{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T04:58:03Z","timestamp":1791349083912,"version":"4.3.1"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]],"date-time":"2008-04-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1207180800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>On 20\u201321 February 2006, six cases of diarrhoea-associated haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS) were reported by paediatricians to the Norwegian Institute of Public Health. We initiated an investigation to identify the etiologic agent and determine the source of the outbreak in order to implement control measures.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A case was defined as a child with diarrhoea-associated HUS or any person with an infection with the outbreak strain of\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      O103 (defined by the multi-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis (MLVA) profile) both with illness onset after January 1st 2006 in Norway. After initial hypotheses-generating interviews, we performed a case-control study with the first fifteen cases and three controls for each case matched by age, sex and municipality. Suspected food items were sampled, and any\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      O103 strains were typed by MLVA.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Between 20 February and 6 April 2006, 17 cases were identified, of which 10 children developed HUS, including one fatal case. After pilot interviews, a matched case-control study was performed indicating an association between a traditional cured sausage (odds ratio 19.4 (95% CI: 2.4\u2013156)) and STEC infection.\n                      <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic>\n                      O103:H25 identical to the outbreak strain defined by MLVA profile was found in the product and traced back to contaminated mutton.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We report an outbreak caused by a rare STEC variant (O103:H25,\n                      <jats:italic>stx<\/jats:italic>\n                      <jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub>\n                      -positive). More than half of the diagnosed patients developed HUS, indicating that the causative organism is particularly virulent. Small ruminants continue to be important reservoirs for human-pathogen STEC. Improved slaughtering hygiene and good manufacturing practices for cured sausage products are needed to minimise the possibility of STEC surviving through the entire sausage production process.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]],"date-time":"2008-04-03T15:22:28Z","timestamp":1207236148000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"title":["Outbreak of haemolytic uraemic syndrome in Norway caused by stx\n2-positive Escherichia coliO103:H25 traced to cured mutton sausages"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Barbara","family":"Schimmer","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin","family":"Nygard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanne-Merete","family":"Eriksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"J\u00f8rgen","family":"Lassen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bj\u00f8rn-Arne","family":"Lindstedt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lin T","family":"Brandal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georg","family":"Kapperud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Preben","family":"Aavitsland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"632_CR1","first-page":"1073","volume":"365","author":"PI Tarr","year":"2005","unstructured":"Tarr PI, Gordon CA, Chandler WL: Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli and haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Lancet. 2005, 365: 1073-1086.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"632_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1086\/509573","volume":"43","author":"KE Johnson","year":"2006","unstructured":"Johnson KE, Thorpe CM, Sears CL: The emerging clinical importance of non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli. Clin Infect Dis. 2006, 43: 1587-1595. 10.1086\/509573.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwk023","volume":"165","author":"D Werber","year":"2007","unstructured":"Werber D, Behnke SC, Fruth A, Merle R, Menzler S, Glaser S, Kreienbrock L, Prager R, Tschape H, Roggentin P, Bockemuhl J, Ammon A: Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in Germany: different risk factors for different age groups. Am J Epidemiol. 2007, 165: 425-434. 10.1093\/aje\/kwk023.","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"632_CR4","first-page":"38","volume-title":"MSIS-rapport","author":"D Grahek-Ogden","year":"2005","unstructured":"Grahek-Ogden D, Lassen J, Nygard K: EHEC infections in Norway 1995-2004 [In Norwegian]. MSIS-rapport. 