{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,19]],"date-time":"2026-06-19T03:17:30Z","timestamp":1781839050231,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]],"date-time":"2009-06-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1246233600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Post-operative pulmonary infection often appears to result from aspiration of pathogens colonizing the oral cavity. It was hypothesized that impaired periodontal status and pathogenic oral bacteria significantly contribute to development of aspiration pneumonia following neurosurgical operations. Further, the prophylactic effects of a single dose preoperative cefazolin on the oral bacteria were investigated.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A matched cohort of 18 patients without postoperative lung complications was compared to 5 patients who developed pneumonia within 48 hours after brain surgery. Patients waiting for elective operation of a single brain tumor underwent dental examination and saliva collection before surgery. Bacteria from saliva cultures were isolated and periodontal disease was scored according to type and severity. Patients received 15 mg\/kg cefazolin intravenously at the beginning of surgery. Serum, saliva and bronchial secretion were collected promptly after the operation. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of cefazolin regarding the isolated bacteria were determined. The actual antibiotic concentrations in serum, saliva and bronchial secretion were measured by capillary electrophoresis upon completion of surgery. Bacteria were isolated again from the sputum of postoperative pneumonia patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The number and severity of coexisting periodontal diseases were significantly greater in patients with postoperative pneumonia in comparison to the control group (p = 0.031 and p = 0.002, respectively). The relative risk of developing postoperative pneumonia in high periodontal score patients was 3.5 greater than in patients who had low periodontal score (p &lt; 0.0001). Cefazolin concentration in saliva and bronchial secretion remained below detectable levels in every patient.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Presence of multiple periodontal diseases and pathogenic bacteria in the saliva are important predisposing factors of postoperative aspiration pneumonia in patients after brain surgery. The low penetration rate of cefazolin into the saliva indicates that its prophylactic administration may not be sufficient to prevent postoperative aspiration pneumonia. Our study suggests that dental examination may be warranted in order to identify patients at high risk of developing postoperative respiratory infections.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,30]],"date-time":"2009-06-30T06:14:33Z","timestamp":1246342473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Role of pathogenic oral flora in postoperative pneumonia following brain surgery"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kinga","family":"B\u00e1gyi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Angela","family":"Haczku","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ildik\u00f3","family":"M\u00e1rton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"Szab\u00f3","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Attila","family":"G\u00e1sp\u00e1r","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Melinda","family":"Andr\u00e1si","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Imre","family":"Varga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judit","family":"T\u00f3th","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Almos","family":"Klekner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"869_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44S","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90343-V","volume":"91","author":"DE Craven","year":"1991","unstructured":"Craven DE, Steger KA, Barber TW: Preventing nosocomial pneumonia: state of the art and perspectives for the 1990s. Am J Med. 1991, 91: 44S-53S. 10.1016\/0002-9343(91)90343-V.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"869_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199802000-00032","volume":"26","author":"F Fourrier","year":"1998","unstructured":"Fourrier F, Duvivier B, Boutigny H, Roussel-Delvallez M, Chopin C: Colonization of dental plaque: a source of nosocomial infections in intensive care unit patients. Crit Care Med. 1998, 26: 301-308. 10.1097\/00003246-199802000-00032.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1902\/annals.1998.3.1.257","volume":"3","author":"C Hayes","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hayes C, Sparrow D, Cohen M, Vokonas PS, Garcia RI: The association between alveolar bone loss and pulmonary function: the VA Dental Longitudinal Study. Ann Periodontol. 