{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T22:02:38Z","timestamp":1791496958297,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,1]],"date-time":"2013-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1385856000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]],"date-time":"2013-12-30T02:01:24Z","timestamp":1388368884000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":164,"title":["Estimating the prevalence of obstetric fistula: a systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"A J","family":"Adler","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Ronsmans","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C","family":"Calvert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"V","family":"Filippi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,12,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"1309_CR1","volume-title":"Obstetric fistula: guiding principles for clinical management and programme development","author":"WHO","year":"2006","unstructured":"WHO: Obstetric fistula: guiding principles for clinical management and programme development. 2006, Geneva: World Health Organization"},{"issue":"7 Suppl 1","key":"1309_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1097\/00006254-200507001-00002","volume":"60","author":"LL Wall","year":"2005","unstructured":"Wall LL, Arrowsmith SD, Briggs ND, Browning A, Lassey A: The obstetric vesicovaginal fistula in the developing world. Obste & gyne survey. 2005, 60 (7 Suppl 1): S3-S51.","journal-title":"Obste & gyne survey"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01894198","volume":"7","author":"KA Danso","year":"1996","unstructured":"Danso KA, Martey JO, Wall LL, Elkins TE: The epidemiology of genitourinary fistulae in Kumasi, Ghana, 1977-1992. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1996, 7 (3): 117-120. 10.1007\/BF01894198.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1080\/003655999750016069","volume":"33","author":"NC Langkilde","year":"1999","unstructured":"Langkilde NC, Pless TK, Lundbeck F, Nerstrom B: Surgical repair of vesicovaginal fistulae\u2013a ten-year retrospective study. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1999, 33 (2): 100-103. 10.1080\/003655999750016069.","journal-title":"Scand J Urol Nephrol"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2010.13904","volume":"6","author":"A Karateke","year":"2010","unstructured":"Karateke A, Cam C, Ozdemir A, Guney B, Vatansever D, Celik C: Characteristics of obstetric fistulas and the need for a prognostic classification system. Archives of Med Sci. 2010, 6 (2): 253-256.","journal-title":"Archives of Med Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"44","DOI":"10.1016\/S1701-2163(16)32712-8","volume":"30","author":"M Muleta","year":"2008","unstructured":"Muleta M, Hamlin EC, Fantahun M, Kennedy RC, Tafesse B: Health and social problems encountered by treated and untreated obstetric fistula patients in rural Ethiopia. J Obstet Gynaecol Can. 2008, 30 (1): 44-50.","journal-title":"J Obstet Gynaecol Can"},{"issue":"4","key":"1309_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1011","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.007","volume":"190","author":"LL Wall","year":"2004","unstructured":"Wall LL, Karshima JA, Kirschner C, Arrowsmith SD: The obstetric vesicovaginal fistula: characteristics of 899 patients from Jos, Nigeria. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2004, 190 (4): 1011-1019. 10.1016\/j.ajog.2004.02.007.","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"11","key":"1309_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1439","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01419.x","volume":"114","author":"A Browning","year":"2007","unstructured":"Browning A, Fentahun W, Goh JT: The impact of surgical treatment on the mental health of women with obstetric fistula. BJOG. 2007, 114 (11): 1439-1441. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01419.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"4","key":"1309_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01901602","volume":"9","author":"P Hilton","year":"1998","unstructured":"Hilton P, Ward A: Epidemiological and surgical aspects of urogenital fistulae: a review of 25 years\u2019 experience in southeast Nigeria. Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct. 1998, 9 (4): 189-194. 10.1007\/BF01901602.","journal-title":"Int Urogynecol J Pelvic Floor Dysfunct"},{"issue":"8","key":"1309_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1010","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01353.x","volume":"114","author":"A Holme","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holme A, Breen M, MacArthur C: Obstetric fistulae: a study of women managed at the Monze Mission Hospital, Zambia. BJOG. 2007, 114 (8): 1010-1017. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2007.01353.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"9","key":"1309_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1328","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00712.x","volume":"112","author":"JT Goh","year":"2005","unstructured":"Goh JT, Sloane KM, Krause HG, Browning A, Akhter S: Mental health screening in women with genital tract fistulae. BJOG. 2005, 112 (9): 1328-1330. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2005.00712.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"key":"1309_CR12","volume-title":"Global Burden of Obstructed Labour in the Year 2000","author":"C Dolea","year":"2003","unstructured":"Dolea C, AbouZhar C: Global Burden of Obstructed Labour in the Year 2000. 