{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T16:47:00Z","timestamp":1790786820486,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]],"date-time":"2011-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1296691200000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Infection plays a role in the pathogenesis of many human malignancies. Whether prostate cancer (PCa) - an important health issue in the aging male population in the Western world - belongs to these conditions has been a matter of research since the 1970 s. Persistent serum antibodies are a proof of present or past infection. The aim of this study was to compare serum antibodies against genitourinary infectious agents between PCa patients and controls with benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH). We hypothesized that elevated serum antibody levels or higher seroprevalence in PCa patients would suggest an association of genitourinary infection in patient history and elevated PCa risk.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A total of 434 males who had undergone open prostate surgery in a single institution were included in the study: 329 PCa patients and 105 controls with BPH. The subjects' serum samples were analysed by means of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, complement fixation test and indirect immunofluorescence for the presence of antibodies against common genitourinary infectious agents: human papillomavirus (HPV) 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33, herpes simplex virus (HSV) 1 and 2, human cytomegalovirus (CMV), Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Treponema pallidum. Antibody seroprevalence and mean serum antibody levels were compared between cases and controls. Tumour grade and stage were correlated with serological findings.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>PCa patients were more likely to harbour antibodies against Ureaplasma urealyticum (odds ratio (OR) 2.06; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.08-4.28). Men with BPH were more often seropositive for HPV 18 and Chlamydia trachomatis (OR 0.23; 95% CI 0.09-0.61 and OR 0.45; 95% CI 0.21-0.99, respectively) and had higher mean serum CMV antibody levels than PCa patients (p = 0.0004). Among PCa patients, antibodies against HPV 6 were associated with a higher Gleason score (p = 0.0305).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Antibody seropositivity against the analyzed pathogens with the exception of Ureaplasma does not seem to be a risk factor for PCa pathogenesis. The presence or higher levels of serum antibodies against the genitourinary pathogens studied were not consistently associated with PCa. Serostatus was not a predictor of disease stage in the studied population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,18]],"date-time":"2011-02-18T02:19:08Z","timestamp":1297995548000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Serum antibodies against genitourinary infectious agents in prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia patients: a case-control study"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Jan","family":"Hrbacek","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michael","family":"Urban","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hamsikova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Tachezy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Vaclav","family":"Eis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marek","family":"Brabec","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiri","family":"Heracek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"reference":[{"key":"2540_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eursup.2008.10.003","volume":"3","author":"M Marberger","year":"2009","unstructured":"Marberger M: Prostate cancer 2008: Challenges in diagnosis and management. Eur Urol Suppl. 2009, 3: 89-96. 10.1016\/j.eursup.2008.10.003.","journal-title":"Eur Urol Suppl"},{"key":"2540_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.3322\/caac.20073","volume":"60","author":"A Jemal","year":"2010","unstructured":"Jemal A, Siegel R, Xu J, Ward E: Cancer Statistics, 2010. CA Cancer J Clin. 2010, 60: 277-300. 10.3322\/caac.20073.","journal-title":"CA Cancer J Clin"},{"key":"2540_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"611","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)58931-4","volume":"116","author":"JT Herbert","year":"1976","unstructured":"Herbert JT, Birkhoff JD, Feorino PM, Caldwell GG: Herpes simplex virus type 2 and cancer of the prostate. J Urol. 1976, 116: 611-612.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)55039-9","volume":"125","author":"LH Baker","year":"1981","unstructured":"Baker LH, Mebust WK, Chin TDY, Chapman AL, Hinthorn D, Towle D: The relationship of herpesvirus to carcinoma of the prostate. J Urol. 1981, 125: 370-374.