{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,4]],"date-time":"2026-08-04T03:07:52Z","timestamp":1785812872653,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]],"date-time":"2010-07-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1278028800000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Recently, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels were shown to be associated with the survival of patients with colorectal cancer. However, 25OHD levels were measured a median of 6 years before diagnosis or were predicted levels. In this study, we directly measured serum 25OHD levels at surgery and examined the association with survival among patients with colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We started a prospective cohort study to find prognostic factors in patients with colorectal cancer from 2003 to 2008 and stored serum samples and clinical data. As part of a post-hoc analysis, serum 25OHD levels were measured by radioimmunoassay. Association between overall survival and serum 25OHD levels were computed using the Cox proportional hazard model adjusted for month of serum sampling as well as age at diagnosis, gender, cancer stage, residual tumor after surgery, time period of surgery, location of tumor, adjuvant chemotherapy and number of lymph nodes with metastasis at surgery. Unadjusted and adjusted hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were determined.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Serum 25OHD levels were measured in 257 patients. Only 3% had sufficient levels (30 ng\/ml and greater). Based on month of blood sampling, an annual oscillation of 25OHD levels was seen, with levels being lower in spring and higher in late summer. Higher 25OHD levels were associated with better overall survival under multi-variate analysis (HR, 0.91: 95% CI, 0.84 to 0.99, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.027).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>These results suggest that higher 25OHD levels at surgery may be associated with a better survival rate of patients with colorectal cancer.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]],"date-time":"2010-07-02T06:14:19Z","timestamp":1278051259000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":78,"title":["Serum vitamin D levels and survival of patients with colorectal cancer: Post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Hidetoshi","family":"Mezawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tsutomu","family":"Sugiura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiaki","family":"Watanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chihiro","family":"Norizoe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Daisuke","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Shimojima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seryna","family":"Tamez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusuke","family":"Tsutsumi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhiko","family":"Yanaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mitsuyoshi","family":"Urashima","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"2146_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1097\/00000441-193709000-00004","volume":"194","author":"S Peller","year":"1937","unstructured":"Peller S, Stephenson CS: Skin irritation and cancer in the United States Navy. Am J Med Sci. 1937, 194: 326-333. 10.1097\/00000441-193709000-00004.","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"2146_CR2","first-page":"191","volume":"1","author":"FL Apperly","year":"1941","unstructured":"Apperly FL: The relation of solar radiation to cancer mortality in North America. Cancer Res. 1941, 1: 191-195.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2146_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/9.3.227","volume":"9","author":"CF Garland","year":"1980","unstructured":"Garland CF, Garland FC: Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer?. Int J Epidemiol. 1980, 9: 227-231. 10.1093\/ije\/9.3.227.","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"2146_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra070553","volume":"357","author":"MF Holick","year":"2007","unstructured":"Holick MF: Vitamin D deficiency. N Engl J Med. 2007, 357: 266-281. 10.1056\/NEJMra070553.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2146_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"210","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.11.004","volume":"32","author":"ED Gorham","year":"2007","unstructured":"Gorham ED, Garland CF, Garland FC, Grant WB, Mohr SB, Lipkin M, Newmark HL, Giovannucci E, Wei M, Holick MF: Optimal vitamin D status for colorectal cancer prevention: a quantitative meta analysis. Am J Prev Med. 2007, 32: 210-216. 10.1016\/j.amepre.2006.11.004.","journal-title":"Am J Prev Med"},{"key":"2146_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04022.x","volume":"30","author":"L Yin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Yin L, Grandi N, Raum E, Haug U, Arndt V, Brenner H: Meta-analysis: longitudinal studies of serum vitamin D and colorectal cancer risk. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2009, 30: 113-125. 10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2009.04022.x.","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"2146_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7803","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1209","volume":"68","author":"K Yang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Yang K, Kurihara N, Fan K, Newmark H, Rigas B, Bancroft L, Corner G, Livote E, Lesser M, Edelmann W, Velcich A, Lipkin M, Augenlicht L: Dietary induction of colonic tumors in a mouse model of sporadic colon cancer. Cancer Res. 2008, 68: 7803-7810. 