{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T03:30:38Z","timestamp":1777606238441,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":64,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]],"date-time":"2012-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1338940800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Identification of causes of dementia soon after symptom onset is important, because appropriate treatment of some causes of dementia can slow or halt its progression or enable symptomatic treatment where appropriate. The accuracy of MRI and CT, and whether MRI is superior to CT, in detecting a vascular component to dementia in autopsy confirmed and clinical cohorts of patients with VaD, combined AD and VaD (\u201cmixed dementia\u201d), and AD remain unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to investigate this question.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We searched eight databases and screened reference lists to identify studies addressing the review question. We assessed study quality using QUADAS. We estimated summary diagnostic accuracy according to imaging finding, and ratios of diagnostic odds ratios (RDORs) for MRI versus CT and high versus low risk of bias.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We included 7 autopsy and 31 non-autopsy studies. There was little evidence that selective patient enrolment and risk of incorporation bias impacted on diagnostic accuracy (p\u2009=\u20090.12 to 0.95). The most widely reported imaging finding was white matter hyperintensities. For CT (11 studies) summary sensitivity and specificity were 71% (95% CI 53%-85%) and 55% (44%-66%). Corresponding figures for MRI (6 studies) were 95% (87%-98%) and 26% (12%-50%). General infarcts was the most specific imaging finding on MRI (96%; 95% CI 94%-97%) and CT (96%; 93%-98%). However, sensitivity was low for both MRI (53%; 36%-70%) and CT (52%; 22% to 80%). No imaging finding had consistently high sensitivity. Based on non-autopsy studies, MRI was more accurate than CT for six of seven imaging findings, but confidence intervals were wide.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is insufficient evidence to suggest that MRI is superior to CT with respect to identifying cerebrovascular changes in autopsy-confirmed and clinical cohorts of VaD, AD, and \u2018mixed dementia\u2019.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,8,1]],"date-time":"2013-08-01T09:56:05Z","timestamp":1375350965000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Is MRI better than CT for detecting a vascular component to dementia? A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Rebecca","family":"Beynon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jonathan A C","family":"Sterne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gordon","family":"Wilcock","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcus","family":"Likeman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Roger M","family":"Harbord","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Astin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Margaret","family":"Burke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Alysson","family":"Bessell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yoav","family":"Ben-Shlomo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James","family":"Hawkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"William","family":"Hollingworth","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Penny","family":"Whiting","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"587_CR1","volume-title":"2011 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures","author":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association","year":"2011","unstructured":"Alzheimer\u2019s Association: 2011 Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Facts and Figures. 2011, http:\/\/www.alz.org\/downloads\/Facts_Figures_2011.pdf,"},{"key":"587_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2855","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.18.2855","volume":"160","author":"DR Gifford","year":"2000","unstructured":"Gifford DR, Holloway RG, Vickrey BG: Systematic review of clinical prediction rules for neuroimaging in the evaluation of dementia. Arch Inter Med. 2000, 160: 2855-2862. 10.1001\/archinte.160.18.2855.","journal-title":"Arch Inter Med"},{"key":"587_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-009-0065-y","volume":"9","author":"HS Kirshner","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirshner HS: Vascular dementia: a review of recent evidence for prevention and treatment. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep. 2009, 9: 437-442. 10.1007\/s11910-009-0065-y.","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"587_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250","volume":"43","author":"GC Roman","year":"1993","unstructured":"Roman GC, Tatemichi TK, Erkinjuntti T, Cummings JL, Masdeu JC, Garcia JH: Vascular dementia: diagnostic criteria for research studies. Report of the NINDS-AIREN International Workshop. Neurology. 