{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T18:38:23Z","timestamp":1794076703049,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,15]],"date-time":"2014-02-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1392422400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In pregnancy, violence can have serious health consequences that could affect both mother and child. In Ghana there are limited data on this subject. We sought to assess the relationship between physical violence during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes (early pregnancy loss, perinatal mortality and neonatal mortality) in Ghana.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Method<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The 2008 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey data were used. For the domestic violence module, 2563 women were approached of whom 2442 women completed the module. After excluding missing values and applying the weight factor, 1745 women remained. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the relationship between physical violence in pregnancy and adverse pregnancy outcomes with adjustments for potential confounders.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>About five percent of the women experienced violence during their pregnancy. Physical violence in pregnancy was positively associated with perinatal mortality and neonatal mortality, but not with early pregnancy loss. The differences remained largely unchanged after adjustment for age, parity, education level, wealth status, marital status and place of residence: adjusted odds ratios were 2.32; 95% CI: 1.34-4.01 for perinatal mortality, 1.86; 95% CI: 1.05-3.30 for neonatal mortality and 1.16; 95% CI: 0.60-2.24 for early pregnancy loss.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our findings suggest that violence during pregnancy is related to adverse pregnancy outcomes in Ghana. Major efforts are needed to tackle violence during pregnancy. This can be achieved through measures that are directed towards the right target groups. Measures should include education, empowerment and improving socio-economic status of women.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-14-71","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,15]],"date-time":"2014-02-15T08:01:38Z","timestamp":1392451298000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":48,"title":["Physical violence during pregnancy and pregnancy outcomes in Ghana"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Michelle Sharon","family":"Pool","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Easmon","family":"Otupiri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ellis","family":"Owusu-Dabo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ank","family":"de Jonge","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Agyemang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,2,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"958_CR1","first-page":"p14","volume-title":"Commemorating 10 Years of Commitment to women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender Equality","author":"United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFEM National Committee for UNIFEM","year":"2010","unstructured":"United Nations Development Fund for Women UNIFEM National Committee for UNIFEM: Commemorating 10 Years of Commitment to women\u2019s Empowerment and Gender Equality. 2010, Singapore: Double Six Press Pte Ltd, p14-"},{"key":"958_CR2","unstructured":"United Nations International Children\u2019s Emergency Fund (UNICEF): Domestic violence against women and children. http:\/\/www.unicef-irc.org\/publications\/pdf\/digest6e.pdf,"},{"key":"958_CR3","unstructured":"Garc\u00cda-Moreno C, Jansen HAFM, Ellsberg M, Heise L, Watts C: World Health Organization multi-country study on Women\u2019s health and domestic violence against women: initial results on prevalence, health outcomes and women\u2019s responses. http:\/\/www.who.int\/gender\/violence\/who_multicountry_study\/en\/,"},{"issue":"8","key":"958_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1423","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2005.066316","volume":"96","author":"S Ahmed","year":"2006","unstructured":"Ahmed S, Koenig MA, Stephenson R: Effects of domestic violence on perinatal and early-childhood mortality: evidence from North India. 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