{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T04:48:45Z","timestamp":1764305325292},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1398902400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To analyze trends in LBW (low birth weight) rate using birth registry data and identify factors associated with LBW in S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds comparing two birth cohorts separated by a 12-year interval.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>2,426 births were included in 1997\/98 and 5,040 in 2010. The dependent variable was LBW (&lt;2,500\u00a0g). Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association of independent variables with LBW. Data were also obtained from SINASC (Brazilian National Birth Registry) to analyze stillbirth and LBW rates trends from 1996 to 2010, using 3-year moving averages.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>LBW, intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth rates did not differ between the two cohorts. Despite this, birth registry data showed increasing LBW rate up to 2001, coinciding with decreasing stillbirth rate. Both stillbirth and LBW rates decreased thereafter. A significant reduction was observed in the percentage of teenage mothers, mothers with up to 4\u00a0years of education, family income up to one minimum wage and mothers who did not attend prenatal care. There was an increase in maternal age \u226535\u00a0years and schooling \u226512\u00a0years. The variables associated with LBW in 1997\/98 were young maternal age (&lt;18\u00a0years), maternal smoking during pregnancy and primiparity. Variables that remained in the adjusted model in 2010 were female gender, income &lt;3 minimum wages, lack of prenatal care, maternal smoking during pregnancy and primiparity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although LBW rate did not differ between the two cohorts, this apparent stability masked an increase up to 2001 and a decrease thereafter. The rise in LBW rate paralleled reduction in the stillbirth rate, suggesting improvement in obstetrical and newborn care. Maternal, socioeconomic and demographic factors associated with LBW differed between the two cohorts, except for smoking during pregnancy and parity that were significantly associated with LBW in both cohorts.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]],"date-time":"2014-05-01T11:13:48Z","timestamp":1398942828000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"title":["Low birth weight in S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, northeastern Brazil: trends and associated factors"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Helma Jane Ferreira","family":"Veloso","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ant\u00f4nio Augusto Moura","family":"da Silva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Helo\u00edsa","family":"Bettiol","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marcelo Zubar\u00e1n","family":"Goldani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Fernando Lamy","family":"Filho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vanda Maria Ferreira","family":"Sim\u00f5es","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ros\u00e2ngela Fernandes Lucena","family":"Batista","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco Ant\u00f4nio","family":"Barbieri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"reference":[{"issue":"5","key":"1036_CR1","first-page":"663","volume":"65","author":"MS Kramer","year":"1987","unstructured":"Kramer MS: Determinants of low birth weight: methodological assessment and meta-analysis. Bull World Health Organ. 1987, 65 (5): 663-737.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"9462","key":"1036_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71042-4","volume":"365","author":"FC Barros","year":"2005","unstructured":"Barros FC, Victora CG, Barros AJ, Santos IS, Albernaz E, Matijasevich A, Domingues MR, Sclowitz IK, Hallal PC, Silveira MF, et al: The challenge of reducing neonatal mortality in middle-income countries: findings from three Brazilian birth cohorts in 1982, 1993, and 2004. Lancet. 2005, 365 (9462): 847-854. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(05)71042-4.