{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T12:44:51Z","timestamp":1787748291910,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,18]],"date-time":"2009-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1255824000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>\n              <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic>, formerly named <jats:italic>Pneumocystis carinii<\/jats:italic>, is one of the most common opportunistic infections in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentations<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We encountered two cases of spontaneous pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-infected patients being treated for <jats:italic>Pneumocystis jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia with trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Clinicians should be aware that cystic lesions and bronchiectasis can develop in spite of trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole treatment for <jats:italic>P. jirovecii<\/jats:italic> pneumonia. The newly formed bronchiectasis and cyst formation that were noted in follow up high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) but were not visible on HRCT at admission could be risk factors for the development of pneumothorax or pneumomediastinum with subcutaneous emphysema in HIV-patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-171","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,20]],"date-time":"2009-10-20T06:17:00Z","timestamp":1256019420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Newly formed cystic lesions for the development of pneumomediastinum in Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Ju-Yeon","family":"Cho","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong-Min","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong Eun","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Ho","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seung Il","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"936_CR1","unstructured":"HIV\/AIDS surveillance supplemental report. 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