{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,11]],"date-time":"2026-05-11T21:39:39Z","timestamp":1778535579805,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]],"date-time":"2009-10-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1254700800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pregnancy Childbirth"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]},"DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,6]],"date-time":"2009-10-06T02:15:08Z","timestamp":1254795308000},"source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"title":["A case study evaluation of implementation of a care pathway to support normal birth in one English birth centre: anticipated benefits and unintended consequences"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Debra E","family":"Bick","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jo","family":"Rycroft-Malone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marina","family":"Fontenla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"245_CR1","volume-title":"The NHS Plan. A Plan for Investment. A Plan for Reform","author":"Department of Health","year":"2000","unstructured":"Department of Health: The NHS Plan. A Plan for Investment. A Plan for Reform. 2000, [ http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_4002960 ]"},{"key":"245_CR2","volume-title":"National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services","author":"Department of Health","year":"2004","unstructured":"Department of Health: National Service Framework for Children, Young People and Maternity Services. 2004, [ http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_4089101 ]"},{"key":"245_CR3","volume-title":"Maternity Matters: choice, access and continuity of care in a safe service","author":"Department of Health\/Partnerships for Children, Families, Maternity","year":"2007","unstructured":"Department of Health\/Partnerships for Children, Families, Maternity: Maternity Matters: choice, access and continuity of care in a safe service. 2007, [ http:\/\/www.dh.gov.uk\/en\/Publicationsandstatistics\/Publications\/PublicationsPolicyAndGuidance\/DH_073312 ]"},{"issue":"6","key":"245_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.7748\/ns2004.10.19.6.33.c3730","volume":"19","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Morrell C, Bick D: Protocol-based care: The research agenda. Nursing Standard. 2004, 19 (6): 33-36.","journal-title":"Nursing Standard"},{"issue":"4","key":"245_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"608","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.04.001","volume":"45","author":"B Hunter","year":"2008","unstructured":"Hunter B, Segrott J: Re-mapping client journeys and professional identities: A review of the literature on clinical pathways. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 2008, 45 (4): 608-25. 10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2007.04.001.","journal-title":"International Journal of Nursing Studies"},{"issue":"32","key":"245_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01615.x","volume":"4","author":"E Manias","year":"2000","unstructured":"Manias E, Street A: Legitimation of Nurses' Knowledge Though Policies and Protocols in Clinical Practice. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2000, 4 (32): 1467-75. 10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2000.01615.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Advanced Nursing"},{"key":"245_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"669","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(00)00013-7","volume":"51","author":"D Parker","year":"2000","unstructured":"Parker D, Lawton R: Judging the use of clinical protocols by fellow professionals. Social Science & Medicine. 2000, 51: 669-677.","journal-title":"Social Science & Medicine"},{"key":"245_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1136\/qshc.2005.013912","volume":"14","author":"R McDonald","year":"2005","unstructured":"McDonald R, Waring J, Harrison S, Walshe K, Boaden R: Rules and guidelines in clinical practice: a qualitative study in operating theatres of doctors' and nurses' views. Quality & Safety in health Care. 2005, 14: 290-294.","journal-title":"Quality & Safety in health Care"},{"key":"245_CR9","volume-title":"Final report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Fontenla M, Bick D, Seers K: Protocol Based Care Evaluation Project. Final report for the National Co-ordinating Centre for NHS Service Delivery and Organisation. 2008, SDO\/78\/2004,"},{"key":"245_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07596-7","volume":"359","author":"C MacArthur","year":"2002","unstructured":"MacArthur C, Winter HR, Bick D, Fortune H, Lilford R, Henderson C, et al: Effects of redesigned community postnatal care on women's health 4 months after birth: a cluster randomised controlled trial. The Lancet. 