1998, 3: 257-261.","journal-title":"Ann Periodontol"},{"key":"869_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01413.x","volume":"19","author":"SL Russell","year":"1999","unstructured":"Russell SL, Boylan RJ, Kaslick RS, Scannapieco FA, Katz RV: Respiratory pathogen colonization of the dental plaque of institutionalized elders. Spec Care Dentist. 1999, 19: 128-134. 10.1111\/j.1754-4505.1999.tb01413.x.","journal-title":"Spec Care Dentist"},{"key":"869_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1114","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1996.67.10s.1114","volume":"67","author":"FA Scannapieco","year":"1996","unstructured":"Scannapieco FA, Mylotte JM: Relationships between periodontal disease and bacterial pneumonia. J Periodontol. 1996, 67: 1114-1122.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"869_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199206000-00007","volume":"20","author":"FA Scannapieco","year":"1992","unstructured":"Scannapieco FA, Stewart EM, Mylotte JM: Colonization of dental plaque by respiratory pathogens in medical intensive care patients. Crit Care Med. 1992, 20: 740-745. 10.1097\/00003246-199206000-00007.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.165.7.2105078","volume":"165","author":"J Chastre","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chastre J, Fagon JY: Ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2002, 165: 867-903.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000128569.09113.FB","volume":"32","author":"MH Kollef","year":"2004","unstructured":"Kollef MH: Prevention of hospital-associated pneumonia and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Crit Care Med. 2004, 32: 1396-1405. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000128569.09113.FB.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR9","first-page":"647","volume":"110","author":"AK Pierce","year":"1974","unstructured":"Pierce AK, Sanford JP: Aerobic gram-negative bacillary pneumonias. Am Rev Respir Dis. 1974, 110: 647-658.","journal-title":"Am Rev Respir Dis"},{"key":"869_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1159\/000212649","volume":"30","author":"DW Bentley","year":"1984","unstructured":"Bentley DW: Bacterial pneumonia in the elderly: clinical features, diagnosis, etiology, and treatment. Gerontology. 1984, 30: 297-307. 10.1159\/000212649.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"key":"869_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S737","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_9.S737","volume":"13","author":"SM Finegold","year":"1991","unstructured":"Finegold SM: Aspiration pneumonia. Rev Infect Dis. 1991, 13: S737-742.","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"869_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.1999.70.7.793","volume":"70","author":"FA Scannapieco","year":"1999","unstructured":"Scannapieco FA: Role of oral bacteria in respiratory infection. J Periodontol. 1999, 70: 793-802. 10.1902\/jop.1999.70.7.793.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"869_CR13","first-page":"841","volume":"69","author":"Periodontology TAAo","year":"1998","unstructured":"Periodontology TAAo: Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases (position paper). J Periodontal. 1998, 69: 841-850.","journal-title":"J Periodontal"},{"key":"869_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2007.01410a.x","volume":"13","author":"S Paju","year":"2007","unstructured":"Paju S, Scannapieco FA: Oral biofilms, periodontitis, and pulmonary infections. Oral Dis. 2007, 13: 508-512. 10.1111\/j.1601-0825.2007.01410a.x.","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"869_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.1997.tb00977.x","volume":"45","author":"TJ Marrie","year":"1997","unstructured":"Marrie TJ, Blanchard W: A comparison of nursing home-acquired pneumonia patients with patients with community-acquired pneumonia and nursing home patients without pneumonia. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1997, 45: 50-55.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"869_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-5215.2002.51004.x","volume":"51","author":"JM Mylotte","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mylotte JM, Goodnough S, Naughton BJ: Pneumonia versus aspiration pneumonitis in nursing home residents: diagnosis and management. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2003, 51: 17-23. 10.1034\/j.1601-5215.2002.51004.x.","journal-title":"J Am Geriatr Soc"},{"key":"869_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"908","DOI":"10.1016\/S0001-2092(06)60010-0","volume":"83","author":"S Osborne","year":"2006","unstructured":"Osborne S, Gardner G, Gardner A, Franklin S, Tuchy E, Fisher A: Using a monitored test to assess risk of aspiration in postoperative patients. AORN J. 2006, 83: 908-912. 