2005, 38-"},{"key":"632_CR5","first-page":"27","volume-title":"MSIS-rapport","author":"J Lassen","year":"1999","unstructured":"Lassen J, Heir E: Domestic outbreak of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC), summer 1999 [In Norwegian]. MSIS-rapport. 1999, 27-"},{"key":"632_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.01.001","volume":"69","author":"BA Lindstedt","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lindstedt BA, Brandal LT, Aas L, Vardund T, Kapperud G: Study of polymorphic variable-number of tandem repeats loci in the ECOR collection and in a set of pathogenic Escherichia coli and Shigella isolates for use in a genotyping assay. J Microbiol Methods. 2007, 69: 197-205. 10.1016\/j.mimet.2007.01.001.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"632_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.09.013","volume":"68","author":"LT Brandal","year":"2007","unstructured":"Brandal LT, Lindstedt BA, Aas L, Stavnes TL, Lassen J, Kapperud G: Octaplex PCR and fluorescence-based capillary electrophoresis for identification of human diarrheagenic Escherichia coli and Shigella spp. J Microbiol Methods. 2007, 68: 331-341. 10.1016\/j.mimet.2006.09.013.","journal-title":"J Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"632_CR8","volume-title":"In: Abstracts of the 6th International Symposium on Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin) Producing E coli Infections (VTEC 2006)","author":"C Sekse","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sekse C: Characterization of Escherichia coli O103:H25 Strains from HUS patients in Norway. In: Abstracts of the 6th International Symposium on Shiga Toxin (Verocytotoxin) Producing E coli Infections (VTEC 2006). 2006, Vancouver, Australia"},{"key":"632_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2020","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02591-06","volume":"45","author":"S Persson","year":"2007","unstructured":"Persson S, Olsen KE, Ethelberg S, Scheutz F: Subtyping method for Escherichia coli shiga toxin (verocytotoxin) 2 variants and correlations to clinical manifestations. J Clin Microbiol. 2007, 45: 2020-2024. 10.1128\/JCM.02591-06.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR10","unstructured":"Nordic Committee on Food Analysis. 2008, [http:\/\/www.nmkl.org]"},{"key":"632_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2567","DOI":"10.1002\/elps.200500096","volume":"26","author":"BA Lindstedt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Lindstedt BA: Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeats analysis for genetic fingerprinting of pathogenic bacteria. Electrophoresis. 2005, 26: 2567-2582. 10.1002\/elps.200500096.","journal-title":"Electrophoresis"},{"key":"632_CR12","unstructured":"Community outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome attributable to Escherichia coli O111:NM--South Australia 1995. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1995, 44: 550-558."},{"key":"632_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1274","DOI":"10.1086\/314715","volume":"179","author":"A Ammon","year":"1999","unstructured":"Ammon A, Petersen LR, Karch H: A large outbreak of hemolytic uremic syndrome caused by an unusual sorbitol-fermenting strain of Escherichia coli O157:H-. J Infect Dis. 1999, 179: 1274-1277. 10.1086\/314715.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR14","first-page":"171","volume":"22","author":"RK Institut.","year":"2003","unstructured":"Institut. RK: Ein HUS-Ausbruch durch Sorbitol-fermentierende EHEC des Serovars O157:H\u2013 Untersuchungsergebnisse und Lehren f\u00fcr die Surveillance. Epidemiologisches Bulletin. 2003, 22: 171-175.","journal-title":"Epidemiologisches Bulletin"},{"key":"632_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/169.1.208","volume":"169","author":"A Caprioli","year":"1994","unstructured":"Caprioli A, Luzzi I, Rosmini F, Resti C, Edefonti A, Perfumo F, Farina C, Goglio A, Gianviti A, Rizzoni G: Community-wide outbreak of hemolytic-uremic syndrome associated with non-O157 verocytotoxin-producing Escherichia coli. J Infect Dis. 1994, 169: 208-211.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268800051645","volume":"113","author":"AE Tozzi","year":"1994","unstructured":"Tozzi AE, Niccolini A, Caprioli A, Luzzi I, Montini G, Zacchello G, Gianviti A, Principato F, Rizzoni G: A community outbreak of haemolytic-uraemic syndrome in children occurring in a large area of northern Italy over a period of several months. Epidemiol Infect. 1994, 113: 209-219.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"issue":"1","key":"632_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008217","volume":"136","author":"KG Pollock","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pollock KG, Young D, Beattie TJ, Todd WT: Clinical surveillance of thrombotic microangiopathies in Scotland, 2003-2005. Epidemiol Infect. 