2002, 359: 378-385. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07596-7.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"245_CR11","volume-title":"Health Technology Assessment Report No 37","author":"C MacArthur","year":"2003","unstructured":"MacArthur C, Winter HR, Bick D, Fortune H, Lilford R, Henderson C, et al: An RCT of protocol-based midwifery-led care. Health Technology Assessment Report No 37. 2003"},{"issue":"1","key":"245_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1093\/her\/cyl046","volume":"22","author":"D Segaar","year":"2007","unstructured":"Segaar D, Bolman C, Willemsen M, De Vries H: Identifying determinants of protocol adoption by midwives: a comprehensive approach. Health Education Research. 2007, 22 (1): 14-26. 10.1093\/her\/cyl046.","journal-title":"Health Education Research"},{"issue":"5","key":"245_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2008.01015.x","volume":"14","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Fontenla M, Bick D, Seers K: Protocol based care: Impact on roles and service delivery. Journal of Evaluation of Clinical. 2008, 14 (5): 867-873. 10.1111\/j.1365-2753.2008.01015.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Evaluation of Clinical"},{"key":"245_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1490","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02605.x","volume":"18","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Fontenla M, Seers K, Bick D: Protocol-based care: the standardization of decision making?. Journal of Clinical Nursing. 2009, 18: 1490-1500. 10.1111\/j.1365-2702.2008.02605.x.","journal-title":"Journal of Clinical Nursing"},{"key":"245_CR15","volume-title":"Realistic evaluation","author":"R Pawson","year":"1997","unstructured":"Pawson R, Tilley N: Realistic evaluation. 1997, Sage: London"},{"key":"245_CR16","volume-title":"Applications of case study research","author":"RK Yin","year":"1993","unstructured":"Yin RK: Applications of case study research. 1993, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage"},{"key":"245_CR17","volume-title":"Case study research. Designs and methods","author":"RK Yin","year":"1994","unstructured":"Yin RK: Case study research. Designs and methods. 1994, Thousand Oaks CA: Sage, 2","edition":"2"},{"issue":"5","key":"245_CR18","first-page":"216","volume":"7","author":"S Fox","year":"2004","unstructured":"Fox S: All-Wales clinical pathway for normal labour: a way to reducing unnecessary interventions?. RCM Midwives Journal. 2004, 7 (5): 216-219.","journal-title":"RCM Midwives Journal"},{"issue":"3","key":"245_CR19","first-page":"4","volume":"6","author":"P Ferguson","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ferguson P: Change through consensus and commitment: All Wales clinical pathway for normal labour. The Practising Midwife. 2003, 6 (3): 4-5.","journal-title":"The Practising Midwife"},{"key":"245_CR20","volume-title":"Participant Observation","author":"J Spradley","year":"1980","unstructured":"Spradley J: Participant Observation. 1980, Holt, Rinehart & Winston: New York"},{"key":"245_CR21","first-page":"179","volume-title":"Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials","author":"AM Huberman","year":"1998","unstructured":"Huberman AM, Miles MB: Data management and analysis methods. Collecting and Interpreting Qualitative Materials. Edited by: Denzin NK, Lincoln YS. 1998, California: Sage, 179-210."},{"key":"245_CR22","volume-title":"Final Project Report","author":"B Hunter","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hunter B: The All Wales Clinical Pathway for Normal Labour: What are the Experiences of Midwives, Doctors, Managers and Mothers?. Final Project Report. 2007, Institute of Health Research, School of Health Sciences, Swansea University, Swansea"},{"key":"245_CR23","volume-title":"Final Report to the NHS Service Delivery and Organisation of Care Programme","author":"H Spiby","year":"2006","unstructured":"Spiby H, Green JM, Hucknall C, Richardson Foster H, Andrews A: Labouring to better effect: studies of services for women in early labour (The OPAL study). Final Report to the NHS Service Delivery and Organisation of Care Programme. 2006, (SDO\/64\/2003)"},{"key":"245_CR24","volume-title":"Clinical Guideline 55","author":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence","year":"2007","unstructured":"National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence: Intrapartum care: care of healthy women and their babies during childbirth. Clinical Guideline 55. 