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"1036_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036128","volume":"15","author":"GS Berkowitz","year":"1993","unstructured":"Berkowitz GS, Papiernik E: Epidemiology of Preterm Birth. Epidemiol Rev. 1993, 15: 414-443. http:\/\/epirev.oxfordjournals.org\/content\/15\/2\/414.short,","journal-title":"Epidemiol Rev"},{"key":"1036_CR4","volume-title":"Situa\u00e7\u00e3o mundial da inf\u00e2ncia","author":"UNICEF","year":"2009","unstructured":"UNICEF: Situa\u00e7\u00e3o mundial da inf\u00e2ncia. 2009, Bras\u00edlia: UNICEF"},{"key":"1036_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000600025","volume":"17","author":"AAM Silva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silva AAM, Coimbra LC, Silva RA, Alves MTSSB, Lamy Filho F, Lamy ZC, Mochel EG, Arag\u00e3o VMF, Ribeiro VS, Tonial SR, et al: Perinatal health and mother-child health care in the municipality of S\u00e3o Lu\u00eds, Maranh\u00e3o State, Brazil. Cad Saude Publ. 2001, 17: 1412-1423. 10.1590\/S0102-311X2001000600025.","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publ"},{"key":"1036_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2013000500011","volume":"29","author":"HJF Veloso","year":"2013","unstructured":"Veloso HJF, Silva AAM, Barbieri MA, Goldani MZ, Lamy Filho F, Sim\u00f5es VMF, Batista RFL, Alves MTSSB, Bettiol H: Secular trends in the rate of low birth weight in Brazilian State Capitals in the period 1996 to 2010. Cad Saude Publ. 2013, 29: 91-101. 10.1590\/S0102-311X2013000100011.","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publ"},{"key":"1036_CR7","volume-title":"Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight: A Synopsis of the Evidence","author":"IHE R","year":"2008","unstructured":"IHE R: Determinants and Prevention of Low Birth Weight: A Synopsis of the Evidence. 2008, Alberta Canada: Institute of Health Economics"},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00394.x","volume":"16","author":"AM Branum","year":"2002","unstructured":"Branum AM, Schoendorf KC: Changing patterns of low birthweight and preterm birth in the United States, 1981-98. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2002, 16 (1): 8-15. 10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00394.x.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"20","key":"1036_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1434","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199811123392004","volume":"339","author":"KS Joseph","year":"1998","unstructured":"Joseph KS, Kramer MS, Marcoux S, Ohlsson A, Wen SW, Allen A, Platt R: Determinants of preterm birth rates in Canada from 1981 through 1983 and from 1992 through 1994. N Engl J Med. 1998, 339 (20): 1434-1439. 10.1056\/NEJM199811123392004.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"1036_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"755","DOI":"10.1097\/01.grf.0000141409.92711.11","volume":"47","author":"E Papiernik","year":"2004","unstructured":"Papiernik E, Goffinet F: Prevention of preterm births, the French experience. Clin Obstet Gynecol. 2004, 47 (4): 755-767. 10.1097\/01.grf.0000141409.92711.11. discussion 881-752","journal-title":"Clin Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"1036_CR11","volume-title":"Finnish Perinatal Statistics 1997\u20131998: Statistical Report 41\/1999","author":"KR MiJ","year":"1999","unstructured":"MiJ KR, Gissler M, Virtanen M: Finnish Perinatal Statistics 1997\u20131998: Statistical Report 41\/1999. 1999, Helsinki, Finland: National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR12","first-page":"73","volume":"76","author":"AA Silva","year":"1998","unstructured":"Silva AA, Barbieri MA, Gomes UA, Bettiol H: Trends in low birth weight: a comparison of two birth cohorts separated by a 15-year interval in Ribeirao Preto, Brazil. Bull World Health Organ. 1998, 76 (1): 73-84.","journal-title":"Bull World Health Organ"},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2004.00624.x","volume":"19","author":"AA Silva","year":"2005","unstructured":"Silva AA, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, Pereira MM, Brito LG, Ribeiro VS, Aragao VM: Why are the low birthweight rates in Brazil higher in richer than in poorer municipalities? Exploring the epidemiological paradox of low birthweight. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2005, 19 (1): 43-49. 10.1111\/j.1365-3016.2004.00624.x.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"1036_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00791.x","volume":"97","author":"C Homrich da Silva","year":"2008","unstructured":"Homrich da Silva C, Goldani MZ, De Moura Silva AA, Agranonik M, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA, Rona R: The rise of multiple births in Brazil. Acta Paediatr. 2008, 97 (8): 1019-1023. 