{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T02:56:52Z","timestamp":1790996212589,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]],"date-time":"2004-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100304000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]],"date-time":"2004-11-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1100304000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/2.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>One of every 6 United Status birth certificates contains no information on fathers. There might be important differences in the pregnancy outcomes between mothers with versus those without partner information. The object of this study was to assess whether and to what extent outcomes in pregnant women who did not have partner information differ from those who had.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>We carried out a population-based retrospective cohort study based on the registry data in the United States for the period of 1995\u20131997, which was a matched multiple birth file (only twins were included in the current analysis). We divided the study subjects into three groups according to the availability of partner information: available, partly missing, and totally missing. We compared the distribution of maternal characteristics, maternal morbidity, labor and delivery complications, obstetric interventions, preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, congenital anomalies, fetal death, neonatal death, post-neonatal death, and neonatal morbidity among three study groups.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>There were 304466 twins included in our study. Mothers whose partner's information was partly missing and (especially) totally missing tended to be younger, of black race, unmarried, with less education, smoking cigarette during pregnancy, and with inadequate prenatal care. The rates of preterm birth, fetal growth restriction, low birth weight, Apgar score &lt;7, fetal mortality, neonatal mortality, and post-neonatal mortality were significantly increased in mothers whose partner's information was partly or (especially) totally missing.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec><jats:sec>\n                        <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                        <jats:p>Mothers whose partner's information was partly and (especially) totally missing are at higher risk of adverse pregnant outcomes, and clinicians and public health workers should be alerted to this important social factor.<\/jats:p>\n                     <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,16]],"date-time":"2004-11-16T07:24:20Z","timestamp":1100589860000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Missing paternal demographics: A novel indicator for identifying high risk population of adverse pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"4","author":[{"given":"Hongzhuan","family":"Tan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shi Wu","family":"Wen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Walker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kitaw","family":"Demissie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"46_CR1","first-page":"449","volume":"40","author":"[No authors listed]","year":"1991","unstructured":"[No authors listed]: Consensus set of health status indicators for the general assessment of community health status-United States. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 1991, 40: 449-51.","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"46_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1558","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199206043262309","volume":"326","author":"PH Wise","year":"1992","unstructured":"Wise PH, Pursley DWM: Infant mortality as a social mirror. N Engl J Med. 1992, 326: 1558-60.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00429.x","volume":"16","author":"A Grjibovski","year":"2002","unstructured":"Grjibovski A, Bygren LO, Svartbo B: Socio-demographic determinants of poor infant outcome in north-west Russia. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 2002, 16 (3): 255-62. 10.1046\/j.1365-3016.2002.00429.x.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"8","key":"46_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1136\/jech.57.8.606","volume":"57","author":"J Ahern","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ahern J, Pickett KE, Selvin S, Abrams B: Preterm birth among African American and white women: a multilevel analysis of socioeconomic characteristics and cigarette smoking. J Epidemiol Community Health. 2003, 57 (8): 606-11. 10.1136\/jech.57.8.606.","journal-title":"J Epidemiol Community Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-3016.1996.tb00029.x","volume":"10","author":"FF Fikree","year":"1996","unstructured":"Fikree FF, Gray RH: Demographic survey of the level and determinants of perinatal mortality in Karachi, Pakistan. Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol. 1996, 10 (1): 86-96.","journal-title":"Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.2307\/2136260","volume":"27","author":"DJ Landry","year":"1995","unstructured":"Landry DJ, Forrest JD: How old are U.S. fathers?. Fam Plann Perspect. 1995, 27 (4): 159-61. 165","journal-title":"Fam Plann Perspect"},{"key":"46_CR7","volume-title":"Modern Epidemiology","author":"KJ Rothman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Rothman KJ, Greenland S: Modern Epidemiology. 1998, Philadelphia: Lippincott Raven Publishers, 2","edition":"2"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1016\/S0197-2456(03)00021-7","volume":"24","author":"Ls Magder","year":"2003","unstructured":"Magder Ls: Simple approaches to assess the possible impact of missing outcome information on estimates of risk ratios, odds ratios, and risk differences. Control Clin trials. 2003, 24 (4): 411-21. 10.1016\/S0197-2456(03)00021-7.","journal-title":"Control Clin trials"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR9","first-page":"25","volume":"16","author":"I Herrrmann","year":"2003","unstructured":"Herrrmann I, Lekholm U, Holm S: Statistical outcome of random versus selected withdrawal of dental implants. Int J Prosthodont. 2003, 16 (1): 25-30.","journal-title":"Int J Prosthodont"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1177\/070674370204700111","volume":"47","author":"DL Streiner","year":"2002","unstructured":"Streiner DL: The case of the missing data: methods of dealing with dropouts and other research vagaries. Can J Psychiatry. 