2003, Geneva: World Health Organisation, http:\/\/www.who.int\/healthinfo\/statistics\/bod_obstructedlabour.pd ,"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"1309_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2007.06.010","volume":"99","author":"C Stanton","year":"2007","unstructured":"Stanton C, Holtz SA, Ahmed S: Challenges in measuring obstetric fistula. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2007, 99 (Suppl 1): S4-S9.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.01.002","volume":"23","author":"TY Leung","year":"2009","unstructured":"Leung TY, Chung TKH: Severe chronic morbidity following childbirth. Best Prac Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2009, 23 (3): 401-423. 10.1016\/j.bpobgyn.2009.01.002.","journal-title":"Best Prac Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.2307\/2137888","volume":"28","author":"C Ronsmans","year":"1997","unstructured":"Ronsmans C, Achadi E, Cohen S, Zazri A: Women\u2019s recall of obstetric complications in south Kalimantan Indonesia. Stud Fam Plann. 1997, 28 (3): 203-214. 10.2307\/2137888.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"4","key":"1309_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2000.00309.x","volume":"31","author":"V Filippi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Filippi V, Ronsmans C, Gandaho T, Graham W, Alihonou E, Santos P: Women\u2019s reports of severe (near-miss) obstetric complications in Benin. Stud Fam Plann. 2000, 31 (4): 309-324. 10.1111\/j.1728-4465.2000.00309.x.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1002\/jrsm.12","volume":"1","author":"M Borenstein","year":"2010","unstructured":"Borenstein M, Hedges LV, Higgins JPT, Rothstein HR: A basic introduction to fixed-effect and random-effects models for meta-analysis. Res Syn Methods. 2010, 1 (2): 97-111. 10.1002\/jrsm.12.","journal-title":"Res Syn Methods"},{"issue":"11","key":"1309_CR18","first-page":"525","volume":"84","author":"M Muleta","year":"2007","unstructured":"Muleta M, Fantahun M, Tafesse B, Hamlin EC, Kennedy RC: Obstetric fistula in rural Ethiopia. East Afr Med J. 2007, 84 (11): 525-533.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.2307\/2138112","volume":"28","author":"JC Bhatia","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bhatia JC, Cleland J, Bhagavan L, Rao NS: Levels and determinants of gynecological morbidity in a district of south India. Stud Fam Plann. 1997, 28 (2): 95-103. 10.2307\/2138112.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.09.006","volume":"91","author":"N Fronczak","year":"2005","unstructured":"Fronczak N, Antelman G, Moran AC, Caulfield LE, Baqui AH: Delivery-related complications and early postpartum morbidity in Dhaka, Bangladesh. Int J of Gynecology & Obstetrics. 2005, 91 (3): 271-278. 10.1016\/j.ijgo.2005.09.006.","journal-title":"Int J of Gynecology & Obstetrics"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.12.019","volume":"109","author":"LV Kalilani-Phiri","year":"2010","unstructured":"Kalilani-Phiri LV, Umar E, Lazaro D, Lunguzi J, Chilungo A: Prevalence of obstetric fistula in Malawi. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2010, 109 (3): 204-208. 10.1016\/j.ijgo.2009.12.019.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00374-X","volume":"73","author":"C Vangeenderhuysen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Vangeenderhuysen C, Prual A, Ould el Joud D: Obstetric fistulae: incidence estimates for sub-Saharan Africa. Int J Gynaecol Obstet. 2001, 73 (1): 65-66. 10.1016\/S0020-7292(00)00374-X.","journal-title":"Int J Gynaecol Obstet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.4314\/wajm.v23i1.28071","volume":"23","author":"MA Ijaiya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Ijaiya MA, Aboyeji PA: Obstetric urogenital fistula: the Ilorin experience Nigeria. West Afr J Med. 2004, 23 (1): 7-9.","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"issue":"9263","key":"1309_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1161","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04333-6","volume":"357","author":"G Walraven","year":"2001","unstructured":"Walraven G, Scherf C, West B, Ekpo G, Paine K, Coleman R, Bailey R, Morison L: The burden of reproductive-organ disease in rural women in The Gambia West Africa. Lancet. 2001, 357 (9263): 1161-1167. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(00)04333-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.2307\/2137969","volume":"28","author":"A Bulut","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bulut A, Filippi V, Marshall T, Nalbant H, Yolsal N, Graham W: Contraceptive choice and reproductive morbidity in Istanbul. Stud Fam Plann. 1997, 28 (1): 35-43. 10.2307\/2137969.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01707.x","volume":"33","author":"R Al-Qutob","year":"2001","unstructured":"Al-Qutob R, Mawajdeh S, Massad D: Can a home-based pelvic examination be used in assessing reproductive morbidity in population-based studies? A Jordanian experience. J Adv Nurs. 2001, 33 (5): 603-612. 10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2001.01707.x.","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"9","key":"1309_CR27","first-page":"639","volume":"81","author":"ME Deeb","year":"2003","unstructured":"Deeb ME, Awwad J, Yeretzian JS, Kaspar HG: Prevalence of reproductive tract infections, genital prolapse, and obesity in a rural community in Lebanon. Bull World Health Organ. 