1993, 43: 250-260. 10.1212\/WNL.43.2.250.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"587_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939","volume":"34","author":"G McKhann","year":"1984","unstructured":"McKhann G, Drachman D, Folstein M: Clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: Report of the NINCDS-ADRDA Work Group under the auspices of the Department of Health and Human Services Task Force on Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Neurology. 1984, 34: 939-944. 10.1212\/WNL.34.7.939.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"587_CR6","volume-title":"Dementia: Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care","author":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence","year":"2011","unstructured":"National Institute for Clinical Excellence: Dementia: Supporting people with dementia and their carers in health and social care. 2011, National Insititute for Clinical Excellence, London"},{"key":"587_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199608013350507","volume":"335","author":"DS Geldmacher","year":"1996","unstructured":"Geldmacher DS, Whitehouse PJ: Evaluation of dementia. New Eng J Med. 1996, 335: 330-336. 10.1056\/NEJM199608013350507.","journal-title":"New Eng J Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"602","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2010.07.006","volume":"64","author":"P Whiting","year":"2010","unstructured":"Whiting P, Westwood M, Beynon R, Burke M, Sterne JA, Glanville J: Inclusion of methodological filters in searches for diagnostic test accuracy studies misses relevant studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2010, 64 (6): 602-607.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"587_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.07.014","volume":"59","author":"MM Leeflang","year":"2006","unstructured":"Leeflang MM, Scholten RJ, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM: Use of methodological search filters to identify diagnostic accuracy studies can lead to the omission of relevant studies. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006, 59: 234-240. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2005.07.014.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"587_CR10","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1980","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III). 1980, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"587_CR11","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III-R)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1987","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Third Edition (DSM-III-R). 1987, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"587_CR12","volume-title":"Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV)","author":"American Psychiatric Association","year":"1994","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV). 1994, American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC"},{"key":"587_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.42.3.473","volume":"42","author":"HC Chui","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chui HC, Victoroff JI, Margolin D, Jagust W, Shankle R, Katzmann R: Criteria for the diagnosis of ischemic vascular dementia proposed by the state of California Alzheimer\u2019s Disease Diagnostic and Treatment Centers. Neurology. 1992, 42: 473-480. 10.1212\/WNL.42.3.473.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"587_CR14","volume-title":"The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines","author":"World Health Organisation","year":"1992","unstructured":"World Health Organisation: The ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines. 1992, World Health Organisation, Geneva, Switzerland"},{"key":"587_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2288-3-25","volume":"3","author":"P Whiting","year":"2003","unstructured":"Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J: The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2003, 3: 25-10.1186\/1471-2288-3-25.","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"key":"587_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1093\/biostatistics\/kxl004","volume":"8","author":"RM Harbord","year":"2007","unstructured":"Harbord RM, Deeks JJ, Egger M, Whiting P, Sterne JA: A unification of models for meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. Biostatistics. 2007, 8: 239-251.","journal-title":"Biostatistics"},{"key":"587_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2","volume":"7","author":"R DerSimonian","year":"1986","unstructured":"DerSimonian R, Laird N: Meta-analysis in clinical trials. Control Clin Trials. 1986, 7: 177-188. 10.1016\/0197-2456(86)90046-2.","journal-title":"Control Clin Trials"},{"key":"587_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800102","volume":"8","author":"RJ Harris","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harris RJ, Deeks JJ, Altman DG, Bradburn MJ, Harbord RM, Sterne JAC: metan: fixed- and random-effects meta-analysis. Stata J. 2008, 8: 3-28.