{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,13]],"date-time":"2025-11-13T06:32:56Z","timestamp":1763015576748},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,30]],"date-time":"2007-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1185753600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Med Imaging"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The previously validated NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor ligand [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171 binds with a high affinity to the NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor and displays a slow dissociation from the receptor. Hence, it cannot be used <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> for detecting concentration changes in substance P, the endogenous ligand for the NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor. A radioligand used for monitoring these changes has to enable displacement by the endogenous ligand and thus bind reversibly to the receptor. Small changes in the structure of a receptor ligand can lead to changes in binding characteristics and also in the ability to penetrate the blood-brain barrier. The aim of this study was to use carbon-11 labelled ethyl and propyl iodide with high specific radioactivity in the synthesis of two new and potentially reversible NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-receptor ligands with chemical structures based on [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>[1-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]Ethyl and [1-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]propyl iodide with specific radioactivities of 90 GBq\/\u03bcmol and 270 GBq\/\u03bcmol, respectively, were used in the synthesis of [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171 analogues by alkylation of <jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-desmethyl GR205171. The brain uptake of the obtained (2<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>,3<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>)-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-(1-(2- [1-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]ethoxy-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)ethyl)-2-phenylpiperidin-3-amine <jats:bold>(I)<\/jats:bold> and (2<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>,3<jats:italic>S<\/jats:italic>)-2-phenyl-<jats:italic>N<\/jats:italic>-(1-(2- [1-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]propoxy-5-(3-(trifluoromethyl)-4<jats:italic>H<\/jats:italic>-1,2,4-triazol-4-yl)phenyl)ethyl)piperidin-3-amine <jats:bold>(II)<\/jats:bold> was studied with PET in guinea pigs and rhesus monkeys and compared to the uptake of [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>All ligands had similar uptake distribution in the guinea pig brain. The PET-studies in rhesus monkeys showed that <jats:bold>(II)<\/jats:bold> had no specific binding in striatum. Ligand <jats:bold>(I)<\/jats:bold> had moderate specific binding compared to the [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171. The ethyl analogue <jats:bold>(I)<\/jats:bold> displayed reversible binding characteristics contrary to the slow dissociation rate shown by [<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-<jats:italic>methyl<\/jats:italic>-<jats:sup>11<\/jats:sup>C]GR205171.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The propyl-analogue <jats:bold>(II)<\/jats:bold> cannot be used for detecting changes in NK<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>-ligand levels, while further studies should be performed with the ethyl-analogue <jats:bold>(I)<\/jats:bold>.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2342-7-6","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,2]],"date-time":"2007-08-02T18:15:50Z","timestamp":1186078550000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Synthesis of two potential NK1-receptor ligands using [1-11C]ethyl iodide and [1-11C]propyl iodide and initial PET-imaging"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Stina","family":"Syv\u00e4nen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Jonas","family":"Eriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Tove","family":"Genchel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"\u00d6rjan","family":"Lindhe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Gunnar","family":"Antoni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]},{"given":"Bengt","family":"L\u00e5ngstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,7,30]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"38_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1097\/00004647-199704000-00009","volume":"17","author":"RE Carson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Carson RE, Breier A, de Bartolomeis A, Saunders RC, Su TP, Schmall B, Der MG, Pickar D, Eckelman WC: Quantification of amphetamine-induced changes in [11C]raclopride binding with continuous infusion. 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