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-1209.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"2146_CR8","first-page":"113","volume":"11","author":"PR Holt","year":"2002","unstructured":"Holt PR, Arber N, Halmos B, Forde K, Kissileff H, McGlynn KA, Moss SF, Kurihara N, Fan K, Yang K, Lipkin M: Colonic epithelial cell proliferation decreases with increasing levels of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2002, 11: 113-119.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2146_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.21618","volume":"106","author":"PR Holt","year":"2006","unstructured":"Holt PR, Bresalier RS, Ma CK, Liu KF, Lipkin M, Byrd JC, Yang K: Calcium plus vitamin D alters preneoplastic features of colorectal adenomas and rectal mucosa. Cancer. 2006, 106: 287-296. 10.1002\/cncr.21618.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2146_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0157","volume":"2","author":"V Fedirko","year":"2009","unstructured":"Fedirko V, Bostick RM, Flanders WD, Long Q, Shaukat A, Rutherford RE, Daniel CR, Cohen V, Dash C: Effects of vitamin D and calcium supplementation on markers of apoptosis in normal colon mucosa: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Cancer Prev Res. 2009, 2: 213-223. 10.1158\/1940-6207.CAPR-08-0157.","journal-title":"Cancer Prev Res"},{"key":"2146_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1586","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.6.1586","volume":"85","author":"JM Lappe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Lappe JM, Travers-Gustafson D, Davies KM, Recker RR, Heaney RP: Vitamin D and calcium supplementation reduces cancer risk: results of a randomized trial. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007, 85: 1586-1591.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2146_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055222","volume":"354","author":"J Wactawski-Wende","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wactawski-Wende J, Kotchen JM, Anderson GL, Assaf AR, Brunner RL, O'Sullivan MJ, Margolis KL, Ockene JK, Phillips L, Pottern L, Prentice RL, Robbins J, Rohan TE, Sarto GE, Sharma S, Stefanick ML, Van Horn L, Wallace RB, Whitlock E, Bassford T, Beresford SA, Black HR, Bonds DE, Brzyski RG, Caan B, Chlebowski RT, Cochrane B, Garland C, Gass M, Hays J, Heiss G, Hendrix SL, Howard BV, Hsia J, Hubbell FA, Jackson RD, Johnson KC, Judd H, Kooperberg CL, Kuller LH, LaCroix AZ, Lane DS, Langer RD, Lasser NL, Lewis CE, Limacher MC, Manson JE, Women's Health Initiative Investigators: Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of colorectal cancer. N Engl J Med. 2006, 354: 684-696. 10.1056\/NEJMoa055222.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"2146_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2984","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.1027","volume":"26","author":"K Ng","year":"2008","unstructured":"Ng K, Meyerhardt JA, Wu K, Feskanich D, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Fuchs CS: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin d levels and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008, 26: 2984-2991. 10.1200\/JCO.2007.15.1027.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2146_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djj101","volume":"98","author":"E Giovannucci","year":"2006","unstructured":"Giovannucci E, Liu Y, Rimm EB, Hollis BW, Fuchs CS, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC: Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and cancer incidence and mortality in men. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2006, 98: 451-459. 10.1093\/jnci\/djj101.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2146_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605262","volume":"101","author":"K Ng","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ng K, Wolpin BM, Meyerhardt JA, Wu K, Chan AT, Hollis BW, Giovannucci EL, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, Fuchs CS: Prospective study of predictors of vitamin D status and survival in patients with colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer. 2009, 101: 916-923. 10.1038\/sj.bjc.6605262.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2146_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-4757-3656-4","volume-title":"AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook","author":"FL Greene","year":"2002","unstructured":"Greene FL, Balch CM, Fleming ID, Fritz A, Balch CM, Haller DG, Morrow M: AJCC Cancer Staging Handbook. 2002, New York: Springer, 6","edition":"6"},{"key":"2146_CR17","first-page":"573","volume-title":"Gastrointestinal tract cancer. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine","author":"Robert J Mayer","year":"1999","unstructured":"Mayer Robert: Gastrointestinal tract cancer. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine. Edited by: Fauci AS, Braunwald E, Kasper DL, Hauser SL, Longo DL, Jameson JL, Loscalzo J. 1999, Mc Graw Hill Medical, 573-578."},{"key":"2146_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.10492","volume":"94","author":"C Wittekind","year":"2002","unstructured":"Wittekind C, Compton CC, Greene FL, Sobin LH: TNM residual tumor classification revisited. Cancer. 