{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T14:56:37Z","timestamp":1760367397966},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]],"date-time":"2006-04-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1145923200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Disseminated leishmaniasis is an emerging infectious disease, mostly due to<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>, which has clinical and histopathological features distinct from cutaneous leishmaniasis.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In the current study we evaluated the<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>production of the cytokines IFN-\u03b3, TNF-\u03b1, IL-5 and IL-10 by peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 15 disseminated leishmaniasis and 24 cutaneous leishmaniasis patients upon stimulation with<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>antigens genotyped as disseminated leishmaniasis or cutaneous leishmaniasis isolates.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Regardless of the source of<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>antigens, PBMC from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients produced significantly higher IFN-\u03b3 than PBMC from disseminated leishmaniasis patients. Levels of TNF-\u03b1 by PBMC from cutaneous leishmaniasis patients were significantly higher than disseminated leishmaniasis patients only when stimulated by genotyped cutaneous leishmaniasis antigens. The levels of IL-5 and IL-10 production by PBMC were very low and similar in PBMCs from both disseminated leishmaniasis and cutaneous leishmaniasis patients. The immune response of each patient evaluated by the two<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>antigens was assessed in a paired analysis in which we showed that<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>genotyped as disseminated leishmaniasis isolate was more potent than<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>genotyped as cutaneous leishmaniasis isolate in triggering IFN-\u03b3 and TNF-\u03b1 production in both diseases and IL-5 only in cutaneous leishmaniasis patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study provides evidence that antigens prepared from genotypically distinct strains of<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>induce different degrees of immune response. It also indicates that both parasite and host play a role in the outcome of<jats:italic>L. braziliensis<\/jats:italic>infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-75","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,26]],"date-time":"2006-04-26T08:00:26Z","timestamp":1146038426000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Differential effects of antigens from L. braziliensis isolates from disseminated and cutaneous leishmaniasis on in vitro cytokine production"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Paulo TG","family":"Leopoldo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paulo RL","family":"Machado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roque P","family":"Almeida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Albert","family":"Schriefer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Giudice","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Am\u00e9lia Ribeiro","family":"de Jesus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John L","family":"Ho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Luiz Henrique","family":"Guimar\u00e3es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ol\u00edvia","family":"Bacellar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edgar M","family":"Carvalho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,4,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"339_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.1.1","volume":"22","author":"RD Pearson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Pearson RD, Sousa AQ: Clinical spectrum of Leishmaniasis. 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