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Further, loci identified in these analyses were supported by pathways identified through pathway analysis on the samples.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although no genome-wide significant markers were identified, the combined GWAS findings have pointed to several genes of interest that support GWAS findings for BD from other groups or consortia, such as at<jats:italic>SYNE1<\/jats:italic>on 6q25,<jats:italic>PPP2R2C<\/jats:italic>on 4p16.1,<jats:italic>ZNF659<\/jats:italic>on 3p24.3,<jats:italic>CNTNAP5<\/jats:italic>(2q14.3), and<jats:italic>CDH13<\/jats:italic>(16q23.3). This apparent corroboration across multiple sites gives much confidence to the likelihood of genetic involvement in BD at these loci. In particular, our two-stage strategy found association in both our combined case\/control analysis and the family-based analysis on 1q21.2 (closest gene: sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor 1 gene,<jats:italic>S1PR1<\/jats:italic>) and on 1q24.1 near the gene<jats:italic>TMCO1<\/jats:italic>, and at<jats:italic>CSMD1<\/jats:italic>on 8p23.2, supporting several previous GWAS reports for BD and for schizophrenia. Pathway analysis suggests association of pathways involved in calcium signalling, neuropathic pain signalling, CREB signalling in neurons, glutamate receptor signalling and axonal guidance signalling.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings presented here show support for a number of genes previously implicated genes in the etiology of BD, including<jats:italic>CSMD1<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>SYNE1<\/jats:italic>, as well as evidence for previously unreported genes such as the brain-expressed genes<jats:italic>ADCY2<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>NCALD<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>WDR60<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>SCN7A<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>SPAG16<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-15-2","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,5]],"date-time":"2014-01-05T00:01:10Z","timestamp":1388880070000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":100,"title":["Genome-wide association study of bipolar disorder in Canadian and UK populations corroborates disease loci including SYNE1 and CSMD1"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"15","author":[{"given":"Wei","family":"Xu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sarah","family":"Cohen-Woods","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qian","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Noor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Knight","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Georgina","family":"Hosang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sagar V","family":"Parikh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"De Luca","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Federica","family":"Tozzi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierandrea","family":"Muglia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Julia","family":"Forte","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"McQuillin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingzhao","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hugh MD","family":"Gurling","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James L","family":"Kennedy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"McGuffin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne","family":"Farmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Strauss","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John B","family":"Vincent","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,1,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"1166_CR1","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"2000","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 2000, USA: American Psychiatric Association, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR\u00ae), 4","edition":"4"},{"key":"1166_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1990.03450190043026","volume":"264","author":"DA Regier","year":"1990","unstructured":"Regier DA, Farmer ME, Rae DS, Locke BZ, Keith SJ, Judd LL, Goodwin FK: Comorbidity of mental disorders with alcohol and other drug abuse. 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