{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,2]],"date-time":"2026-04-02T06:29:48Z","timestamp":1775111388673,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1158278400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Neurol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is difficult. Rapid confirmatory diagnosis is essential to initiate required therapy. There are very few published reports about the diagnostic significance of 65 kD heat shock protein (hsp) in TBM patients, which is present in a wide range of <jats:italic>Mycobacterium tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> species and elicits a cellular and humoral immune response. In the present study we have conducted a prospective evaluation for the demonstration of 65 kD hsp antigen in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of TBM patients, by indirect ELISA method using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against the 65 kD hsp antigen, for the diagnosis of TBM.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 160 CSF samples of different groups of patients (confirmed TBM {n = 18}, clinically suspected TBM {n = 62}, non TBM infectious meningitis {n = 35} and non-infectious neurological diseases {n = 45}) were analyzed by indirect ELISA method using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The Kruskal Wallis test (Non-Parametric ANOVA) with the Dunnett post test was used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The indirect ELISA method yielded 84% sensitivity and 90% specificity for the diagnosis of TBM using mAb to 65 kD hsp antigen. The mean absorbance value of 65 kD hsp antigen in TBM patients was [0.70 \u00b1 0.23 (0.23\u20131.29)], significantly higher than the non-TBM infectious meningitis group [0.32 \u00b1 0.14 (0.12\u20130.78), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001] and also higher than the non-infectious neurological disorders group [0.32 \u00b1 0.13 (0.20\u20130.78), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.001]. A significant difference in the mean absorbance of 65 kD hsp antigen was noted in the CSF of culture-positive TBM patients [0.94 \u00b1 0.18 (0.54\u20131.29)] when compared with clinically suspected TBM patients [0.64 \u00b1 0.20 (0.23\u20130.98), <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &lt; 0.05].<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The presence of 65 kD hsp antigen in the CSF of confirmed and suspected cases of TBM would indicate that the selected protein is specific to <jats:italic>M. tuberculosis<\/jats:italic> and could be considered as a diagnostic marker for TBM.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]],"date-time":"2006-09-15T18:25:59Z","timestamp":1158344759000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Detection of 65 kD heat shock protein in cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Anju V","family":"Mudaliar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rajpal S","family":"Kashyap","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hemant J","family":"Purohit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Girdhar M","family":"Taori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hatim F","family":"Daginawala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"34_CR1","first-page":"31","volume":"102","author":"BS Philip Wand","year":"2003","unstructured":"Philip Wand BS: Laboratory role in tuberculosis control. Wisc Med J. 2003, 102: 31-4.","journal-title":"Wisc Med J"},{"key":"34_CR2","first-page":"677","volume":"282","author":"C Dye","year":"1999","unstructured":"Dye C, Scheele S, Dolin P, Pathania V, Raviglione MC: Consensus statement. Global burden of tuberculosis: estimated incidence, prevalence, and mortality. WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project. JAMA. 1999, 282: 677-86.","journal-title":"WHO Global Surveillance and Monitoring Project. JAMA"},{"key":"34_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1086\/317663","volume":"183","author":"EM Martin","year":"2001","unstructured":"Martin EM, Sandra MA, Inger B, Ottenhoff HM, Peter A: Use of ESAT-6 and CFP-10 antigens for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis. J Infect Dis. 2001, 183: 175-6. 10.1086\/317663.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"34_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822004000100012","volume":"37","author":"IR Liberato","year":"2004","unstructured":"Liberato IR, de Albuquerque MF, Campelo AR, de Melo HR: Characteristics of pulmonary tuberculosis in HIV seropositive and seronegative patients in a Northeastern region of Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop. 2004, 37: 46-50.","journal-title":"Rev Soc Bras Med Trop"},{"issue":"6","key":"34_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.12.6.752-758.2005","volume":"12","author":"RS Kashyap","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kashyap RS, Dobos KM, Belisle JT, Purohit HJ, Chandak NH, Taori GM, Daginawala HF: Demonstration of components of antigen 85 complex in cerebrospinal fluid of tuberculous meningitis patients. Clin Diagn Lab Immunol. 2005, 12 (6): 752-8. 10.1128\/CDLI.12.6.752-758.2005.","journal-title":"Clin Diagn Lab Immunol"},{"issue":"33(1)","key":"34_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00564.x","volume":"25","author":"V Chaturvedi","year":"2002","unstructured":"Chaturvedi V, Gupta HP: Evaluation of integral membrane antigens of Mycobacterium habana for serodiagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis: association between levels of antibodies and Mycobacterium tuberculosis antigens. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2002, 25 (33(1)): 1-7. 10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00564.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"34_CR7","first-page":"12","volume":"33","author":"S Anuradha","year":"2001","unstructured":"Anuradha S, Kaur R, Singh NP, Baveja UK: Serodiagnosis of extra pulmonary tuberculosis using A-60 antigen. J Commun Dis. 2001, 33 (1): 12-6.","journal-title":"J Commun Dis"},{"key":"34_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-137-4-875","volume":"137","author":"G Harald Wiker","year":"1991","unstructured":"Harald Wiker G, Morten Harboe, Sadamu Nagai: A localization index for distinction between extracellular and intracellular antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J General Micorbiology. 1991, 137: 875-884.","journal-title":"J General Micorbiology"},{"issue":"280(22)","key":"34_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20961","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M411379200","volume":"3","author":"Y Bulut","year":"2005","unstructured":"Bulut Y, Michelsen KS, Hayrapetian L, Naiki Y, Spallek R, Singh M, Arditi M: Mycobacterium tuberculosis heat shock proteins use diverse Toll-like receptor pathways to activate pro-inflammatory signals. J Biol Chem. 2005, 3 (280(22)): 20961-7. 10.1074\/jbc.M411379200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"34_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tube.2005.08.014","volume":"85","author":"R Qamra","year":"2005","unstructured":"Qamra R, Mande SC, Coates AR, Henderson B: The unusual chaperonins of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Tuberculosis (Edinb). 2005, 85: 385-94. 10.1016\/j.tube.2005.08.014.","journal-title":"Tuberculosis (Edinb)"},{"issue":"10","key":"34_CR11","first-page":"883","volume":"11","author":"D Ordway","year":"1998","unstructured":"Ordway D, Moraes MF, Oliveira L, Badura R, Pinheiro MN, Graca JM, Carvalho L, Saldanha T, Abecasis P, Ventura FA: Cellular immune response to mycobacterial antigen. Acta Med Port. 1998, 11 (10): 883-92.","journal-title":"Acta Med Port"},{"issue":"3","key":"34_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1128\/jb.169.3.1080-1088.1987","volume":"169","author":"TM Shinnick","year":"1987","unstructured":"Shinnick TM: The 65-kilodalton antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. J Bacteriol. 1987, 169 (3): 1080-8.","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"6","key":"34_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03421.x","volume":"39","author":"WE Peetermans","year":"1994","unstructured":"Peetermans WE, Raats CJ, Langermans JA, van Furth R: Mycobacterial heat-shock protein 65 induces proinflammatory cytokines but does not activate human mononuclear phagocytes. Scand J Immunol. 1994, 39 (6): 613-7. 10.1111\/j.1365-3083.1994.tb03421.x.","journal-title":"Scand J Immunol"},{"key":"34_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215","volume":"22","author":"S Lindquist","year":"1988","unstructured":"Lindquist S, Craig EA: The heat shock proteins. Annu Rev Genet. 1988, 22: 631-677. 10.1146\/annurev.ge.22.120188.003215.","journal-title":"Annu Rev Genet"},{"key":"34_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3086","DOI":"10.1128\/iai.59.9.3086-3093.1991","volume":"59","author":"DB Young","year":"1991","unstructured":"Young DB, Garbe TR: Heat shock proteins and antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immun. 1991, 59: 3086-3093.","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"34_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1038\/227680a0","volume":"227","author":"UK Laemmali","year":"1970","unstructured":"Laemmali UK: Cleavage of structural proteins during the assembly of the head of bacteriophage T4. Nature. 1970, 227: 680-685. 10.1038\/227680a0.","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"34_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1177\/095646249100200302","volume":"2","author":"PJ Horner","year":"1991","unstructured":"Horner PJ, Moss FM: Tuberculosis in HIV infection. Int J STD AIDS. 1991, 2: 162-7.","journal-title":"Int J STD AIDS"},{"key":"34_CR18","first-page":"233","volume":"91","author":"PA Selwyn","year":"1991","unstructured":"Selwyn PA: Tuberculosis in the AIDS era: A new threat from an old disease. State J Med. 1991, 91: 233-35.","journal-title":"State J Med"},{"key":"34_CR19","first-page":"95","volume":"8","author":"RS Kashyap","year":"2002","unstructured":"Kashyap RS, Biswas SK, Purohit HJ, Chandak N, Agarwal N, Taori GM, Daginawala HF: Application of Mancini technique as a diagnostic test in CSF of tuberculous meningitis patients. Med Sci Monit. 2002, 8: 95-98.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"34_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00573.x","volume":"33","author":"MK Katti","year":"2002","unstructured":"Katti MK: Assessment of antibody responses to antigens of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Cysticercus cellulosae in cerebrospinal fluid of chronic meningitis patients for definitive diagnosis as TBM\/NCC by passive hemagglutination and immunoblot assays. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 2002, 33: 57-61. 