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"6","key":"2540_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980315)82:6<1118::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"82","author":"HD Strickler","year":"1998","unstructured":"Strickler HD, Burk R, Shah K, Viscidi R, Jackson A, Pizza G, Bertoni F, Schiller JT, Manns A, Metcalf R, Qu W, Goedert JJ: A multifaceted study of human papillomavirus and prostate carcinoma. Cancer. 1998, 82 (6): 1118-1125. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0142(19980315)82:6<1118::AID-CNCR16>3.0.CO;2-9.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"2540_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.283.3.340-a","volume":"3","author":"M Hisada","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hisada M, Rabkin CS, Strickler HD, Wright WE, Christianson RE, van den Berg BJ: Human papillovirus antibody and risk of prostate cancer. JAMA. 2000, 3: 340-341. 10.1001\/jama.283.3.340-a.","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"2540_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-03-0325","volume":"14","author":"T Antilla","year":"2005","unstructured":"Antilla T, Tenkanen L, Lumme S, Leinonen M, Gislefoss RE, Hallmans G, Thoresen S, Hakulinen T, Luostarinen T, Stattin P, Saikku P, Dillner J, Lehtinen M, Hakama M: Chlamydial antibodies and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14 (2): 385-389. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-03-0325.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"12","key":"2540_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2952","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0602","volume":"14","author":"Z Korodi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korodi Z, Dillner J, Jellum E, Lumme S, Hallmans G, Thoresen S, Hakulinen T, Stattin P, Luostarinen T, Lehtinen M, Hakama M: Human papillomavirus 16, 18, and 33 infections and risk of prostate cancer: a Nordic nested case-control study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2005, 14 (12): 2952-2955. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0602.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2540_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-2-6","volume":"2","author":"F Sitas","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sitas F, Urban M, Stein L, Beral V, Ruff P, Hale M, Patel M, O'Connell D, Yu XQ, Verzijden A, Marais D, Williamson AL: The relationship between anti-HPV-16 IgG seropositivity and cancer of the cervix, anogenital organs, oral cavity and pharynx, oesophagus and prostate in a black South African population. Infectious Agents and Cancer. 2007, 2: 6-10.1186\/1750-9378-2-6.","journal-title":"Infectious Agents and Cancer"},{"key":"2540_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(17)56718-X","volume":"121","author":"WG Reiner","year":"1979","unstructured":"Reiner WG, Walsh PC: An anatomical approach to the surgical management of the dorsal vein and Santorini's plexus during radical retropubic surgery. J Urol. 1979, 121: 198-200.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2418","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62202-X","volume":"160","author":"PC Walsh","year":"1998","unstructured":"Walsh PC: Anatomic radical prostatectomy. Evolution of the surgical technique. J Urol. 1998, 160: 2418-2424. 10.1016\/S0022-5347(01)62202-X.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR12","first-page":"229","volume":"13","author":"E Fuller","year":"1895","unstructured":"Fuller E: Six successful and successive cases of prostatectomy. J Cutan Genitourin Dis. 1895, 13: 229-239.","journal-title":"J Cutan Genitourin Dis"},{"key":"2540_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/S0094-0143(21)01056-9","volume":"2","author":"DA Culp","year":"1975","unstructured":"Culp DA: Benign prostatic hyperplasia: early recognition and management. Urol Clin North Am. 1975, 2: 29-48.","journal-title":"Urol Clin North Am"},{"key":"2540_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1016\/S0302-2838(03)00381-6","volume":"44","author":"R Montironi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Montironi R, van der Kwast T, Boccon-Gibod L, Bono AV, Boccon-Gibod L: Handling and patology reporting of radical prostatectomy specimens. Eur Urol. 2003, 44: 626-636. 10.1016\/S0302-2838(03)00381-6.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR15","volume-title":"Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology","author":"J Rosai","year":"2004","unstructured":"Rosai J: Rosai and Ackerman's Surgical Pathology. 2004, Edinburgh: Mosby"},{"key":"2540_CR16","volume-title":"Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (IARC\/World Health Organization Classification of Tumours)","author":"JN Eble","year":"2003","unstructured":"Eble JN, Kauter G, Epstein JI, Sesterhenn I: Pathology and genetics of tumours of the urinary system and male genital organs (IARC\/World Health Organization Classification of Tumours). 