10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2008.00791.x.","journal-title":"Acta Paediatr"},{"issue":"8","key":"1036_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.8.1236","volume":"88","author":"ST Phelan","year":"1998","unstructured":"Phelan ST, Goldenberg R, Alexander G, Cliver SP: Perinatal mortality and its relationship to the reporting of low-birthweight infants. Am J Publ Health. 1998, 88 (8): 1236-1239. 10.2105\/AJPH.88.8.1236.","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"key":"1036_CR16","unstructured":"Atlas of Human Development, Brazil. 2013, http:\/\/www.atlasbrasil.org.br\/2013\/perfil\/sao-luis_ma,"},{"key":"1036_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102003000400010","volume":"37","author":"LC Coimbra","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coimbra LC, Silva AAM, Mochel EG, Alves MTSSB, Ribeiro VS, Arag\u00e3o VMF, Bettiol H: Fatores associados \u00e0 inadequa\u00e7\u00e3o do uso da assist\u00eancia pr\u00e9-natal. Rev Saude Publ. 2003, 37: 456-462. 10.1590\/S0034-89102003000400010.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publ"},{"issue":"4","key":"1036_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.84.4.717","volume":"84","author":"MS Kramer","year":"1989","unstructured":"Kramer MS, McLean FH, Olivier M, Willis DM, Usher RH: Body proportionality and head and length 'sparing' in growth-retarded neonates: a critical reappraisal. Pediatrics. 1989, 84 (4): 717-723.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1036_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E35","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35","volume":"108","author":"MS Kramer","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kramer MS, Platt RW, Wen SW, Joseph KS, Allen A, Abrahamowicz M, Blondel B, Breart G: A new and improved population-based Canadian reference for birth weight for gestational age. Pediatrics. 2001, 108 (2): E35-10.1542\/peds.108.2.e35.","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"issue":"2","key":"1036_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04498.x","volume":"87","author":"DG Altman","year":"1980","unstructured":"Altman DG, Coles EC: Nomograms for precise determination of birth weight for dates. Br J Obstet Gynaecol. 1980, 87 (2): 81-86. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.1980.tb04498.x.","journal-title":"Br J Obstet Gynaecol"},{"issue":"23","key":"1036_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2445","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.6235","volume":"309","author":"CY Spong","year":"2013","unstructured":"Spong CY: Defining \"term\" pregnancy: recommendations from the Defining \"Term\" Pregnancy Workgroup. JAMA. 2013, 309 (23): 2445-2446. 10.1001\/jama.2013.6235.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"13","key":"1036_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1630","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03403.x","volume":"119","author":"S Lisonkova","year":"2012","unstructured":"Lisonkova S, Sabr Y, Butler B, Joseph KS: International comparisons of preterm birth: higher rates of late preterm birth are associated with lower rates of stillbirth and neonatal death. BJOG. 2012, 119 (13): 1630-1639. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2012.03403.x.","journal-title":"BJOG"},{"issue":"8","key":"1036_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1366","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1366","volume":"94","author":"MZ Goldani","year":"2004","unstructured":"Goldani MZ, Barbieri MA, Silva AA, Bettiol H: Trends in prenatal care use and low birthweight in southeast Brazil. Am J Publ Health. 2004, 94 (8): 1366-1371. 10.2105\/AJPH.94.8.1366.","journal-title":"Am J Publ Health"},{"issue":"2","key":"1036_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00471-7","volume":"100","author":"H Orvos","year":"2002","unstructured":"Orvos H, Hoffmann I, Frank I, Katona M, Pal A, Kovacs L: The perinatal outcome of pregnancy without prenatal care. A retrospective study in Szeged, Hungary. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol. 2002, 100 (2): 171-173. 10.1016\/S0301-2115(01)00471-7.","journal-title":"Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1036_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/dep035","volume":"24","author":"A Nyboe Andersen","year":"2009","unstructured":"Nyboe Andersen A, Goossens V, Bhattacharya S, Ferraretti AP, Kupka MS, de Mouzon J, Nygren KG: Assisted reproductive technology and intrauterine inseminations in Europe, 2005: results generated from European registers by ESHRE: ESHRE. The European IVF Monitoring Programme (EIM), for the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Hum Reprod. 