2008, 136 (1): 115-21. 10.1017\/S0950268807008217.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"632_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1552","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1552-1563.2005","volume":"43","author":"L Beutin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Beutin L, Kaulfuss S, Herold S, Oswald E, Schmidt H: Genetic analysis of enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli serogroup O103 strains by molecular typing of virulence and housekeeping genes and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. J Clin Microbiol. 2005, 43: 1552-1563. 10.1128\/JCM.43.4.1552-1563.2005.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.2.296-301.1993","volume":"31","author":"P Mariani-Kurkdjian","year":"1993","unstructured":"Mariani-Kurkdjian P, Denamur E, Milon A, Picard B, Cave H, Lambert-Zechovsky N, Loirat C, Goullet P, Sansonetti PJ, Elion J: Identification of a clone of Escherichia coli O103:H2 as a potential agent of hemolytic-uremic syndrome in France. J Clin Microbiol. 1993, 31: 296-301.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.11150\/kansenshogakuzasshi1970.72.707","volume":"72","author":"S Saito","year":"1998","unstructured":"Saito S, Yatsuyanagi J, Kinouchi Y, Sato H, Miyajima Y, Morita M: [A familial outbreak of verotoxin-producing Escherichia coli O103:H2 infection in which a calf was the suspected infectious source]. Kansenshogaku Zasshi. 1998, 72: 707-713.","journal-title":"Kansenshogaku Zasshi"},{"key":"632_CR21","first-page":"176","volume":"37","author":"D Gomez","year":"2005","unstructured":"Gomez D, Miliwebsky E, Silva A, Deza N, Zotta C, Cotella O, Martinez EE, Chinen I, Fernandez PC, Rivas M: [Isolation of Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains during a gastrointestinal outbreak at a day care center in Mar del Plata City]. Rev Argent Microbiol. 2005, 37: 176-183.","journal-title":"Rev Argent Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.88","volume":"3","author":"M Rivas","year":"2006","unstructured":"Rivas M, Miliwebsky E, Chinen I, Roldan CD, Balbi L, Garcia B, Fiorilli G, Sosa-Estani S, Kincaid J, Rangel J, Griffin PM: Characterization and epidemiologic subtyping of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli strains isolated from hemolytic uremic syndrome and diarrhea cases in Argentina. Foodborne Pathog Dis. 2006, 3: 88-96. 10.1089\/fpd.2006.3.88.","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis"},{"key":"632_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.36.6.1608-1611.1998","volume":"36","author":"AM Mackenzie","year":"1998","unstructured":"Mackenzie AM, Lebel P, Orrbine E, Rowe PC, Hyde L, Chan F, Johnson W, McLaine PN: Sensitivities and specificities of premier E. coli O157 and premier EHEC enzyme immunoassays for diagnosis of infection with verotxin (Shiga-like toxin)-producing Escherichia coli. The SYNSORB Pk Study investigators. J Clin Microbiol. 1998, 36: 1608-1611.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR24","first-page":"E051103.1","volume":"10","author":"F team.","year":"2005","unstructured":"team. F: Outbreak of E. coli 0157:H7 infections associated with a brand of beefburgers in France. Euro Surveill. 2005, 10: E051103.1-","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"632_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.37.3.497-503.1999","volume":"37","author":"P Boerlin","year":"1999","unstructured":"Boerlin P, McEwen SA, Boerlin-Petzold F, Wilson JB, Johnson RP, Gyles CL: Associations between virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli and disease in humans. J Clin Microbiol. 1999, 37: 497-503.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1086\/341940","volume":"186","author":"A Gerber","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gerber A, Karch H, Allerberger F, Verweyen HM, Zimmerhackl LB: Clinical course and the role of shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli infection in the hemolytic-uremic syndrome in pediatric patients, 1997-2000, in Germany and Austria: a prospective study. J Infect Dis. 2002, 186: 493-500. 10.1086\/341940.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1025-0","volume":"22","author":"D Werber","year":"2003","unstructured":"Werber D, Fruth A, Buchholz U, Prager R, Kramer MH, Ammon A, Tschape H: Strong association between shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O157 and virulence genes stx2 and eae as possible explanation for predominance of serogroup O157 in patients with haemolytic uraemic syndrome. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 2003, 22: 726-730. 10.1007\/s10096-003-1025-0.","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1024","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0001024","volume":"2","author":"M Bielaszewska","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bielaszewska M, Kock R, Friedrich AW, von EC, Zimmerhackl LB, Karch H, Mellmann A: Shiga toxin-mediated hemolytic uremic syndrome: time to change the diagnostic paradigm?. PLoS ONE. 2007, 2: e1024-10.1371\/journal.pone.0001024.