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"587_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0900900203","volume":"9","author":"RM Harbord","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harbord RM, Whiting P: metandi: Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy using hierarchical logistic regression. Stata J. 2008, 9: 211-229.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"587_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1177\/1536867X0800800403","volume":"8","author":"RM Harbord","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harbord RM, Higgins JPT: Meta-regression in Stata. Stata J. 2008, 8: 493-519.","journal-title":"Stata J"},{"key":"587_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-3-200402030-00010","volume":"140","author":"P Whiting","year":"2004","unstructured":"Whiting P, Rutjes AW, Reitsma JB, Glas AS, Bossuyt PM, Kleijnen J: Sources of variation and bias in studies of diagnostic accuracy: a systematic review. Ann Intern Med. 2004, 140: 189-202.","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"587_CR22","volume-title":"Dementia in the long-term care setting. 48","author":"American Medical Directors Association","year":"2009","unstructured":"American Medical Directors Association: Dementia in the long-term care setting. 48. 2009, American Medical Directors Association (AMDA), Columbia"},{"key":"587_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1097\/00001504-198807000-00014","volume":"1","author":"EM Joyce","year":"1988","unstructured":"Joyce EM, Lishman WA: White matter changes in dementia. Curr Opin Psychiatry. 1988, 1: 475-479. 10.1097\/00001504-198807000-00014.","journal-title":"Curr Opin Psychiatry"},{"key":"587_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8","volume":"75","author":"SM Landau","year":"2010","unstructured":"Landau SM, Harvey D, Madison CM, Reiman EM, Foster NL, Aisen PS, et al: Comparing predictors of conversion and decline in mild cognitive impairment. Neurology. 2010, 75: 230-238. 10.1212\/WNL.0b013e3181e8e8b8.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"587_CR25","first-page":"250","volume":"55","author":"L Mosconi","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mosconi L, McHugh PF: FDG- and amyloid-PET in Alzheimer\u2019s disease: is the whole greater than the sum of the parts?. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011, 55: 250-264.","journal-title":"Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1111\/jon199223131","volume":"2","author":"LL Barclay","year":"1992","unstructured":"Barclay LL, Linden C, Murtagh R: Medial temporal atrophy as a magnetic resonance imaging marker for Alzheimer\u2019s disease. J Neuroimaging. 1992, 2 (3): 131-135.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"587_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2004.08.016","volume":"231","author":"ST Del","year":"2005","unstructured":"Del ST, Hachinski V, Merskey H, Munoz DG: Alzheimer\u2019s disease with and without cerebral infarcts. J Neurol Sci. 2005, 231 (1\u20132): 3-11.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"11","key":"587_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1217","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520470081031","volume":"46","author":"TM Ettlin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Ettlin TM, Staehelin HB, Kischka U, Ulrich J, Scollo-Lavizzari G, Wiggli U, et al: Computed tomography, electroencephalography, and clinical features in the differential diagnosis of senile dementia. A prospective clinicopathologic study. Arch Neurol. 1989, 46 (11): 1217-1220. 10.1001\/archneur.1989.00520470081031.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"587_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.51.8.1037","volume":"51","author":"T Erkinjuntti","year":"1988","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T, Haltia M, Palo J, Sulkava R, Paetau A: Accuracy of the clinical diagnosis of vascular dementia: a prospective clinical and post-mortem neuropathological study. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1988, 51 (8): 1037-1044. 10.1136\/jnnp.51.8.1037.","journal-title":"J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"10","key":"587_CR30","first-page":"825","volume":"97","author":"N Kondo","year":"1995","unstructured":"Kondo N: A study on the difference between clinical and neuropathological diagnoses of age-related dementing illnesses; correlations with Hachinski\u2019s ischemic score. Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi - Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica. 1995, 97 (10): 825-846.","journal-title":"Seishin Shinkeigaku Zasshi - Psychiatria et Neurologia Japonica"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"226","DOI":"10.3143\/geriatrics.31.226","volume":"31","author":"K Meguro","year":"1994","unstructured":"Meguro K, Matsushita M, Yoshida R, Otomo E, Yamaguchi S, Nakagawa T, et al: A clinicopathological study of senile dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type (SDAT) and white matter lesions of Binswanger\u2019s type. Jpn J Geriatr. 