10.1016\/S0001-2092(06)60010-0. 915\u2013922, 925\u2013908","journal-title":"AORN J"},{"key":"869_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1097\/00000542-199301000-00010","volume":"78","author":"MA Warner","year":"1993","unstructured":"Warner MA, Warner ME, Weber JG: Clinical significance of pulmonary aspiration during the perioperative period. Anesthesiology. 1993, 78: 56-62. 10.1097\/00000542-199301000-00010.","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"869_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91208-4","volume":"341","author":"TJ Inglis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Inglis TJ, Sherratt MJ, Sproat LJ, Gibson JS, Hankey PM: Gastroduodenal dysfunction and bacterial colonisation of the ventilated lung. Lancet. 1993, 341: 911-913. 10.1016\/0140-6736(93)91208-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"869_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/68.5.499","volume":"68","author":"TJ Inglis","year":"1992","unstructured":"Inglis TJ, Sproat LJ, Sherratt MJ, Hankey PM, Gibson JS, Shah MV: Gastroduodenal dysfunction as a cause of gastric bacterial overgrowth in patients undergoing mechanical ventilation of the lungs. Br J Anaesth. 1992, 68: 499-502. 10.1093\/bja\/68.5.499.","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"869_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-4943(00)00091-1","volume":"32","author":"S Abe","year":"2001","unstructured":"Abe S, Ishihara K, Okuda K: Prevalence of potential respiratory pathogens in the mouths of elderly patients and effects of professional oral care. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2001, 32: 45-55. 10.1016\/S0167-4943(00)00091-1.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"869_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-4943(95)00672-9","volume":"22","author":"T Yoneyama","year":"1996","unstructured":"Yoneyama T, Hashimoto K, Fukuda H, Ishida M, Arai H, Sekizawa K, Yamaya M, Sasaki H: Oral hygiene reduces respiratory infections in elderly bed-bound nursing home patients. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 1996, 22: 11-19. 10.1016\/0167-4943(95)00672-9.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"869_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1067\/moe.2002.123493","volume":"94","author":"M Adachi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Adachi M, Ishihara K, Abe S, Okuda K, Ishikawa T: Effect of professional oral health care on the elderly living in nursing homes. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 2002, 94: 191-195. 10.1067\/moe.2002.123493.","journal-title":"Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod"},{"key":"869_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1620\/tjem.167.135","volume":"167","author":"K Meguro","year":"1992","unstructured":"Meguro K, Yamagauchi S, Doi C, Nakamura T, Sekizawa K, Sasaki H: Prevention of respiratory infections in elderly bed-bound nursing home patients. Tohoku J Exp Med. 1992, 167: 135-142. 10.1620\/tjem.167.135.","journal-title":"Tohoku J Exp Med"},{"key":"869_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)75550-1","volume":"354","author":"T Yoneyama","year":"1999","unstructured":"Yoneyama T, Yoshida M, Matsui T, Sasaki H: Oral care and pneumonia. Oral Care Working Group. Lancet. 1999, 354: 515-10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)75550-1.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"869_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1124","DOI":"10.1097\/00006123-200011000-00020","volume":"47","author":"CH Alleyne Jr","year":"2000","unstructured":"Alleyne CH, Hassan M, Zabramski JM: The efficacy and cost of prophylactic and perioprocedural antibiotics in patients with external ventricular drains. Neurosurgery. 2000, 47: 1124-1127. 10.1097\/00006123-200011000-00020.","journal-title":"Neurosurgery"},{"key":"869_CR27","first-page":"285","volume":"7","author":"JT DiPiro","year":"1988","unstructured":"DiPiro JT, May JR: Use of cephalosporins with enhanced anti-anaerobic activity for treatment and prevention of anaerobic and mixed infections. Clin Pharm. 1988, 7: 285-302.","journal-title":"Clin Pharm"},{"key":"869_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1108","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.33.7.1108","volume":"33","author":"MS Edwards","year":"1989","unstructured":"Edwards MS, Baker CJ, Butler KM, Mason EO, Laurent JP, Cheek WR: Penetration of cefuroxime into ventricular fluid in cerebrospinal fluid shunt infections. Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1989, 33: 1108-1110.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"869_CR29","first-page":"813","volume":"49","author":"T Hattori","year":"1996","unstructured":"Hattori T, Kobayashi H, Uno T: Study on the penetration of ceftriaxone into cerebrospinal fluid. Jpn J Antibiot. 