2002, 94: 2511-2516. 10.1002\/cncr.10492.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2146_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.29.271","volume":"29","author":"T Kobayashi","year":"1983","unstructured":"Kobayashi T, Okano T, Shida S, Okada K, Suginohara T, Nakao H, Kuroda E, Kodama S, Matsuo T: Variation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 and 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 levels in human plasma obtained from 758 Japanese healthy subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol. 1983, 29: 271-281.","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol"},{"key":"2146_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/39.3.529","volume":"39","author":"BW Hollis","year":"1993","unstructured":"Hollis BW, Kamerud JQ, Selvaag SR, Lorenz JD, Napoli JL: Determination of vitamin D status by radioimmunoassay with an 125I-labeled tracer. Clin Chem. 1993, 39: 529-533.","journal-title":"Clin Chem"},{"key":"2146_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.604","volume":"169","author":"AA Ginde","year":"2009","unstructured":"Ginde AA, Liu MC, Camargo CA: Demographic differences and trends of vitamin D insufficiency in the US population, 1988-2004. Arch Intern Med. 2009, 169: 626-632. 10.1001\/archinternmed.2008.604.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2146_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/85.3.860","volume":"85","author":"E Hypp\u00f6nen","year":"2007","unstructured":"Hypp\u00f6nen E, Power C: Hypovitaminosis D in British adults at age 45 y: nationwide cohort study of dietary and lifestyle predictors. Am J Clin Nutr. 2007, 85: 860-868.","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"2146_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.09.003","volume":"89","author":"J Moan","year":"2007","unstructured":"Moan J, Porojnicu A, Lagunova Z, Berg JP, Dahlback A: Colon cancer: prognosis for different latitudes, age groups and seasons in Norway. J Photochem Photobiol B. 2007, 89: 148-155. 10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2007.09.003.","journal-title":"J Photochem Photobiol B"},{"key":"2146_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1730","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1730","volume":"167","author":"P Autier","year":"2007","unstructured":"Autier P, Gandini S: Vitamin D supplementation and total mortality: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Arch Intern Med. 2007, 167: 1730-1737. 10.1001\/archinte.167.16.1730.","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"2146_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1515","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.02260409","volume":"4","author":"JN Artaza","year":"2009","unstructured":"Artaza JN, Mehrotra R, Norris KC: Vitamin D and the cardiovascular system. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol. 2009, 4: 1515-1522. 10.2215\/CJN.02260409.","journal-title":"Clin J Am Soc Nephrol"},{"key":"2146_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.5358","volume":"25","author":"W Zhou","year":"2007","unstructured":"Zhou W, Heist RS, Liu G, Asomaning K, Neuberg DS, Hollis BW, Wain JC, Lynch TJ, Giovannucci E, Su L, Christiani DC: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels predict survival in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer patients. J Clin Oncol. 2007, 25: 479-485. 10.1200\/JCO.2006.07.5358.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2146_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3757","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.0725","volume":"27","author":"PJ Goodwin","year":"2009","unstructured":"Goodwin PJ, Ennis M, Pritchard KI, Koo J, Hood N: Prognostic effects of 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels in early breast cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2009, 27: 3757-3763. 10.1200\/JCO.2008.20.0725.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"},{"key":"2146_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1594","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djm204","volume":"99","author":"DM Freedman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Freedman DM, Looker AC, Chang SC, Graubard BI: Prospective study of serum vitamin D and cancer mortality in the United States. J Natl Cancer Inst. 2007, 99: 1594-1602. 10.1093\/jnci\/djm204.","journal-title":"J Natl Cancer Inst"},{"key":"2146_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5596","DOI":"10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.0406","volume":"26","author":"RS Heist","year":"2008","unstructured":"Heist RS, Zhou W, Wang Z, Liu G, Neuberg D, Su L, Asomaning K, Hollis BW, Lynch TJ, Wain JC, Giovannucci E, Christiani DC: Circulating 25-hydroxyvitamin D, VDR polymorphisms, and survival in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer. J Clin Oncol. 2008, 26: 5596-5602. 10.1200\/JCO.2008.18.0406.","journal-title":"J Clin Oncol"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T06:25:09Z","timestamp":1630477509000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2146"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-10-347","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,7,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"17 September 2009","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2010","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 July 2010","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"347"}}