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T cell phenotype was determined from peripheral blood lymphocytes and cytomegalovirus (CMV) seropositivity was assessed by ELISA in adolescents.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>HIV-negative Malawian adolescents were shown to have a lower percentage of na\u00efve T cells (CD45RO<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD62L<jats:sup>hi<\/jats:sup>CD11a<jats:sup>lo<\/jats:sup>), a higher proportion of memory T cells and a higher percentage of CD28<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>memory (CD28<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CD45RO<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) T cells compared to age-matched UK adolescents. Malawian adolescents also had a lower percentage of central memory (CD45RA<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>CCR7<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>) T cells and a higher percentage of stable memory (CD45RA<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>CCR7<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>) T cells than UK adolescents. All of the adolescents tested in Malawi were seropositive for CMV (59\/59), compared to 21\/58 (36%) of UK adolescents. CMV seropositivity in the UK was associated with a reduced percentage of na\u00efve T cells and an increased percentage of CD28<jats:sup>-<\/jats:sup>memory T cells in the periphery. No differences in the proportions of na\u00efve and memory T cell populations were observed in cord blood samples from the two sites.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>It is likely that these differences between Malawian and UK adolescents reflect a greater natural exposure to various infections, including CMV, in the African environment and may imply differences in the ability of these populations to induce and maintain immunological memory to vaccines and natural infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-139","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,16]],"date-time":"2008-10-16T06:14:04Z","timestamp":1224137644000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Differences between naive and memory T cell phenotype in Malawian and UK adolescents: a role for Cytomegalovirus?"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Anne","family":"Ben-Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gorak-Stolinska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sian","family":"Floyd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rosemary E","family":"Weir","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Maeve K","family":"Lalor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazzie","family":"Mvula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amelia C","family":"Crampin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Diana","family":"Wallace","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Peter CL","family":"Beverley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paul EM","family":"Fine","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hazel M","family":"Dockrell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"730_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830181102","volume":"18","author":"M Merkenschlager","year":"1988","unstructured":"Merkenschlager M, Terry L, Edwards R, Beverley PCL: Limiting dilution analysis of proliferative responses in human lymphocyte populations defined by the monoclonal antibody UCHL1: implications for differential CD45 expression in T cell memory formation. 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