1996, 49: 813-817.","journal-title":"Jpn J Antibiot"},{"key":"869_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1097\/00008506-200307000-00013","volume":"15","author":"A Klekner","year":"2003","unstructured":"Klekner A, Ga'spa'r A, Kardos S, Szab\u00f3 J, Cs\u00e9csei G: Cefazolin prophylaxis in neurosurgery monitored by capillary electrophoresis. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol. 2003, 15: 249-254. 10.1097\/00008506-200307000-00013.","journal-title":"J Neurosurg Anesthesiol"},{"key":"869_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3418","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.00893-06","volume":"44","author":"A Klekner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Klekner A, Bagyi K, Bognar L, Gaspar A, Andrasi M, Szab\u00f3 J: Effectiveness of cephalosporins in the sputum of patients with nosocomial bronchopneumonia. J Clin Microbiol. 2006, 44: 3418-3421. 10.1128\/JCM.00893-06.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"869_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society Documents","year":"2005","unstructured":"American Thoracic Society Documents: Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005, 171: 388-416. 10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/48.suppl_1.5","volume":"48","author":"JM Andrews","year":"2001","unstructured":"Andrews JM: Determination of minimum inhibitory concentrations. J Antimicrob Chemother. 2001, 48: 5-16. 10.1093\/jac\/48.2.322.","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"869_CR34","volume-title":"Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fifteenth informational supplement: Approved Standard M7-A6","author":"Institute CaLS","year":"2005","unstructured":"Institute CaLS: Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; fifteenth informational supplement: Approved Standard M7-A6. 2005, CLSI, Wayne, PA, US"},{"key":"869_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.08.025","volume":"846","author":"M Andrasi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Andrasi M, Gaspar A, Klekner A: Analysis of cephalosporins in bronchial secretions by capillary electrophoresis after simple pretreatment. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol. 2007, 846: 355-358. 10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.08.025.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol"},{"key":"869_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02494122","volume":"56","author":"A Gaspar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaspar A, Kardos S, Andrasi M, Klekner A: Direct determination of cephalosporins in clinical samples using capillary electrophoresis. Chromatographia. 2002, 56: 109-114. 10.1007\/BF02494122.","journal-title":"Chromatographia"},{"key":"869_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00311-2","volume":"775","author":"A Gaspar","year":"2002","unstructured":"Gaspar A, Andrasi M, Kardos S: Application of capillary zone electrophoresis to the analysis and to a stability study of cephalosporins. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol. 2002, 775: 239-246. 10.1016\/S1570-0232(02)00311-2.","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol"},{"key":"869_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1093\/geronj\/32.2.168","volume":"32","author":"RA Bagramian","year":"1977","unstructured":"Bagramian RA, Heller RP: Dental health assessment of a population of nursing home residents. J Gerontol. 1977, 32: 168-174.","journal-title":"J Gerontol"},{"key":"869_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07493-4","volume":"349","author":"Harvard School of Public Health B, Massachusets, US","year":"1997","unstructured":"Harvard School of Public Health B, Massachusets, US: Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 1997, 349: 1269-1276. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(96)07493-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"869_CR40","first-page":"1496","volume":"38","author":"TD Moore","year":"1981","unstructured":"Moore TD, Bechtel TP, Ayers LW: Effect of multidose therapy on cerebrospinal fluid penetration of cefazolin. Am J Hosp Pharm. 1981, 38: 1496-1499.","journal-title":"Am J Hosp Pharm"},{"key":"869_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"639","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1995.03530080055041","volume":"274","author":"JL Vincent","year":"1995","unstructured":"Vincent JL, Bihari DJ, Suter PM, Bruining HA, White J, Nicolas-Chanoin MH, Wolff M, Spencer RC, Hemmer M: The prevalence of nosocomial infection in intensive care units in Europe. Results of the European Prevalence of Infection in Intensive Care (EPIC) Study. EPIC International Advisory Committee. JAMA. 1995, 274: 639-644. 10.1001\/jama.274.8.639.