10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2002.tb00573.x.","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"34_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1979.03290290032021","volume":"241","author":"DH Kennedy","year":"1979","unstructured":"Kennedy DH, Fallon RJ: Tuberculous meningitis. JAMA. 1979, 241: 264-268. 10.1001\/jama.241.3.264.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"34_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1136\/jnnp.68.3.289","volume":"68","author":"G Thwaites","year":"2000","unstructured":"Thwaites G, Chau TT, Mai NT, Drobniewski F, McAdam K, Farrar J: Tuberculous meningitis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000, 68: 289-299. 10.1136\/jnnp.68.3.289.","journal-title":"J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry"},{"key":"34_CR23","first-page":"52","volume":"51","author":"A Mathai","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathai A, Radhakrishnan VV, Sarada C, George SM: Detection of heat stable mycobacterial antigen in cerebrospinal fluid by Dot-Immunobinding assay. Neurol India. 2003, 51: 52-54.","journal-title":"Neurol India"},{"key":"34_CR24","first-page":"843","volume":"43","author":"H Nakajima","year":"1995","unstructured":"Nakajima H, Hatamura T, Ikemoto T, Ueda K, Nakagawa T, Shimizu A: Evolution of the polymerase chain reaction in the diagnosis of TBM. Rinsho Byori. 1995, 43: 843-846.","journal-title":"Rinsho Byori"},{"key":"34_CR25","first-page":"123","volume":"9","author":"RS Kashyap","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kashyap RS, Kainthla RP, Purohit HJ, Chandak N, Agarwal N, Taori GM, Daginawala HF: Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis using the simple Dot ELISA method. Med Sci Monit. 2003, 9: 123-126.","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"34_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1080\/00365548.1981.11690366","volume":"13","author":"B Galanti","year":"1981","unstructured":"Galanti B, Nardiello S, Russo M, Fiorenitno F: Increased lymphocyte adenosine deaminase in typhoid fever. Scand J Infect Dis. 1981, 13: 47-50.","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"34_CR27","first-page":"99","volume":"38","author":"R Prasad","year":"1991","unstructured":"Prasad R, Kumar A, Khanna BK, Mukerji PK Agarwal SK, Kumar A, Srivastava VM: Adenosine deaminase activity in cerebro-spinal fluid for diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis. Ind J Tub. 1991, 38: 99-102.","journal-title":"Ind J Tub"},{"key":"34_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/158.4.681","volume":"158","author":"G Watt","year":"1988","unstructured":"Watt G, Zaraspe G, Bautista S, Laughlin LW: Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay to detect mycobacterial antigen and antibody in cerebrospinal fluid. J Infect Dis. 1988, 158: 681-686.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"34_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/S0934-8840(11)80642-0","volume":"281","author":"GV Kadival","year":"1994","unstructured":"Kadival GV, Kameswaran M, Doshi R, Todiwala SS, Samuel AM: Detection of antibodies to defined M. tuberculosis antigen (38 kDa) in cerebrospinal fluid of patients with tuberculous meningitis. Zentralbl Bakteriol. 1994, 281: 95-101.","journal-title":"Zentralbl Bakteriol"},{"key":"34_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92792-2","volume":"2","author":"E Krambovitis","year":"1984","unstructured":"Krambovitis E, McIllmurray MB, Lock PE, Hendrickse W, Holzel H: Rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis by latex particle agglutination. Lancet. 1984, 2: 1229-31. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(84)92792-2.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"34_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"586","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_234.x","volume":"113","author":"AG Azov","year":"2005","unstructured":"Azov AG, Koch J, Hamilton-Dutoit SJ: Improved diagnosis of mycobacterial infections in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded sections with nested polymerase chain reaction. APMIS. 2005, 113 (9): 586-93. 10.1111\/j.1600-0463.2005.apm_234.x.","journal-title":"APMIS"},{"issue":"4","key":"34_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04450.x","volume":"55","author":"GR Stewart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Stewart GR, Newton SM, Wilkinson KA, Humphreys IR, Murphy HN, Robertson BD, Wilkinson RJ, Young DB: The stress-responsive chaperone alpha-crystallin 2 is required for pathogenesis of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Mol Microbiol. 2005, 55 (4): 1127-37. 10.1111\/j.1365-2958.2004.04450.x.","journal-title":"Mol Microbiol"}],"container-title":["BMC Neurology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T08:59:17Z","timestamp":1630486757000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcneurol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["34"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2377-6-34","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2377"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2377","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,9,15]]},"assertion":[{"value":"16 June 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"15 September 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"34"}}