2002, 47 (1): 68-75.","journal-title":"Can J Psychiatry"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00476-0","volume":"55","author":"J Twisk","year":"2002","unstructured":"Twisk J, de Vente W: Attrition in longitudinal studies. How to deal with missing data. J Clin Epidemiol. 2002, 55 (4): 329-37. 10.1016\/S0895-4356(01)00476-0.","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"issue":"93","key":"46_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)01951-8","volume":"100","author":"K Demissie","year":"2002","unstructured":"Demissie K, Ananth CV, Martin J, Hanley Ml, MacDorman MF, Rhoads GG: Fetal and neonatal mortality among twin gestations in the United Status: the role of intrapair birth weight discordance. Obstet Gynecol. 2002, 100 (93): 474-80. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)01951-8.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.13.4.230.236","volume":"13","author":"S Sannoh","year":"2003","unstructured":"Sannoh S, Demissie K, Balasubramanian B, Rhoads GG: Risk factors for intrapair birth weight discordance in twins. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003, 13 (4): 230-6.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"46_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"909","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)03080-6","volume":"101","author":"AR Jacobs","year":"2003","unstructured":"Jacobs AR, Demissie K, Jain NJ, Kinzler WL: Birth weight discordance and adverse fetal and neonatal outcomes among triplets in the United States. Obstet Gynecol. 2003, 101 (5): 909-14. 10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)03080-6.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"46_CR15","volume-title":"NCHS CD-ROM Series 21","author":"National Center for Health Statistics","year":"2000","unstructured":"National Center for Health Statistics: 1995\u20131997 Matched Multiple Birth data set. NCHS CD-ROM Series 21. 2000, Hyattsville, Maryland: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 12:"},{"key":"46_CR16","first-page":"50","volume-title":"Infant Death: An Analysis by Maternal Risk and Health Care. Contrasts in Health Status","author":"DM Kessner","year":"1973","unstructured":"Kessner DM, Singer J, Kalk CE, Schlesinger ER: Infant Death: An Analysis by Maternal Risk and Health Care. Contrasts in Health Status. 1973, Washington, DC: Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences., 50-65."},{"issue":"10","key":"46_CR17","first-page":"539","volume":"79","author":"A Wasunna","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wasunna A, Mohammed K: Morbidity and outcome of low birthweight babies of adolescent mothers at Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi. East Afr Med J. 2002, 79 (10): 539-42.","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR18","first-page":"1","volume":"52","author":"TJ Mathews","year":"2003","unstructured":"Mathews TJ, Menacker F, MacDorman MF: Infant mortality statistics from 2001 period linked birth \/ infant death data set. Natl Vital Stat Rep. 2003, 52 (2): 1-28.","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"issue":"5","key":"46_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1159\/000071979","volume":"18","author":"J Kalinka","year":"2003","unstructured":"Kalinka J, Laudanski T, Hanke W, Wasiela M: Do microbiological factors account for poor pregnancy outcome among unmarried pregnant women in Poland?. Fetal Diagn Ther. 2003, 18 (5): 345-52. 10.1159\/000071979.","journal-title":"Fetal Diagn Ther"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_CR20","first-page":"142","volume":"5","author":"SB Amini","year":"1996","unstructured":"Amini SB, Catalano PM, Mann LI: Effect of prenatal care on obstetrical outcome. J Matern Fetal Med. 1996, 5 (3): 142-50.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Med"},{"key":"46_CR21","volume-title":"Diabetes Mellitus","author":"WHO","year":"2002","unstructured":"WHO: Diabetes Mellitus. 2002, [http:\/\/www.who.int\/inf_fs\/fact138.html]"},{"issue":"2","key":"46_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2796.1995.tb01153.x","volume":"237","author":"H Eriksson","year":"1995","unstructured":"Eriksson H: Heart failure: a growing public health problem. J Intern Med. 1995, 237 (2): 135-41.","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"46_CR23","first-page":"37","volume":"39","author":"PS Gavin","year":"1972","unstructured":"Gavin PS: Rhesus sensitization in abortion. Obstet Gynecol. 1972, 39 (1): 37-40.","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol"},{"issue":"10","key":"46_CR24","first-page":"893","volume":"24","author":"YM Cheng","year":"2003","unstructured":"Cheng YM, Yuan W, Cai WD, Zhang WM, Wang TY, Wang Y, et al: Study on the occurrence of cesarean section (CS) and factors related to CS in China. Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi. 2003, 24 (10): 893-6.","journal-title":"Zhonghua Liu Xing Bing Xue Za Zhi"},{"issue":"6","key":"46_CR25","first-page":"728","volume":"44","author":"L Tuzovic","year":"2003","unstructured":"Tuzovic L, Djelmis J, Ilijic M: Obstetric risk factors associated with placenta previa development: case-control study. Croat Med J. 2003, 44 (6): 728-33.","journal-title":"Croat Med J"},{"issue":"3","key":"46_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1080\/jmf.13.3.175.190","volume":"13","author":"AS Faiz","year":"2003","unstructured":"Faiz AS, Ananth CV: Etiology and risk factors for placenta previa: an overview and meta-analysis of observational studies. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2003, 13 (3): 175-90.","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"46_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1177\/1051228403257616","volume":"13","author":"MA Topcuoglu","year":"2003","unstructured":"Topcuoglu MA, Palacios IF, Buonanno FS: Contrast M-mode power Doppler ultrasound in the detection of right-to-left shunts: utility of submandibular internal carotid artery recording. J Neuroimaging. 2003, 13 (4): 315-23. 10.1177\/1051228403257616.","journal-title":"J Neuroimaging"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,7]],"date-time":"2024-10-07T12:57:38Z","timestamp":1728305858000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2004,12]]}},"alternative-id":["46"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-4-21","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2004,11,13]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 March 2004","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2004","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"13 November 2004","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"21"}}