolution of the Retinoid X receptor in vertebrates. Genomics. 2012, 99 (2): 81-89. 10.1016\/j.ygeno.2011.12.001.","journal-title":"Genomics"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"3841_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-1119(99)00161-4","volume":"233","author":"WJ Freebern","year":"1999","unstructured":"Freebern WJ, Niles EG, LoVerde PT: RXR-2, a member of the retinoid x receptor family in Schistosoma mansoni. Gene. 1999, 233 (1\u20132): 33-38.","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"3841_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0065-308X(04)57004-5","volume":"57","author":"LJ Cliffe","year":"2004","unstructured":"Cliffe LJ, Grencis RK: The Trichuris muris system: a paradigm of resistance and susceptibility to intestinal nematode infection. Adv Parasitol. 2004, 57: 255-307.","journal-title":"Adv Parasitol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"3841_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S225","DOI":"10.1007\/s00436-007-0698-1","volume":"101","author":"M Huttemann","year":"2007","unstructured":"Huttemann M, Schmahl G, Mehlhorn H: Light and electron microscopic studies on two nematodes, Angiostrongylus cantonensis and Trichuris muris, differing in their mode of nutrition. Parasitol Res. 2007, 101 (Suppl 2): S225-232.","journal-title":"Parasitol Res"},{"issue":"5","key":"3841_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1365","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.5.1365","volume":"136","author":"KZ Long","year":"2006","unstructured":"Long KZ, Estrada-Garcia T, Rosado JL, Ignacio Santos J, Haas M, Firestone M, Bhagwat J, Young C, DuPont HL, Hertzmark E, Nanthakumar NN: The effect of vitamin A supplementation on the intestinal immune response in Mexican children is modified by pathogen infections and diarrhea. J Nutr. 2006, 136 (5): 1365-1370.","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"3841_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1007\/s10875-013-9936-8","volume":"33","author":"RJ Hurst","year":"2013","unstructured":"Hurst RJ, De Caul A, Little MC, Kagechika H, Else KJ: The retinoic acid receptor agonist Am80 increases mucosal inflammation in an IL-6 dependent manner during Trichuris muris infection. J Clin Immunol. 2013, 33 (8): 1386-1394. 10.1007\/s10875-013-9936-8.","journal-title":"J Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"6169","key":"3841_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1247606","volume":"343","author":"SP Spencer","year":"2014","unstructured":"Spencer SP, Wilhelm C, Yang Q, Hall JA, Bouladoux N, Boyd A, Nutman TB, Urban JF, Wang J, Ramalingam TR, Bhandoola A, Wynn TA, Belkaid Y: Adaptation of innate lymphoid cells to a micronutrient deficiency promotes type 2 barrier immunity. Science. 2014, 343 (6169): 432-437. 10.1126\/science.1247606.","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"3841_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.11.086","volume":"19","author":"K Morishita","year":"2009","unstructured":"Morishita K, Yakushiji N, Ohsawa F, Takamatsu K, Matsuura N, Makishima M, Kawahata M, Yamaguchi K, Tai A, Sasaki K, Kakuta H: Replacing alkyl sulfonamide with aromatic sulfonamide in sulfonamide-type RXR agonists favors switch towards antagonist activity. Bioorg Med Chem Lett. 2009, 19 (3): 1001-1003. 10.1016\/j.bmcl.2008.11.086.","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem Lett"},{"issue":"1","key":"3841_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1090-0233(05)80005-X","volume":"154","author":"RJ Martin","year":"1997","unstructured":"Martin RJ: Modes of action of anthelmintic drugs. Veterinary journal. 1997, 154 (1): 11-34. 10.1016\/S1090-0233(05)80005-X.","journal-title":"Veterinary journal"},{"key":"3841_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1937","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms2924","volume":"4","author":"L Jin","year":"2013","unstructured":"Jin L, Feng X, Rong H, Pan Z, Inaba Y, Qiu L, Zheng W, Lin S, Wang R, Wang Z, Liu H, Li S, Xie W, Li Y: The antiparasitic drug ivermectin is a novel FXR ligand that regulates metabolism. Nat Commun. 2013, 4: 1937-","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6499","key":"3841_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1038\/371707a0","volume":"371","author":"DF Cully","year":"1994","unstructured":"Cully DF, Vassilatis DK, Liu KK, Paress PS, Van der Ploeg LH, Schaeffer JM, Arena JP: Cloning of an avermectin-sensitive glutamate-gated chloride channel from Caenorhabditis elegans. Nature. 1994, 371 (6499): 707-711. 10.1038\/371707a0.","journal-title":"Nature"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,1,23]],"date-time":"2019-01-23T11:07:23Z","timestamp":1548241643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["3841"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-14-520","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,9,27]]},"assertion":[{"value":"21 February 2014","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"17 September 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"27 September 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"520"}}