{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T18:20:19Z","timestamp":1787595619813,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1245196800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Infect Dis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Multi-drug-resistant, extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae, constitute an emerging public-health concern. Little data on the molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> is available in Germany. Here we describe the prevalence and molecular epidemiology of ESBL producing-<jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates at a German University hospital.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We analysed 63 non-duplicate clinical ESBL isolates obtained over an 8-month period using PCR and sequence-based ESBL allele typing, plasmid replicon typing, phylogenetic group typing. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) based genotyping and plasmid profiling was performed, as well as confirmatory DNA-based hybridization assays.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Examination of the 63 <jats:italic>Escherichia coli<\/jats:italic> isolates revealed an almost equal distribution among the <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> phylogenetic groups A, B1, B2 and D. High prevalence (36\/63) of the CTX-M-15 gene was observed and an analysis of PFGE-based patterns revealed the presence of this CTX-M allele in multiple clones. Resistance to cefotaxime was a transferable trait and a commonly occurring 145.5 kb conjugative IncFI plasmid was detected in 65% of <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> carrying the CTX-M-15 allele. The rate of transferable antibiotic resistances for GM, SXT, TET, GM-SXT-TET, SXT-TET and GM-TET was 33%, 61%, 61%, 27%, 44% and 11%, respectively. The remaining strains did not have a common IncFI plasmid but harboured transferable IncFI plasmids with sizes that ranged from 97 to 242.5 kb.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our data demonstrate the presence of IncFI plasmids within the prevailing <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> population in a hospital setting and suggest that the dissemination of CTX-M-15 allele is associated to lateral transfer of these well-adapted, conjugative IncFI plasmids among various <jats:italic>E. coli<\/jats:italic> genotypes.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-9-97","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]],"date-time":"2009-06-17T18:14:33Z","timestamp":1245262473000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Conjugative IncFI plasmids carrying CTX-M-15 among Escherichia coliESBL producing isolates at a University hospital in Germany"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Stephen E","family":"Mshana","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Can","family":"Imirzalioglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Hossain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Torsten","family":"Hain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eugen","family":"Domann","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Trinad","family":"Chakraborty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,6,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"862_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1038\/146837a0","volume":"146","author":"E Abraham","year":"1940","unstructured":"Abraham E, Chain PE: An enzyme from bacteria able to destroy penicillin. Nature. 1940, 146: 837-10.1038\/146837a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"862_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.28.2.302","volume":"28","author":"C Kilebe","year":"1985","unstructured":"Kilebe C, Niles BA, Meyer JF, Toledorf-Neutzling RM, Wiedeman B: Evolution of plasmid-coded resistance to broad spectrum cephalosporins. Antimicrob Agent Chemother. 1985, 28: 302-307.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agent Chemother"},{"key":"862_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.1-14.2004","volume":"48","author":"R Bonnet","year":"2004","unstructured":"Bonnet R: Growing group of extended spectrum: the CTX-M enzymes. 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Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 2007, 51: 796-9. 10.1128\/AAC.01070-06.","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"862_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1402.070350","volume":"14","author":"TM Coque","year":"2008","unstructured":"Coque TM, Novais A, Carattoli A, Porel L, Pitout J, Peixe L, Baquero F, Canton R, Nordmann : Dissemination of Clonally related Escherichia coli Strains Expressing Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase CTX-M-15. Emerg Infect Dis. 2008, 14: 195-200. 10.3201\/eid1402.070350.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"862_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01542-07","volume":"46","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2008","unstructured":"Carattoli A, Garcia Fernandez A, Varesi P, Fortin D, Gerardi S, Penni A, Mancini C, Giordano A: Molecular Epidemiology of Escherichia coli producing Extended-Spectrum \u03b2-Lactamases isolated in Rome, Italy. J Clin Microbiol. 2008, 46: 103-108. 10.1128\/JCM.01542-07.","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"862_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1145","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1207.051555","volume":"12","author":"A Carattoli","year":"2006","unstructured":"Carattoli A, Miriagou V, Bertin A, loli A, Colinon C, Villa L, Whichard JM, Rossolin GM: Replicon typing of plasmids encoding resistance to new \u03b2-lactams. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006, 12: 1145-1148.","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"862_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01974-07","volume":"46","author":"N Gonullu","year":"2008","unstructured":"Gonullu N, Aktas Z, Kayacan CB, Sacioglu M, Carattoli A, Yong DE, Walsh TR: Dissemination of CTX-M-15 \u03b2-Lactamases Genes Carried on Inc FI and F11 plasmids among clinical isolates of Escherichia coli in a University Hospital in Istanbul. Turkey. 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