1994, 31 (3): 226-231. 10.3143\/geriatrics.31.226.","journal-title":"Jpn J Geriatr"},{"key":"587_CR32","first-page":"65","volume":"60","author":"TA Crum","year":"2003","unstructured":"Crum TA, Luis CA, Loewenstein DA, Pascal S, Bruce-Gregorius J, Petito C, et al: MRI white matter hyperintensities in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) patients do not correlate with vascular disease: A clinico-pathological study. Neurology. 2003, 60: 65-","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"5","key":"587_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/ageing\/24.5.411","volume":"24","author":"K Amar","year":"1995","unstructured":"Amar K, Lewis T, Wilcock G, Scott M, Bucks R: The relationship between white matter low attenuation on brain CT and vascular risk factors: a memory clinic study. Age & Ageing. 1995, 24 (5): 411-415. 10.1093\/ageing\/24.5.411.","journal-title":"Age & Ageing"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1153","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1153","volume":"52","author":"R Barber","year":"1999","unstructured":"Barber R, Gholkar A, Scheltens P, Ballard C, McKeith IG, O\u2019Brien JT: Medial temporal lobe atrophy on MRI in dementia with Lewy bodies. Neurology. 1999, 52 (6): 1153-1158. 10.1212\/WNL.52.6.1153.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"8","key":"587_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1456","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1456","volume":"45","author":"D Charletta","year":"1995","unstructured":"Charletta D, Gorelick PB, Dollear TJ, Freels S, Harris Y: CT and MRI findings among African-Americans with Alzheimer\u2019s disease, vascular dementia, and stroke without dementia. Neurology. 1995, 45 (8): 1456-1461. 10.1212\/WNL.45.8.1456.","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"issue":"6)","key":"587_CR36","first-page":"334","volume":"25(","author":"XS Chen","year":"1992","unstructured":"Chen XS: Application of ischemic score of Hachinski in differentiation of multi-infarct dementia. Chung-Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih [Chinese Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry]. 1992, 25( (6)): 334-37.","journal-title":"Chung-Hua Shen Ching Ching Shen Ko Tsa Chih [Chinese Journal of Neurology & Psychiatry]"},{"issue":"7","key":"587_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1437","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400190067013","volume":"152","author":"PA Engel","year":"1992","unstructured":"Engel PA, Gelber J: Does computed tomographic brain imaging have a place in the diagnosis of dementia?. Arch Intern Med. 1992, 152 (7): 1437-1440. 10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400190067013.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"587_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07931.x","volume":"75","author":"T Erkinjuntti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T, Ketonen L, Sulkava R, Vuorialho M, Palo J: CT in the differential diagnosis between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia. Acta Neurol Scand. 1987, 75 (4): 262-270. 10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb07931.x.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03599.x","volume":"76","author":"T Erkinjuntti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T: Differential diagnosis between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia: evaluation of common clinical methods. Acta Neurol Scand. 1987, 76 (6): 433-442. 10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1987.tb03599.x.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1","key":"587_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.50.1.37","volume":"50","author":"T Erkinjuntti","year":"1987","unstructured":"Erkinjuntti T, Ketonen L, Sulkava R, Sipponen J, Vuorialho M, Iivanainen M: Do white matter changes on MRI and CT differentiate vascular dementia from Alzheimer\u2019s disease?. J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry. 1987, 50 (1): 37-42. 10.1136\/jnnp.50.1.37.","journal-title":"J Neurol, Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"issue":"2","key":"587_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1159\/000213672","volume":"41","author":"GB Frisoni","year":"1995","unstructured":"Frisoni GB, Beltramello A, Binetti G, Bianchetti A, Weiss C, Scuratti A, et al: Computed tomography in the detection of the vascular component in dementia. Gerontology. 1995, 41 (2): 121-128.","journal-title":"Gerontology"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1272\/jnms1923.57.265","volume":"57","author":"M Hagiwara","year":"1990","unstructured":"Hagiwara M: A clinical study on the usefulness of CT and MRI imaging in evaluating differential diagnosis and the degree of dementia in vascular dementia. Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi - J Nippon Med School. 1990, 57 (3): 265-275.","journal-title":"Nippon Ika Daigaku Zasshi - J Nippon Med School"},{"issue":"4","key":"587_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530040029015","volume":"47","author":"A Kertesz","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kertesz A, Polk M, Carr T: Cognition and white matter changes on magnetic resonance imaging in dementia. Arch Neurol. 1990, 47 (4): 387-391. 10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530040029015.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"587_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1159\/000077737","volume":"18","author":"K Nagga","year":"2004","unstructured":"Nagga K, Radberg C, Marcusson J: CT brain findings in clinical dementia investigation\u2013underestimation of mixed dementia. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord. 2004, 18 (1): 59-66. 10.1159\/000077737.","journal-title":"Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord"},{"issue":"961","key":"587_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1259\/bjr\/90498392","volume":"81","author":"N Purandare","year":"2008","unstructured":"Purandare N, Oude Voshaar RC, McCollum C, Jackson A, Burns A: Paradoxical embolisation and cerebral white matter lesions in dementia. Br J Radiol. 2008, 81 (961): 30-34.","journal-title":"Br J Radiol"},{"key":"587_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06411.x","volume":"903","author":"P Scheltens","year":"2000","unstructured":"Scheltens P, Kittner B: Preliminary results from an MRI\/CT-based database for vascular dementia and Alzheimer\u2019s disease. Ann NY Acad Sci. 2000, 903: 542-546. 10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2000.tb06411.x.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"587_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02312288","volume":"1","author":"J Schroder","year":"1989","unstructured":"Schroder J, Haan J, Dickmann E: Computerized tomography (CT) in multi-infarct (MID) and dementia of Alzheimer\u2019s type (DAT). J Neural Transm - Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Dementia Section. 1989, 1 (1\u20132): 127-","journal-title":"J Neural Transm - Parkinson\u2019s Disease and Dementia Section"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1177\/089198879400700308","volume":"7","author":"I Skoog","year":"1994","unstructured":"Skoog I, Palmertz B, Andreasson LA: The prevalence of white-matter lesions on computed tomography of the brain in demented and nondemented 85-year-olds. [Review] [53 refs]. J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol. 1994, 7 (3): 169-175.","journal-title":"J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol"},{"issue":"4","key":"587_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.531343","volume":"40","author":"SS Staekenborg","year":"2009","unstructured":"Staekenborg SS, Koedam EL, Henneman WJ, Stokman P, Barkhof F, Scheltens P, et al: Progression of mild cognitive impairment to dementia: contribution of cerebrovascular disease compared with medial temporal lobe atrophy. Stroke. 2009, 40 (4): 1269-1274. 10.1161\/STROKEAHA.108.531343.","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"1","key":"587_CR50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520130028013","volume":"44","author":"A Steingart","year":"1987","unstructured":"Steingart A, Hachinski VC, Lau C, Fox AJ, Fox H, Lee D, et al: Cognitive and neurologic findings in demented patients with diffuse white matter lucencies on computed tomographic scan (leuko-araiosis). Arch Neurol. 1987, 44 (1): 36-39. 10.1001\/archneur.1987.00520130028013.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/0730-725X(94)92531-3","volume":"12","author":"LO Wahlund","year":"1994","unstructured":"Wahlund LO, Basun H, Almkvist O, NderssonLundman G, Julin P, Saaf J: White matter hyperintensities in dementia: does it matter?. Magn Reson Imaging. 1994, 12 (3): 387-394. 10.1016\/0730-725X(94)92531-3.","journal-title":"Magn Reson Imaging"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03920.x","volume":"80","author":"A Wallin","year":"1989","unstructured":"Wallin A, Blennow K, Uhlemann C, Langstrom G, Gottfries CG: White matter low attenuation on computed tomography in Alzheimer\u2019s disease and vascular dementia - Diagnostic and pathogenetic aspects. Acta Neurol Scand. 1989, 80 (6): 518-523. 10.1111\/j.1600-0404.1989.tb03920.x.","journal-title":"Acta Neurol Scand"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"587_CR53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2007.01.051","volume":"257","author":"A Zimny","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zimny A, Sasiadek M, Leszek J, Czarnecka A, Trypka E, Kiejna A: Does perfusion CT enable differentiating Alzheimer\u2019s disease from vascular dementia and mixed dementia? A preliminary report. J Neurol Sci. 2007, 257 (1\u20132): 114-120.","journal-title":"J Neurol Sci"},{"issue":"7","key":"587_CR54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520310025011","volume":"45","author":"J Aharon-Peretz","year":"1988","unstructured":"Aharon-Peretz J, Cummings JL, Hill MA: Vascular dementia and dementia of the Alzheimer type. Cognition, ventricular size, and leuko-araiosis. Arch Neurol. 