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"key":"632_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3144","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02937-06","volume":"73","author":"M Bielaszewska","year":"2007","unstructured":"Bielaszewska M, Prager R, Kock R, Mellmann A, Zhang W, Tschape H, Tarr PI, Karch H: Shiga toxin gene loss and transfer in vitro and in vivo during enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O26 infection in humans. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007, 73: 3144-3150. 10.1128\/AEM.02937-06.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1086\/518573","volume":"45","author":"AW Friedrich","year":"2007","unstructured":"Friedrich AW, Zhang W, Bielaszewska M, Mellmann A, Kock R, Fruth A, Tschape H, Karch H: Prevalence, virulence profiles, and clinical significance of Shiga toxin-negative variants of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157 infection in humans. Clin Infect Dis. 2007, 45: 39-45. 10.1086\/518573.","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"711","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.8.4.711-717.2001","volume":"8","author":"P Feng","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feng P, Dey M, Abe A, Takeda T: Isogenic strain of Escherichia coli O157:H7 that has lost both Shiga toxin 1 and 2 genes. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2001, 8: 711-717. 10.1128\/CDLI.8.4.711-717.2001.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"key":"632_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3464","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.60.8.3464-3467.1992","volume":"60","author":"H Karch","year":"1992","unstructured":"Karch H, Meyer T, Russmann H, Heesemann J: Frequent loss of Shiga-like toxin genes in clinical isolates of Escherichia coli upon subcultivation. Infect Immun. 1992, 60: 3464-3467.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"632_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1005.030576","volume":"10","author":"S Ethelberg","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ethelberg S, Olsen KE, Scheutz F, Jensen C, Schiellerup P, Enberg J, Petersen AM, Olesen B, Gerner-Smidt P, Molbak K: Virulence factors for hemolytic uremic syndrome, Denmark. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004, 10: 842-847.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"632_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00032-1","volume":"1","author":"R Prager","year":"2002","unstructured":"Prager R, Liesegang A, Voigt W, Rabsch W, Fruth A, Tschape H: Clonal diversity of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103:H2\/H(-) in Germany. Infect Genet Evol. 2002, 1: 265-275. 10.1016\/S1567-1348(02)00032-1.","journal-title":"Infect Genet Evol"},{"key":"632_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1026","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01787.x","volume":"93","author":"AM Urdahl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Urdahl AM, Beutin L, Skjerve E, Wasteson Y: Serotypes and virulence factors of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli isolated from healthy Norwegian sheep. J Appl Microbiol. 2002, 93: 1026-1033. 10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2002.01787.x.","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2002.01161.x","volume":"35","author":"AM Urdahl","year":"2002","unstructured":"Urdahl AM, Cudjoe K, Wahl E, Heir E, Wasteson Y: Isolation of Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli O103 from sheep using automated immunomagnetic separation (AIMS) and AIMS-ELISA: sheep as the source of a clinical E. coli O103 case?. Lett Appl Microbiol. 2002, 35: 218-222. 10.1046\/j.1472-765X.2002.01161.x.","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01468.x","volume":"12","author":"E Espie","year":"2006","unstructured":"Espie E, Grimont F, Vaillant V, Montet MP, Carle I, Bavai C, de Valk H, Vernozy-Rozand C: O148 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli outbreak: microbiological investigation as a useful complement to epidemiological investigation. Clin Microbiol Infect. 2006, 12: 992-998. 10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2006.01468.x.","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"632_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1142","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.86.8_Pt_1.1142","volume":"86","author":"J Tilden Jr.","year":"1996","unstructured":"Tilden J, Young W, McNamara AM, Custer C, Boesel B, Lambert-Fair MA, Majkowski J, Vugia D, Werner SB, Hollingsworth J, Morris JG: A new route of transmission for Escherichia coli: infection from dry fermented salami. Am J Public Health. 