{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T11:53:46Z","timestamp":1779191626972,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,16]],"date-time":"2011-10-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1318723200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The most common indication for cesarean section (CS) in nulliparous women is dystocia secondary to ineffective myometrial contractility. The aim of this study was to identify a molecular profile in myometrium associated with dystocic labor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Myometrial biopsies were obtained from the upper incisional margins of nulliparous women undergoing lower segment CS for dystocia (n = 4) and control women undergoing CS in the second stage who had demonstrated efficient uterine action during the first stage of labor (n = 4). All patients were in spontaneous (non-induced) labor and had received intrapartum oxytocin to accelerate labor. RNA was extracted from biopsies and hybridized to Affymetrix HuGene U133A Plus 2 microarrays. Internal validation was performed using quantitative SYBR Green Real-Time PCR.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Seventy genes were differentially expressed between the two groups. 58 genes were down-regulated in the dystocia group. Gene ontology analysis revealed 12 of the 58 down-regulated genes were involved in the immune response. These included (ERAP2, (8.67 fold change (FC)) HLA-DQB1 (7.88 FC) CD28 (2.60 FC), LILRA3 (2.87 FC) and TGFBR3 (2.1 FC)) Hierarchical clustering demonstrated a difference in global gene expression patterns between the samples from dystocic and non-dystocic labours. RT-PCR validation was performed on 4 genes ERAP2, CD28, LILRA3 and TGFBR3<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These findings suggest an underlying molecular basis for dystocia in nulliparous women in spontaneous labor. Differentially expressed genes suggest an important role for the immune response in dystocic labor and may provide important indicators for new diagnostic assays and potential intrapartum therapeutic targets.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,3]],"date-time":"2011-11-03T19:31:29Z","timestamp":1320348689000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Identification of a myometrial molecular profile for dystocic labor"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Donal J","family":"Brennan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sharon F","family":"McGee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Elton","family":"Rexhepaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darran P","family":"O'Connor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Robson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Colm","family":"O'Herlihy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,16]]},"reference":[{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"432_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318204521a","volume":"117","author":"DJ Brennan","year":"2011","unstructured":"Brennan DJ, Murphy M, Robson MS, O'Herlihy C: The singleton, cephalic, nulliparous woman after 36 weeks of gestation: contribution to overall cesarean delivery rates. Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 117 (2 Pt 1): 273-279.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2009.06.021","volume":"201","author":"DJ Brennan","year":"2009","unstructured":"Brennan DJ, Robson MS, Murphy M, O'Herlihy C: Comparative analysis of international cesarean delivery rates using 10-group classification identifies significant variation in spontaneous labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2009, 201 (3): 308-e301. 308","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2 Pt 1","key":"432_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e318160d65d","volume":"111","author":"YM Lee","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lee YM, Wylie BJ, Simpson LL, D'Alton ME: Twin chorionicity and the risk of stillbirth. Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 111 (2 Pt 1): 301-308.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9239","key":"432_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02840-3","volume":"356","author":"ME Hannah","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hannah ME, Hannah WJ, Hewson SA, Hodnett ED, Saigal S, Willan AR: Planned caesarean section versus planned vaginal birth for breech presentation at term: a randomised multicentre trial. Term Breech Trial Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000, 356 (9239): 1375-1383. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)02840-3.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"432_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31817cfdf1","volume":"112","author":"A Riskin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Riskin A, Riskin-Mashiah S, Bader D, Kugelman A, Lerner-Geva L, Boyko V, Reichman B: Delivery mode and severe intraventricular hemorrhage in single, very low birth weight, vertex infants. Obstet Gynecol. 2008, 112 (1): 21-28. 10.1097\/AOG.0b013e31817cfdf1.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"9","key":"432_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"832","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0001-6349.2004.00544.x","volume":"83","author":"M Algovik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Algovik M, Nilsson E, Cnattingius S, Lichtenstein P, Nordenskjold A, Westgren M: Genetic influence on dystocia. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2004, 83 (9): 832-837.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9378(92)91346-C","volume":"166","author":"DJ Cahill","year":"1992","unstructured":"Cahill DJ, Boylan PC, O'Herlihy C: Does oxytocin augmentation increase perinatal risk in primigravid labor?. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1992, 166 (3): 847-850.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5655","key":"432_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5655.477","volume":"2","author":"K O'Driscoll","year":"1969","unstructured":"O'Driscoll K, Jackson RJ, Gallagher JT: Prevention of prolonged labour. Br Med J. 1969, 2 (5655): 477-480. 