2003, 81 (9): 639-645.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR28","first-page":"881","volume":"28","author":"A Al-Riyami","year":"2007","unstructured":"Al-Riyami A, Afifi M, Morsi M, Mabry R: A national study of gynecological morbidities in Oman Effect of women\u2019s autonomy. Saudi Med J. 2007, 28 (6): 881-890.","journal-title":"Saudi Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"1309_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.2307\/2939232","volume":"24","author":"N Younis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Younis N, Khattab H, Zurayk H, el-Mouelhy M, Amin MF, Farag AM: A community study of gynecological and related morbidities in rural Egypt. Stud Fam Plann. 1993, 24 (3): 175-186. 10.2307\/2939232.","journal-title":"Stud Fam Plann"},{"issue":"9595","key":"1309_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61574-8","volume":"370","author":"V Filippi","year":"2007","unstructured":"Filippi V, Ganaba R, Baggaley RF, Marshall T, Storeng KT, Sombi\u00e9 I, Ouattara F, Ouedraogo T, Akoum M, Meda N: Health of women after severe obstetric complications in Burkina Faso: a longitudinal study. Lancet. 2007, 370 (9595): 1329-1337. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61574-8.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"6","key":"1309_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02534.x","volume":"15","author":"V Filippi","year":"2010","unstructured":"Filippi V, Goufodji S, Sismanidis C, Kanhonou L, Fottrell E, Ronsmans C, Alihonou E, Patel V: Effects of severe obstetric complications on women\u2019s health and infant mortality in Benin. Trop Med Int Health. 2010, 15 (6): 733-742. 10.1111\/j.1365-3156.2010.02534.x.","journal-title":"Trop Med Int Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1309_CR32","first-page":"10","volume":"2","author":"A Prual","year":"1998","unstructured":"Prual A, Huguet D, Garbin O, Rabe G: Severe obstetric morbidity of the third trimester, delivery and early puerperium in Niamey (Niger). Afr J Reprod Health. 1998, 2 (1): 10-19.","journal-title":"Afr J Reprod Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1309_CR33","first-page":"143","volume":"30","author":"J Ferdous","year":"2012","unstructured":"Ferdous J, Ahmed A, Dasgupta SK, Jahan M, Huda FA, Ronsmans C, Koblinsky M, Chowdhury ME: Occurrence and determinants of postpartum maternal morbidities and disabilities among women in Matlab, Bangladesh. J Health and Pop Nutrition. 2012, 30 (2): 143-158.","journal-title":"J Health and Pop Nutrition"},{"key":"1309_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-863","volume":"11","author":"RF Tehrani","year":"2011","unstructured":"Tehrani RF: Reproductive morbidity among Iranian women; issues often inappropriately addressed in health seeking behaviors. BMC Public Health. 2011, 11: 863-10.1186\/1471-2458-11-863.","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"1309_CR35","volume-title":"Indian Council for Medical Research 2007","author":"R Kulkarni","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kulkarni R: Magnitude and determinants of chronic obstetric morbidities in Nasik District in Maharashtra. Indian Council for Medical Research 2007. 2007, Available at: http:\/\/www.icmrnicin\/annual\/2007-08\/nirrh\/chapter5pdf 2007"},{"key":"1309_CR36","volume-title":"Postgraduate training course in reproductive health 2004","author":"HM Mabeya","year":"2004","unstructured":"Mabeya HM: Characteristics of women admitted with obstetric fistula in the rural hospitals in west Pokot, Kenya. Postgraduate training course in reproductive health 2004. 2004, Available at http:\/\/wwwgfmerch\/Medical_education_En\/PGC_RH_2004\/Obstetric_fistula_Kenyahtm accessed Sept 6, 2011 2004"},{"key":"1309_CR37","volume-title":"Obstetric fistula needs assessment report: Findings from nine African countries","author":"E Health","year":"2003","unstructured":"Health E, UNFPA: Obstetric fistula needs assessment report: Findings from nine African countries. 2003, New York: UNFPA"},{"issue":"5","key":"1309_CR38","first-page":"593","volume":"78","author":"A Prual","year":"2000","unstructured":"Prual A, Bouvier-Colle MH, de Bernis L, Breart G: Severe maternal morbidity from direct obstetric causes in West Africa: incidence and case fatality rates. Bull World Health Organ. 2000, 78 (5): 593-602.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"key":"1309_CR39","volume-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions\u00a0Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]","year":"2011","unstructured":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions\u00a0Version 5.1.0 [updated March 2011]. Edited by: Higgins JPT, Green S. 2011, The Cochrane Collaboration, Available from http:\/\/www.cochrane-handbook.org"},{"issue":"9546","key":"1309_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1516","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69639-6","volume":"368","author":"C Ronsmans","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ronsmans C, Holtz S, Stanton C: Socioeconomic differentials in caesarean rates in developing countries: a retrospective analysis. Lancet. 2006, 368 (9546): 1516-1523. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(06)69639-6.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,9]],"date-time":"2023-07-09T10:51:39Z","timestamp":1688899899000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-13-246","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"article-number":"246"}}