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Data were extracted from the patients' records by ten trained healthcare workers. AIDS-defining conditions were established using predefined criteria.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Among 1504 patients, 834 had experienced one or more AIDS-defining diseases. The most frequent causes of the initial AIDS-defining episode were <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (35.7%), <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (22.7%) and herpes simplex (7.4%). In total 1742 AIDS-defining episodes occurred. The most frequent causes were <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia (25.1%), <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> (16.2%) and cytomegalovirus retinitis (9.5%).<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>The most frequent causes of AIDS-defining illnesses in Singapore are similar to those reported in the West, prior to the introduction of anti-retroviral therapy. Opportunistic infections remain the most frequent AIDS-defining illnesses.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-4-47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,18]],"date-time":"2004-11-18T09:53:33Z","timestamp":1100771613000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["AIDS-defining illnesses among patients with HIV in Singapore, 1985 to 2001: results from the Singapore HIV Observational Cohort Study (SHOCS)"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Richard","family":"Bellamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"S","family":"Sangeetha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nicholas I","family":"Paton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"132_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/28.5.975","volume":"28","author":"P Pezzotti","year":"1999","unstructured":"Pezzotti P, Serraino D, Rezza G, Dal Maso L, Vaccher E, Lepri AC, Franceschi S: The spectrum of AIDS-defining diseases: temporal trends in Italy prior to the use of highly active anti-retroviral therapies, 1982\u20131996. 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