2009, 24 (6): 1267-1287. 10.1093\/humrep\/dep035.","journal-title":"Hum Reprod"},{"key":"1036_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102000000700006","volume":"34","author":"CA Monteiro","year":"2000","unstructured":"Monteiro CA, Benicio MHDA: Ortiz LPUhwsospssa, pid\u2009=\u2009S, nrm\u2009=\u2009iso: Tend\u00eancia secular do peso ao nascer na cidade de S\u00e3o Paulo (1976-1998). Rev Saude Publ. 2000, 34: 26-40. 10.1590\/S0034-89102000000700006.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publ"},{"key":"1036_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S44","DOI":"10.1590\/S0102-311X2004000700005","volume":"20","author":"CLT Andrade","year":"2004","unstructured":"Andrade CLT, Szwarcwald CL, Gama SGN, Leal MC: Desigualdades s\u00f3cio-econ\u00f4micas do baixo peso ao nascer e da mortalidade perinatal no Munic\u00edpio do Rio de Janeiro, 2001. Cad Saude Publ. 2004, 20: S44-S51.","journal-title":"Cad Saude Publ"},{"key":"1036_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"981096","DOI":"10.5402\/2011\/981096","volume":"2011","author":"A Jammeh","year":"2011","unstructured":"Jammeh A, Sundby J, Vangen S: Barriers to emergency obstetric care services in perinatal deaths in rural gambia: a qualitative in-depth interview study. ISRN Obstet Gynecol. 2011, 2011: 981096-","journal-title":"ISRN Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"1","key":"1036_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2000.00222.x","volume":"14","author":"H Bettiol","year":"2000","unstructured":"Bettiol H, Rona RJ, Chinn S, Goldani M, Barbieri MA: Factors associated with preterm births in southeast Brazil: a comparison of two birth cohorts born 15\u00a0years apart. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2000, 14 (1): 30-38. 10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2000.00222.x.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8452","key":"1036_CR30","first-page":"436","volume":"2","author":"WHO","year":"1985","unstructured":"WHO: Appropriate technology for birth. Lancet. 1985, 2 (8452): 436-437.","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"1036_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00358.x","volume":"15","author":"AA Silva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silva AA, Lamy-Filho F, Alves MT, Coimbra LC, Bettiol H, Barbieri MA: Risk factors for low birthweight in north-east Brazil: the role of caesarean section. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2001, 15 (3): 257-264. 10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2001.00358.x.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1036_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.07.001","volume":"40","author":"CV Ananth","year":"2013","unstructured":"Ananth CV, Friedman AM, Gyamfi-Bannerman C: Epidemiology of moderate preterm, late preterm and early term delivery. Clin Perinatol. 2013, 40 (4): 601-610. 10.1016\/j.clp.2013.07.001.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"1036_CR33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"739","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clp.2013.07.006","volume":"40","author":"B Vohr","year":"2013","unstructured":"Vohr B: Long-term outcomes of moderately preterm, late preterm, and early term infants. Clin Perinatol. 2013, 40 (4): 739-751. 10.1016\/j.clp.2013.07.006.","journal-title":"Clin Perinatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"1036_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"508","DOI":"10.1590\/S0034-89102001000600003","volume":"35","author":"AA Silva","year":"2001","unstructured":"Silva AA, Ribeiro VS, Borba AF, Coimbra LC, Silva RA: Avalia\u00e7\u00e4o da qualidade dos dados do sistema de informa\u00e7\u00f5es sobre nascidos vivos em 1997\u20131998. Rev Saude Publ. 2001, 35 (6): 508-514.","journal-title":"Rev Saude Publ"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,2]],"date-time":"2022-04-02T16:58:10Z","timestamp":1648918690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]}},"alternative-id":["1036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-14-155","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,5,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2013","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"24 April 2014","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"1 May 2014","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"155"}}