2003, Lyon, France: IARC Press"},{"issue":"9","key":"2540_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1097\/01.pas.0000173646.99337.b1","volume":"29","author":"JI Epstein","year":"2005","unstructured":"Epstein JI, Allsbrook WC, Amin MB, Egevad LL: ISUP Grading Committee: The 2005 International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) Consensus conference on Gleason grading of prostatic carcinoma. Am J Surg Pathol. 2005, 29 (9): 1228-1242. 10.1097\/01.pas.0000173646.99337.b1.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"2540_CR18","volume-title":"TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours","author":"LH Sobin","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sobin LH, Wittekind CH: TNM Classification of Malignant Tumours. 2002, Wiley, 6","edition":"6"},{"issue":"7","key":"2540_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.5858\/2006-130-936-UPFTEO","volume":"130","author":"JR Srigley","year":"2006","unstructured":"Srigley JR, Amin MB, Epstein JI, Grignon DJ, Humphrey PH, Renshaw AA, Wheeler TM: Updated protocol for the examination of specimens from patients with carcinomas of the prostate gland. Arch Pathol Lab Med. 2006, 130 (7): 936-946.","journal-title":"Arch Pathol Lab Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"2540_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1007\/s007050050087","volume":"142","author":"E Hamsikova","year":"1997","unstructured":"Hamsikova E, Smahel M, Sapp M, Munoz N, Bosch FX, Shah KV, Vonka V: Correlation between the presence of anti HPV33 VLP antibodies and HPV DNA in cervical neoplasia patients. Arch Virol. 1997, 142 (2): 413-416. 10.1007\/s007050050087.","journal-title":"Arch Virol"},{"key":"2540_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008","volume":"61","author":"E von Elm","year":"2008","unstructured":"von Elm E, Altman DG, Egger M, Pocock SJ, G\u00f8tzsche PC, Vandenbroucke JP: The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies. J Clin Epi. 2008, 61: 344-349. 10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2007.11.008.","journal-title":"J Clin Epi"},{"key":"2540_CR22","volume-title":"Fast facts: Prostate cancer","author":"RS Kirby","year":"2009","unstructured":"Kirby RS, Patel MI: Fast facts: Prostate cancer. 2009, Oxford: Health Press Limited"},{"issue":"10","key":"2540_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"848","DOI":"10.1016\/S0210-4806(99)72383-1","volume":"23","author":"FH Amo","year":"1999","unstructured":"Amo FH, Cordero JMD, Tartajo FV, Hernandez FL, Carrillo AB, Burgos JG, Rios DS: C\u00e1ncer incidental de pr\u00f3stata. Actas Urol Esp. 1999, 23 (10): 848-852.","journal-title":"Actas Urol Esp"},{"key":"2540_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980209)75:4<564::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-9","volume":"75","author":"J Dillner","year":"1998","unstructured":"Dillner J, Knekt P, Boman J, Lehtinen M, Geijersstam VA, Sapp M, Schiller J, Maatela J, Aromaa A: Sero-epidemiological association between human-papillomavirus infection and risk of prostate cancer. Int J Cancer. 1998, 75: 564-567. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19980209)75:4<564::AID-IJC12>3.0.CO;2-9.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"2540_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1086\/430354","volume":"191","author":"Z Korodi","year":"2005","unstructured":"Korodi Z, Wang X, Tedeschi R, Knekt P, Dillner J: No serological evidence of association between prostate cancer and infection with herpes simplex virus type 2 or human herpesvirus type 8: a nested case-control study. J Inf Dis. 2005, 191: 2008-2011. 10.1086\/430354.","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"issue":"9","key":"2540_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2374","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0173","volume":"17","author":"WY Huang","year":"2008","unstructured":"Huang WY, Hayes R, Pfeiffer R, Viscidi RP, Lee FK, Wang YF, Reding D, Whitby D, Papp JR, Rabkin CS: Sexually Transmissible Infections and Prostate Cancer Risk. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008, 17 (9): 2374-2381. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-0173.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"10","key":"2540_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1167","volume":"18","author":"KL Dennis","year":"2009","unstructured":"Dennis KL, Coughlin JA, McKinnon BC, Wells TS, Gaydos CA, Hamsikova E, Gray GC: Sexually transmitted infections and prostate cancer among men in the U.S. Military. Cancer Epidemio Biomarkers Prev. 2009, 18 (10): 2665-2671. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-08-1167.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemio Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"8","key":"2540_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1573","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0134","volume":"16","author":"S Sutcliffe","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sutcliffe S, Giovannucci E, Gaydos CA, Viscidi RP, Jenkins FJ, Zenilman JN, Jacobson LP, De Marzo AM, Willett WC, Platz EA: Serum antibodies against Chlamydia trachomatis, human papillomavirus, and human herpesvirus type 8 in relation to prostate cancer: a prospective study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2007, 16 (8): 1573-1580. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-07-0134.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2540_CR29","first-page":"872","volume":"12","author":"HO Adami","year":"2003","unstructured":"Adami HO, Kuper H, Andersson SO, Bergstr\u00f6m R, Dillner J: Prostate Cancer Risk and Serologic Evidence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection: A Population-based Case-Control Study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003, 12: 872-875.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"2540_CR30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"614","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-1080","volume":"19","author":"S Sutcliffe","year":"2010","unstructured":"Sutcliffe S, Viscidi RP, Till C, Goodman PJ, Hoque AM, Hsing AW, Thompson IM, Zenilman JM, De Marzo AM, Platz EA: Human papillomavirus types 16, 18 and 31 serostatus and prostate cancer risk in the prostate cancer prevention trial. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2010, 19 (2): 614-618. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-09-1080.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"issue":"3","key":"2540_CR31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"718","DOI":"10.1054\/bjoc.1999.0986","volume":"82","author":"RB Hayes","year":"2000","unstructured":"Hayes RB, Pottern LM, Strickler H, Rabkin C, Pope V, Swanson GM, Greenberg RS, Sch\u00f6nberg JB, Liff J, Schwartz AG, Hoover RN, Fraumeni JF: Sexual behaviour, STDs and risks for prostate cancer. Br J Cancer. 2000, 82 (3): 718-725. 10.1054\/bjoc.1999.0986.","journal-title":"Br J Cancer"},{"key":"2540_CR32","first-page":"763","volume":"12","author":"KA Rosenblatt","year":"2003","unstructured":"Rosenblatt KA, Carter JJ, Iwasaki LM, Galloway DA, Stanford JL: Serologic evidence of human papillomavirus 16 and 18 infections and risk of prostate cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2003, 12: 763-768.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"},{"key":"2540_CR33","first-page":"1519","volume":"50","author":"A Ravich","year":"1950","unstructured":"Ravich A, Ravich RA: Prophylaxis of cancer of the prostate, penis, and cervix by circumcision. NY State J Med. 1950, 50: 1519-1520.","journal-title":"NY State J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"2540_CR34","first-page":"506","volume":"37","author":"ML Taylor","year":"2005","unstructured":"Taylor ML, Mainous AG, Wells BJ: Prostate cancer and sexually transmitted diseases: a meta-analysis. Fam Med. 2005, 37 (7): 506-512.","journal-title":"Fam Med"},{"key":"2540_CR35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1396","DOI":"10.1086\/344354","volume":"186","author":"KM Stone","year":"2002","unstructured":"Stone KM, Karem KL, Sternberg MR, Mc Quillan GM, Poon AD, Unger ER, Reeves WC: Seroprevalence of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 Infection in the United States. J Infect Dis. 2002, 186: 1396-1402. 10.1086\/344354.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 10","key":"2540_CR36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"K17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.021","volume":"26","author":"AR Giuliano","year":"2008","unstructured":"Giuliano AR, Tortolero-Luna G, Ferrer E, Burchell AN, de Sanjose S, Kjaer SK, Munoz N, Schiffman M, Bosch FX: Epidemiology of Human Papillomavirus Infection in Men, Cancers otherthan Cervical and Benign Conditions. Vaccine. 2008, 26 (Suppl 10): K17-K28. 10.1016\/j.vaccine.2008.06.021.","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"8","key":"2540_CR37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1095","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.20998","volume":"31","author":"WJ Jeong","year":"2009","unstructured":"Jeong WJ, Park SW, Shin M, Lee YJ, Jeon YK, Jung YH, Hah JH, Kwon TK, Song YS, Kim KH, Sung MW: Presence of HPV type 6 in dysplasia and carcinoma arising from recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. Head Neck. 2009, 31 (8): 1095-1101. 10.1002\/hed.20998.","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"2540_CR38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1750-9378-1-2","volume":"1","author":"AB Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2006","unstructured":"Gonz\u00e1lez AB, Urban MI, Sitas F, Blackburn N, Hale M, Patel M, Ruff P, Sur R, Newton R, Beral V: Antibodies against six human herpesviruses in relation to seven cancers in black South Africans: A case control study. Infectious Agents and Cancer. 2006, 1: 2-[http:\/\/www.infectagentscancer.com\/content\/1\/1\/2]","journal-title":"Infectious Agents and Cancer"},{"key":"2540_CR39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1086\/340041","volume":"185","author":"F Xu","year":"2002","unstructured":"Xu F, Schillinger JA, Sternberg MR, Johnson RE, Lee FK, Nahmias AJ, Markowitz LE: Seroprevalence and Coinfection with Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 and Type 2 in the United States, 1988- 1994. J Infect Dis. 2002, 185: 1019-1024. 