2007, National Collaborating Centre for Women's and Children's Healtj, [ http:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/nicemedia\/pdf\/IPCNICEGuidance.pdf ]"},{"key":"245_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61440-9","volume":"374","author":"CL Bosk","year":"2009","unstructured":"Bosk CL, Dixon-Woods M, Goeschel CA, Pronovost PJ: Reality check for checklists. The Lancet. 2009, 374: 444-445. 10.1016\/S0140-6736(09)61440-9.","journal-title":"The Lancet"},{"key":"245_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1744-1609.2009.00126.x","volume":"7","author":"J Rycroft-Malone","year":"2009","unstructured":"Rycroft-Malone J, Bick D: Standardising care using integrated care pathways: if they seem like a solution, did we ask the right questions? Editorial. International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare. 2009, 7: 59-60. 10.1111\/j.1744-1609.2009.00126.x.","journal-title":"International Journal of Evidence Based Healthcare"},{"issue":"1","key":"245_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.midw.2008.01.008","volume":"24","author":"R Mander","year":"2008","unstructured":"Mander R, Smith GD: Saving Mothers' Lives (formerly Why Mothers die): reviewing maternal deaths to make motherhood safer 2003-2005. Midwifery. 2008, 24 (1): 8-12. 10.1016\/j.midw.2008.01.008.","journal-title":"Midwifery"},{"key":"245_CR28","volume-title":"London","author":"King's Fund","year":"2008","unstructured":"King's Fund: Safer Births: Everybody's Business. An Independent Enquiry into the Safety of Maternity Services in England. London. 2008, [ http:\/\/www.kingsfund.org.uk\/research\/publications\/safe_births.html ]"},{"key":"245_CR29","volume-title":"Investigation into 10 maternal deaths at, or following delivery at Northwick Park Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, between April 2002 and April 2005","author":"Healthcare Commission","year":"2007","unstructured":"Healthcare Commission: Investigation into 10 maternal deaths at, or following delivery at Northwick Park Hospital, North West London Hospitals NHS Trust, between April 2002 and April 2005. 2007, [ http:\/\/www.cqc.org.uk\/ ]"},{"issue":"4","key":"245_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2005.00355.x","volume":"8","author":"C Hindley","year":"2005","unstructured":"Hindley C, Thomson A: The rhetoric of informed choice: perspectives from midwives on intrapartum fetal heart rate monitoring. Health Expectations. 2005, 8 (4): 306-14. 10.1111\/j.1369-7625.2005.00355.x.","journal-title":"Health Expectations"},{"issue":"1","key":"245_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.0268.x","volume":"31","author":"A Linton","year":"2004","unstructured":"Linton A, Peterson MR, Williams TV: Effects of Maternal Characteristics on Cesarean Delivery Rates among US Department of Defense Healthcare Beneficiaries, 1996 - 2002. Birth. 2004, 31 (1): 3-11. 10.1111\/j.0730-7659.2004.0268.x.","journal-title":"Birth"},{"key":"245_CR32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00933.x","volume":"113","author":"M Habiba","year":"2006","unstructured":"Habiba M, Kaminski M, Da Fre M, Marsal K, Bleker O, Librero J, et al: Caesarean section on request: a comparison of obstetricians' attitudes in eight European countries. BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2006, 113: 647-656. 10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2006.00933.x.","journal-title":"BJOG An International Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology"},{"key":"245_CR33","volume-title":"Submission to the Health Committee Inquiry into Patient Safety: The current effectiveness of the NHS Litigation Authority in ensuring patient safety","author":"NHS Litigation Service","year":"2008","unstructured":"NHS Litigation Service: Submission to the Health Committee Inquiry into Patient Safety: The current effectiveness of the NHS Litigation Authority in ensuring patient safety. 2008, [ http:\/\/www.nhsla.com ]"},{"key":"245_CR34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1054\/midw.2002.0293","volume":"18","author":"D Hughes","year":"2002","unstructured":"Hughes D, Deery R, Lovatt A: A critical ethnographic approach to facilitating cultural shift in midwifery. Midwifery. 2002, 18: 43-52. 10.1054\/midw.2002.0293.","journal-title":"Midwifery"}],"container-title":["BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,9]],"date-time":"2016-07-09T08:43:13Z","timestamp":1468053793000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"http:\/\/bmcpregnancychildbirth.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,12]]}},"alternative-id":["245"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2393-9-47","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2393"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2393","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,10,5]]},"article-number":"47"}}