10.1136\/bmj.2.5655.477.","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1055\/s-2008-1061496","volume":"25","author":"CM Lynch","year":"2008","unstructured":"Lynch CM, Sexton DJ, Hession M, Morrison JJ: Obesity and mode of delivery in primigravid and multigravid women. Am J Perinatol. 2008, 25 (3): 163-167. 10.1055\/s-2008-1061496.","journal-title":"Am J Perinatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.052","volume":"195","author":"A Treacy","year":"2006","unstructured":"Treacy A, Robson M, O'Herlihy C: Dystocia increases with advancing maternal age. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2006, 195 (3): 760-763. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2006.05.052.","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"5326","key":"432_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1126\/science.277.5326.681","volume":"277","author":"Y Sugimoto","year":"1997","unstructured":"Sugimoto Y, Yamasaki A, Segi E, Tsuboi K, Aze Y, Nishimura T, Oida H, Yoshida N, Tanaka T, Katsuyama M, et al: Failure of parturition in mice lacking the prostaglandin F receptor. Science. 1997, 277 (5326): 681-683. 10.1126\/science.277.5326.681.","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"432_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Mahendroo MS, Cala KM, Landrum DP, Russell DW: Fetal death in mice lacking 5alpha-reductase type 1 caused by estrogen excess. Molecular endocrinology. 1997, Baltimore, Md, 11 (7): 917-927. 10.1210\/me.11.7.917.","DOI":"10.1210\/mend.11.7.9933"},{"key":"432_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Algovik M, Lagercrantz J, Westgren M, Nordenskjold A: No mutations found in candidate genes for dystocia. Human reproduction. 1999, Oxford, England, 14 (10): 2451-2454. 10.1093\/humrep\/14.10.2451.","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/14.10.2451"},{"key":"432_CR14","volume-title":"The active management of labor","author":"K O'Driscoll","year":"2004","unstructured":"O'Driscoll K, Meagher D, Robson M: The active management of labor. 2004, New York: Mosby Year Book Limited"},{"key":"432_CR15","volume-title":"R Foundation for Statistical Computing","author":"RDC Team","year":"2008","unstructured":"Team RDC: A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing. 2008"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg405","volume":"20","author":"L Gautier","year":"2004","unstructured":"Gautier L, Cope L, Bolstad BM, Irizarry RA: affy--analysis of Affymetrix GeneChip data at the probe level. Bioinformatics. 2004, 20 (3): 307-315. 10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btg405.","journal-title":"Bioinformatics"},{"issue":"6","key":"432_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.2174\/1568009043332853","volume":"4","author":"L Dolle","year":"2004","unstructured":"Dolle L, Adriaenssens E, El Yazidi-Belkoura I, Le Bourhis X, Nurcombe V, Hondermarck H: Nerve growth factor receptors and signaling in breast cancer. Curr Cancer Drug Targets. 2004, 4 (6): 463-470. 10.2174\/1568009043332853.","journal-title":"Curr Cancer Drug Targets"},{"key":"432_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Breuiller-Fouche M, Germain G: Gene and protein expression in the myometrium in pregnancy and labor. Reproduction. 2006, Cambridge, England, 131 (5): 837-850. 10.1530\/rep.1.00725.","DOI":"10.1530\/rep.1.00725"},{"issue":"2","key":"432_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.021","volume":"193","author":"MS Esplin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Esplin MS, Fausett MB, Peltier MR, Hamblin S, Silver RM, Branch DW, Adashi EY, Whiting D: The use of cDNA microarray to identify differentially expressed labor-associated genes within the human myometrium during labor. American journal of obstetrics and gynecology. 2005, 193 (2): 404-413. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.12.021.","journal-title":"American journal of obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.032979","volume":"72","author":"JC Havelock","year":"2005","unstructured":"Havelock JC, Keller P, Muleba N, Mayhew BA, Casey BM, Rainey WE, Word RA: Human myometrial gene expression before and during parturition. Biology of reproduction. 2005, 72 (3): 707-719. 10.1095\/biolreprod.104.032979.","journal-title":"Biology of reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"432_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2289","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.102.013763","volume":"68","author":"G Charpigny","year":"2003","unstructured":"Charpigny G, Leroy MJ, Breuiller-Fouche M, Tanfin Z, Mhaouty-Kodja S, Robin P, Leiber D, Cohen-Tannoudji J, Cabrol D, Barberis C, et al: A functional genomic study to identify differential gene expression in the preterm and term human myometrium. Biology of reproduction. 2003, 68 (6): 2289-2296.","journal-title":"Biology of reproduction"},{"issue":"6","key":"432_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e169","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030169","volume":"3","author":"R Bukowski","year":"2006","unstructured":"Bukowski R, Hankins GD, Saade GR, Anderson GD, Thornton S: Labor-associated gene expression in the human uterine fundus, lower segment, and cervix. PLoS medicine. 2006, 3 (6): e169-10.1371\/journal.pmed.0030169.","journal-title":"PLoS medicine"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"707","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.104.032979","volume":"72","author":"J Havelock","year":"2005","unstructured":"Havelock J, Keller P, Muleba N, Mayhew B, Casey B, Rainey W, Word R: Human myometrial gene expression before and during parturition. Biology of reproduction. 2005, 72 (3): 707-719. 10.1095\/biolreprod.104.032979.","journal-title":"Biology of reproduction"},{"issue":"1","key":"432_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70260-1","volume":"179","author":"ML Berg-Lek\u00e5s","year":"1998","unstructured":"Berg-Lek\u00e5s ML, H\u00f6gberg U, Winkvist A: Familial occurrence of dystocia. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998, 179 (1): 117-121. 10.1016\/S0002-9378(98)70260-1.