1996, 86: 1142-1145.","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"632_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2267","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-66.12.2267","volume":"66","author":"F Naim","year":"2003","unstructured":"Naim F, Messier S, Saucier L, Piette G: A model study of Escherichia coli O157:H7 survival in fermented dry sausages--influence of inoculum preparation, inoculation procedure, and selected process parameters. J Food Prot. 2003, 66: 2267-2275.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"632_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2513","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.58.8.2513-2516.1992","volume":"58","author":"KA Glass","year":"1992","unstructured":"Glass KA, Loeffelholz JM, Ford JP, Doyle MP: Fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 as affected by pH or sodium chloride and in fermented, dry sausage. Appl Environ Microbiol. 1992, 58: 2513-2516.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.4315\/0362-028X-61.4.377","volume":"61","author":"NG Faith","year":"1998","unstructured":"Faith NG, Parniere N, Larson T, Lorang TD, Kaspar CW, Luchansky JB: Viability of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in salami following conditioning of batter, fermentation and drying of sticks, and storage of slices. J Food Prot. 1998, 61: 377-382.","journal-title":"J Food Prot"},{"key":"632_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268803001651","volume":"132","author":"DM MacDonald","year":"2004","unstructured":"MacDonald DM, Fyfe M, Paccagnella A, Trinidad A, Louie K, Patrick D: Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to salami, British Columbia, Canada, 1999. Epidemiol Infect. 2004, 132: 283-289. 10.1017\/S0950268803001651.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"632_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"From the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Escherichia coli O157:H7 outbreak linked to commercially distributed dry-cured salami--Washington and California, 1994. JAMA. 1995, 273: 985-986. 10.1001\/jama.273.13.985.","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.273.13.985"},{"key":"632_CR44","first-page":"1409","volume":"162","author":"RC Williams","year":"2000","unstructured":"Williams RC, Isaacs S, Decou ML, Richardson EA, Buffett MC, Slinger RW, Brodsky MH, Ciebin BW, Ellis A, Hockin J: Illness outbreak associated with Escherichia coli O157:H7 in Genoa salami. E. coli O157:H7 Working Group. CMAJ. 2000, 162: 1409-1413.","journal-title":"CMAJ"},{"issue":"3","key":"632_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268807008473","volume":"136","author":"L Sartz","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sartz L, De Jong B, Hjertqvist M, Plym-Forshell L, Alsterlund R, Lofdahl S, Osterman B, Stahl A, Eriksson E, Hansson HB, Karpman D: An outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infection in southern Sweden associated with consumption of fermented sausage; aspects of sausage production that increase the risk of contamination. Epidemiol Infect. 2008, 136 (3): 370-380. 10.1017\/S0950268807008473.","journal-title":"Epidemiol Infect"},{"key":"632_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.016","volume":"105","author":"J Sumner","year":"2005","unstructured":"Sumner J, Ross T, Jenson I, Pointon A: A risk microbiological profile of the Australian red meat industry: risk ratings of hazard-product pairings. Int J Food Microbiol. 2005, 105: 221-232. 10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2005.03.016.","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"},{"key":"632_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.meatsci.2006.04.011","volume":"74","author":"EC Geraldine Duffy","year":"2007","unstructured":"Geraldine Duffy EC: A review of quantitative microbial risk assessment in the management of Escherichia coli O157:H7 on beef. Meat Science. 2007, 74: 76-88. 10.1016\/j.meatsci.2006.04.011.","journal-title":"Meat Science"},{"key":"632_CR48","volume-title":"U S Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, D C","author":"C Reed","year":"1995","unstructured":"Reed C: Challenge study-Escherichia coli O157:H7 in fermented sausage. Letter to plant managers, 28 April 1995. U S Department of Agriculture, Food Safety and Inspection Service, Washington, D C. 1995"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T05:12:55Z","timestamp":1630473175000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]}},"alternative-id":["632"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-8-41","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2008,4,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"7 November 2007","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2008","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 April 2008","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"41"}}