1988, 45 (7): 719-721. 10.1001\/archneur.1988.00520310025011.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"587_CR55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.930100207","volume":"10","author":"RE Butler","year":"1995","unstructured":"Butler RE, Costa DC, Greco A, Ell PJ, Katona CLE: Differentiation between Alzheimer\u2019s disease and multi-infarct dementia: SPECT vs MR imaging. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 1995, 10 (2): 121-128. 10.1002\/gps.930100207.","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"587_CR56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"553","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.002","volume":"26","author":"AT Du","year":"2005","unstructured":"Du AT, Schuff N, Chao LL, Kornak J, Ezekiel F, Jagust WJ, et al: White matter lesions are associated with cortical atrophy more than entorhinal and hippocampal atrophy. Neurobiol Aging. 2005, 26 (4): 553-559. 10.1016\/j.neurobiolaging.2004.05.002.","journal-title":"Neurobiol Aging"},{"issue":"5","key":"587_CR57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02832.x","volume":"75","author":"KP Ebmeier","year":"1987","unstructured":"Ebmeier KP, Besson JA, Crawford JR, Palin AN, Gemmel HG, Sharp PF, et al: Nuclear magnetic resonance imaging and single photon emission tomography with radio-iodine labelled compounds in the diagnosis of dementia. Acta Psychiatr Scand. 1987, 75 (5): 549-556. 10.1111\/j.1600-0447.1987.tb02832.x.","journal-title":"Acta Psychiatr Scand"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR58","first-page":"693","volume":"59","author":"R Endo","year":"1989","unstructured":"Endo R: A study of the clinical and the neuroradiological findings in multi-infarct dementia and Alzheimer type dementia. J Tokyo Women\u2019s Med Coll. 1989, 59 (6): 693-704.","journal-title":"J Tokyo Women\u2019s Med Coll"},{"issue":"2","key":"587_CR59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530020061017","volume":"47","author":"M Kobari","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kobari M, Meyer JS, Ichijo M: Leuko-araiosis, cerebral atrophy, and cerebral perfusion in normal aging. Arch Neurol. 1990, 47 (2): 161-165. 10.1001\/archneur.1990.00530020061017.","journal-title":"Arch Neurol"},{"issue":"2","key":"587_CR60","first-page":"273","volume":"11","author":"M Kobari","year":"1990","unstructured":"Kobari M, Meyer JS, Ichijo M, Oravez WT: Leukoaraiosis: correlation of MR and CT findings with blood flow, atrophy, and cognition. Ajnr: Am J Neuroradiol. 1990, 11 (2): 273-281.","journal-title":"Ajnr: Am J Neuroradiol"},{"key":"587_CR61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.1991.tb00194.x","volume":"640","author":"H Lechner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Lechner H, Niederkorn K, Schmidt R: Does cerebrovascular insufficiency contribute to Alzheimer\u2019s disease?. Ann NY Acad Sci. 1991, 640: 74-79.","journal-title":"Ann NY Acad Sci"},{"issue":"10","key":"587_CR62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"960","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90270-2","volume":"21","author":"E London","year":"1986","unstructured":"London E, de Leon MJ, George AE, Englund E, Ferris S, Gentes C, et al: Periventricular lucencies in the CT scans of aged and demented patients. Biol Psychiatry. 1986, 21 (10): 960-962. 10.1016\/0006-3223(86)90270-2.","journal-title":"Biol Psychiatry"},{"issue":"6","key":"587_CR63","first-page":"1512","volume":"26","author":"TF Patankar","year":"2005","unstructured":"Patankar TF, Mitra D, Varma A, Snowden J, Neary D, Jackson A: Dilatation of the Virchow-Robin space is a sensitive indicator of cerebral microvascular disease: study in elderly patients with dementia. Ajnr: Am J Neuroradiol. 2005, 26 (6): 1512-1520.","journal-title":"Ajnr: Am J Neuroradiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"587_CR64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1159\/000116816","volume":"32","author":"R Schmidt","year":"1992","unstructured":"Schmidt R: Comparison of magnetic resonance imaging in Alzheimer\u2019s disease, vascular dementia and normal aging. Eur Neurol. 1992, 32 (3): 164-169. 10.1159\/000116816.","journal-title":"Eur Neurol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T19:26:35Z","timestamp":1630524395000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"references-count":64,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["587"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-12-33","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"31 January 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"6 June 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"33"}}