10.1086\/340041.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"2540_CR40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S3","DOI":"10.1086\/343739","volume":"186","author":"JS Smith","year":"2002","unstructured":"Smith JS, Robinson NJ: Age-specific prevalence of infection with herpes simplex virus types 2 and 1: a global review. J Infect Dis. 2002, 186 (Suppl 1): S3-28. 10.1086\/343739.","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"2540_CR41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"998","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000080263.46164.97","volume":"170","author":"M Samanta","year":"2003","unstructured":"Samanta M, Harkins L, Klemm K, Britt WJ, Cobbs CS: High prevalence of human cytomegalovirus in prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostatic carcinoma. J Urol. 2003, 170: 998-1002. 10.1097\/01.ju.0000080263.46164.97.","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1086\/508173","volume":"43","author":"SAS Staras","year":"2006","unstructured":"Staras SAS, Dollard SC, Radford KW, Flanders WD, Pass RF, Cannon MJ: Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the United States, 1988-1994. Clin Inf Dis. 2006, 43: 1143-1151. 10.1086\/508173.","journal-title":"Clin Inf Dis"},{"key":"2540_CR43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1007\/s00345-005-0047-x","volume":"24","author":"FME Wagenlehner","year":"2006","unstructured":"Wagenlehner FME, Weidner W, Naber KG: Chlamydial infections in urology. World J Urol. 2006, 24: 4-12. 10.1007\/s00345-005-0047-x.","journal-title":"World J Urol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"2540_CR44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S380","DOI":"10.1086\/513844","volume":"179","author":"WE Stamm","year":"1999","unstructured":"Stamm WE: Chlamydia trachomatis Infections: Progress and Problems. J Inf Dis. 1999, 179 (Suppl 2): S380-383. 10.1086\/513844.","journal-title":"J Inf Dis"},{"key":"2540_CR45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.12.011","volume":"51","author":"G Kramer","year":"2007","unstructured":"Kramer G, Mitteregger D, Marberger M: Is Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) an Immune Inflammatory Disease?. Eur Urol. 2007, 51: 1202-1216. 10.1016\/j.eururo.2006.12.011.","journal-title":"Eur Urol"},{"key":"2540_CR46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1170","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgh317","volume":"26","author":"GS Palapattu","year":"2004","unstructured":"Palapattu GS, Sutcliffe S, Bastian PJ, Platz EA, De Marzo AM, Isaacs WB, Nelson WG: Prostate carcinogenesis and inflammation: Emerging insights. Carcinogenesis. 2004, 26: 1170-1181. 10.1093\/carcin\/bgh317.","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis"},{"key":"2540_CR47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1002\/pros.20358","volume":"66","author":"K Takeyama","year":"2006","unstructured":"Takeyama K, Mitsuzawa H, Shimizu T, Konishi M, Nishitani C, Sano H, Kunishima Y, Matsukawa M, Takahashi S, Shibata K, Tsukamoto T, Kuroki Y: Prostate cell lines secrete IL-8 in response to Mycoplasma hominis through toll-like receptor 2-mediated mechanism. Prostate. 2006, 66: 386-391. 10.1002\/pros.20358.","journal-title":"Prostate"},{"issue":"9","key":"2540_CR48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e6872","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0006872","volume":"4","author":"K Namiki","year":"2009","unstructured":"Namiki K, Goodison S, Porvasnik S, Allan RW, Iczkowski KA, Urbanek C, Reyes L, Sakamoto N, Rosser CJ: Persistent exposure to Mycoplasma induces malignant transformation of human prostate cells. PLoS ONE. 2009, 4 (9): e6872-10.1371\/journal.pone.0006872.","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"11","key":"2540_CR49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2160","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0913","volume":"15","author":"S Sutcliffe","year":"2006","unstructured":"Sutcliffe S, Giovannucci E, De Marzo AM, Leitzmann MF, Willett WC, Platz EA: Gonorrhea, Syphilis, Clinical Prostatitis, and the Risk of Prostate Cancer. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2006, 15 (11): 2160-2166. 10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0913.","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,2]],"date-time":"2021-09-02T16:14:46Z","timestamp":1630599286000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]}},"alternative-id":["2540"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-11-53","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2011,2,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"19 October 2010","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2011","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"3 February 2011","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"53"}}