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"869_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2544","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000089928.84326.D2","volume":"31","author":"J Rello","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rello J, Diaz E: Pneumonia in the intensive care unit. Crit Care Med. 2003, 31: 2544-2551. 10.1097\/01.CCM.0000089928.84326.D2.","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.015","volume":"101","author":"LG Serejo","year":"2007","unstructured":"Serejo LG, da Silva-Junior FP, Bastos JP, de Bruin GS, Mota RM, de Bruin PF: Risk factors for pulmonary complications after emergency abdominal surgery. Respir Med. 2007, 101: 808-813. 10.1016\/j.rmed.2006.07.015.","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"key":"869_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01082-8","volume":"112","author":"BW Fisher","year":"2002","unstructured":"Fisher BW, Majumdar SR, McAlister FA: Predicting pulmonary complications after nonthoracic surgery: a systematic review of blinded studies. Am J Med. 2002, 112: 219-225. 10.1016\/S0002-9343(01)01082-8.","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"869_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.1.178","volume":"115","author":"PE Marik","year":"1999","unstructured":"Marik PE, Careau P: The role of anaerobes in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia and aspiration pneumonia: a prospective study. Chest. 1999, 115: 178-183. 10.1378\/chest.115.1.178.","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"869_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S337","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01715775","volume":"19","author":"DH Wittmann","year":"1991","unstructured":"Wittmann DH, Condon RE: Prophylaxis of postoperative infections. Infection. 1991, 19: S337-344. 10.1007\/BF01715775.","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"869_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1097\/00001199-199910000-00006","volume":"14","author":"AS Morgan","year":"1999","unstructured":"Morgan AS, Mackay LE: Causes and complications associated with swallowing disorders in traumatic brain injury. J Head Trauma Rehabil. 1999, 14: 454-461. 10.1097\/00001199-199910000-00006.","journal-title":"J Head Trauma Rehabil"},{"key":"869_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S35","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2003.00548.x","volume":"9","author":"TJR Society","year":"2004","unstructured":"Society TJR: Aspiration pneumonia. The committee for The Japanese Respiratory Society guidelines in management of respiratory infections. Respirology. 2004, 9: S35-37. 10.1111\/j.1440-1843.2003.00548.x.","journal-title":"Respirology"},{"key":"869_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00006199-196601530-00003","volume":"15","author":"JY Passos","year":"1966","unstructured":"Passos JY, Brand LM: Effects of agents used for oral hygiene. Nurs Res. 1966, 15: 196-202. 10.1097\/00006199-196601530-00003.","journal-title":"Nurs Res"},{"key":"869_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/00002820-197906000-00002","volume":"2","author":"S Beck","year":"1979","unstructured":"Beck S: Impact of a systematic oral care protocol on stomatitis after chemotherapy. Cancer Nurs. 1979, 2: 185-199. 10.1097\/00002820-197906000-00002.","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"key":"869_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2073","DOI":"10.12968\/bjon.2000.9.19.5445","volume":"9","author":"J Roberts","year":"2000","unstructured":"Roberts J: Developing an oral assessment and intervention tool for older people: 3. Br J Nurs. 2000, 9: 2073-2078.","journal-title":"Br J Nurs"},{"key":"869_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archger.2007.08.005","volume":"47","author":"S Abe","year":"2008","unstructured":"Abe S, Ishihara K, Adachi M, Okuda K: Tongue-coating as risk indicator for aspiration pneumonia in edentate elderly. Arch Gerontol Geriatr. 2008, 47: 267-275. 10.1016\/j.archger.2007.08.005.","journal-title":"Arch Gerontol Geriatr"},{"key":"869_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1237","DOI":"10.1902\/jop.2003.74.8.1237","volume":"74","author":"GC Armitage","year":"2003","unstructured":"Armitage GC: Diagnosis of periodontal diseases. J Periodontol. 2003, 74: 1237-1247. 10.1902\/jop.2003.74.8.1237.","journal-title":"J Periodontol"},{"key":"869_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"516","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.01419-06","volume":"73","author":"RG Ledder","year":"2007","unstructured":"Ledder RG, Gilbert P, Huws SA, Aarons L, Ashley MP, Hull PS, McBain AJ: Molecular analysis of the subgingival microbiota in health and disease. Appl Environ Microbiol. 2007, 73: 516-523. 