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"2","key":"432_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2010.09.025","volume":"204","author":"P Mittal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Mittal P, Romero R, Tarca AL, Draghici S, Nhan-Chang CL, Chaiworapongsa T, Hotra J, Gomez R, Kusanovic JP, Lee DC, et al: A molecular signature of an arrest of descent in human parturition. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 204 (2): 177-e115. 133","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"432_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.01.002","volume":"204","author":"ER Unal","year":"2011","unstructured":"Unal ER, Cierny JT, Roedner C, Newman R, Goetzl L: Maternal inflammation in spontaneous term labor. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 204 (3): 223-e221. 225","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"432_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1007\/s00439-009-0714-x","volume":"126","author":"MP Johnson","year":"2009","unstructured":"Johnson MP, Roten LT, Dyer TD, East CE, Forsmo S, Blangero J, Brennecke SP, Austgulen R, Moses EK: The ERAP2 gene is associated with preeclampsia in Australian and Norwegian populations. Hum Genet. 2009, 126 (5): 655-666. 10.1007\/s00439-009-0714-x.","journal-title":"Hum Genet"},{"issue":"1","key":"432_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2350-12-64","volume":"12","author":"LD Hill","year":"2011","unstructured":"Hill LD, Hilliard DD, York TP, Srinivas S, Kusanovic JP, Gomez R, Elovitz MA, Romero R, Strauss JF: Fetal ERAP2 variation is associated with preeclampsia in African Americans in a case-control study. BMC Med Genet. 2011, 12 (1): 64-","journal-title":"BMC Med Genet"},{"issue":"34","key":"432_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32275","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M305076200","volume":"278","author":"T Tanioka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tanioka T, Hattori A, Masuda S, Nomura Y, Nakayama H, Mizutani S, Tsujimoto M: Human leukocyte-derived arginine aminopeptidase. The third member of the oxytocinase subfamily of aminopeptidases. J Biol Chem. 2003, 278 (34): 32275-32283. 10.1074\/jbc.M305076200.","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"10","key":"432_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1001157","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001157","volume":"6","author":"AM Andres","year":"2010","unstructured":"Andres AM, Dennis MY, Kretzschmar WW, Cannons JL, Lee-Lin SQ, Hurle B, Schwartzberg PL, Williamson SH, Bustamante CD, Nielsen R, et al: Balancing selection maintains a form of ERAP2 that undergoes nonsense-mediated decay and affects antigen presentation. PLoS Genet. 2010, 6 (10): e1001157-10.1371\/journal.pgen.1001157.","journal-title":"PLoS Genet"},{"issue":"4","key":"432_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"894","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(16)37842-5","volume":"70","author":"ES Taylor","year":"1955","unstructured":"Taylor ES, Bruns PD, Anker RM, Drose VE: Correlation of urinary estrogen-pregnanediol excretion with uterine motility during pregnancy. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1955, 70 (4): 894-909.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"432_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9378(15)33392-5","volume":"100","author":"FP Zuspan","year":"1968","unstructured":"Zuspan FP, Talledo E: Factors affecting delivery in eclampsia: the condition of the cervix and uterine activity. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1968, 100 (5): 672-685.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"5","key":"432_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.3109\/14767050903168432","volume":"23","author":"LH Kim","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kim LH, Cheng YW, Delaney S, Jelin AC, Caughey AB: Is preeclampsia associated with an increased risk of cesarean delivery if labor is induced?. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010, 23 (5): 383-388. 10.3109\/14767050903168432.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"432_CR34","first-page":"665","volume":"84","author":"A Ben-Haroush","year":"2005","unstructured":"Ben-Haroush A, Yogev Y, Glickman H, Kaplan B, Hod M, Bar J: Mode of delivery in pregnant women with hypertensive disorders and unfavorable cervix following induction of labor with vaginal application of prostaglandin E. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2005, 84 (7): 665-671.","journal-title":"Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand"},{"issue":"4","key":"432_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00043-4","volume":"89","author":"EM Xenakis","year":"1997","unstructured":"Xenakis EM, Piper JM, Field N, Conway D, Langer O: Preeclampsia: is induction of labor more successful?. Obstetrics and gynecology. 1997, 89 (4): 600-603. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(97)00043-4.","journal-title":"Obstetrics and gynecology"},{"issue":"8","key":"432_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.3899\/jrheum.091119","volume":"37","author":"H An","year":"2010","unstructured":"An H, Chandra V, Piraino B, Borges L, Geczy C, McNeil HP, Bryant K, Tedla N: Soluble LILRA3, a potential natural antiinflammatory protein, is increased in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and is tightly regulated by interleukin 10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, and interferon-gamma. J Rheumatol. 2010, 37 (8): 1596-1606. 10.3899\/jrheum.091119.","journal-title":"J Rheumatol"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T17:16:44Z","timestamp":1630516604000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,16]]},"references-count":36,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["432"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-11-74","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,10,16]]},"assertion":[{"value":"11 August 2011","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"16 October 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"74"}}