10.1128\/AEM.01419-06.","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"869_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1347","DOI":"10.1097\/01.mlg.0000172201.61487.69","volume":"115","author":"DH Kraus","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kraus DH, Gonen M, Mener D, Brown AE, Bilsky MH, Shah JP: A standardized regimen of antibiotics prevents infectious complications in skull base surgery. Laryngoscope. 2005, 115: 1347-1357. 10.1097\/01.mlg.0000172201.61487.69.","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"869_CR56","first-page":"212","volume":"7","author":"LH Riley","year":"1998","unstructured":"Riley LH: Prophylactic antibiotics for spine surgery: description of a regimen and its rationale. J South Orthop Assoc. 1998, 7: 212-217.","journal-title":"J South Orthop Assoc"},{"key":"869_CR57","first-page":"1757","volume":"37","author":"Y Kodama","year":"1984","unstructured":"Kodama Y, Sakata K, Fujiwara M, Kitsugi T: [Study on penetration of cefotiam into the cerebrospinal fluid]. Jpn J Antibiot. 1984, 37: 1757-1762.","journal-title":"Jpn J Antibiot"},{"key":"869_CR58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1097\/00007632-198909000-00018","volume":"14","author":"RD Fraser","year":"1989","unstructured":"Fraser RD, Osti OL, Vernon-Roberts B: Iatrogenic discitis: the role of intravenous antibiotics in prevention and treatment. An experimental study. Spine. 1989, 14: 1025-1032. 10.1097\/00007632-198909000-00018.","journal-title":"Spine"},{"key":"869_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1589-7","volume":"29","author":"WG Johanson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Johanson WG, Dever LL: Nosocomial pneumonia. Intensive Care Med. 2003, 29: 23-29.","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1097\/00002727-200607000-00011","volume":"29","author":"L Laux","year":"2006","unstructured":"Laux L, Herbert C: Decreasing ventilator-associated pneumonia: getting on board. Crit Care Nurs Q. 2006, 29: 253-258.","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Q"},{"key":"869_CR61","first-page":"725","volume":"50","author":"N Safdar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Safdar N, Crnich CJ, Maki DG: The pathogenesis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: its relevance to developing effective strategies for prevention. Respir Care. 2005, 50: 725-739.","journal-title":"Respir Care"},{"key":"869_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2004.13.1.25","volume":"13","author":"CL Munro","year":"2004","unstructured":"Munro CL, Grap MJ: Oral health and care in the intensive care unit: state of the science. Am J Crit Care. 2004, 13: 25-33.","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"869_CR63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2003.12.004","volume":"33","author":"MJ Grap","year":"2004","unstructured":"Grap MJ, Munro CL, Elswick RK, Sessler CN, Ward KR: Duration of action of a single, early oral application of chlorhexidine on oral microbial flora in mechanically ventilated patients: a pilot study. Heart Lung. 2004, 33: 83-91. 10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2003.12.004.","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"869_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200505-820OC","volume":"173","author":"M Koeman","year":"2006","unstructured":"Koeman M, Ven van der AJ, Hak E, Joore HC, Kaasjager K, de Smet AG, Ramsay G, Dormaus TP, Aarts LP, de Bel EE, Hustinx WN, Tweel van der I, Hoepelman AM, Bonten MJ: Oral decontamination with chlorhexidine reduces the incidence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2006, 173: 1348-1355. 10.1164\/rccm.200505-820OC.","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"869_CR65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1089\/109629601750185316","volume":"2","author":"T Genuit","year":"2001","unstructured":"Genuit T, Bochicchio G, Napolitano LM, McCarter RJ, Roghman MC: Prophylactic chlorhexidine oral rinse decreases ventilator-associated pneumonia in surgical ICU patients. Surg Infect (Larchmt). 2001, 2: 5-18. 10.1089\/109629601750185316.","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"}],"container-title":["BMC Infectious Diseases"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T08:18:41Z","timestamp":1630484321000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcinfectdis.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]},"references-count":65,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["869"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2334-9-104","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2334"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2334","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,29]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 March 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2009","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"29 June 2009","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"104"}}