{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,19]],"date-time":"2025-10-19T20:48:03Z","timestamp":1760906883819},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1152662400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Carcinosarcoma of the colon is a rare histopathological entity with uncertain histogenesis, that shows both epithelial and mesenchymal malignant differentiation. Carcinosarcoma rarely affects the gastrointestinal tract and only few cases are reported in the colon. Herein we describe a carcinosarcoma of the ascending colon, with morphological, ultrastructural and molecular analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Case presentation<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>An 81-year-old man was hospitalised for asthenia, weight loss and iron-deficiency anaemia. The patient underwent colonoscopy and adenocarcinoma was diagnosed by endoscopic biopsy. A right hemicolectomy was performed and, during surgical operation, liver metastases were detected. Histological examination of the surgical specimen revealed areas of both carcinomatous and sarcomatous differentiation, completely separated by fibrous septae. The sarcomatous component exhibited areas of smooth muscle and osteoblastic differentiation, with focal osteoid material deposition. Molecular analysis conducted separately on the epithelial and mesenchymal components revealed the same <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic> gene mutation (R282W in exon 8) and identical polymorphisms in <jats:italic>p53<\/jats:italic> exon 4, in <jats:italic>EGFR<\/jats:italic> exons 20 and 21, and in <jats:italic>c-kit<\/jats:italic> exon 17. Microsatellite markers analysis revealed a common loss of heterozygosis on 18q. Overall, the data are consistent with a common origin of the two tumor components. The patient was treated with 8 cycles of oral capecitabine (1250 mg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> twice a day for 14 days repeated every 28 days) and two years after surgery is alive with liver metastases.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Carcinosarcoma of the colon is a rare tumour with both epithelial and sarcomatous components. Molecular analysis of the current case suggests the histogenesis from a common cell progenitor.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]],"date-time":"2006-07-12T20:48:14Z","timestamp":1152737294000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Carcinosarcoma of the colon: report of a case with morphological, ultrastructural and molecular analysis"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"6","author":[{"given":"Andrea","family":"Ambrosini-Spaltro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Valentina","family":"Vaira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Paola","family":"Braidotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco PL","family":"Rovati","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefano","family":"Ferrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Silvano","family":"Bosari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"537_CR1","first-page":"118","volume":"10","author":"MR Wick","year":"1993","unstructured":"Wick MR, Swanson PE: Carcinosarcomas: current perspectives and an histological review of nosological concepts. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1993, 10: 118-127.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR2","first-page":"176","volume":"10","author":"JC Iezzoni","year":"1993","unstructured":"Iezzoni JC, Mills SE: Sarcomatoid carcinomas (carcinosarcomas) of the gastrointestinal tract: a review. Semin Diagn Pathol. 1993, 10: 176-187.","journal-title":"Semin Diagn Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2696","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043116","volume":"352","author":"C Twelves","year":"2005","unstructured":"Twelves C, Wong A, Nowacki MP, Abt M, Burris H, Carrato A, Cassidy J, Cervantes A, Fagerberg J, Georgoulias V, Husseini F, Jodrell D, Koralewski P, Kroning H, Maroun J, Marschner N, McKendrick J, Pawlicki M, Rosso R, Schuller J, Seitz JF, Stabuc B, Tujakowski J, Van Hazel G, Zaluski J, Scheithauer W: Capecitabine as adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. N Engl J Med. 2005, 352: 2696-704. 10.1056\/NEJMoa043116.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"537_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinimag.2004.09.002","volume":"29","author":"N Kim","year":"2005","unstructured":"Kim N, Luchs JS, Halpern D, Davis E, Donovan V, Weston SR, Katz DS: Radiology-pathology conference: carcinosarcoma of the colon. J Clin Imag. 2005, 29: 259-262. 10.1016\/j.clinimag.2004.09.002.","journal-title":"J Clin Imag"},{"key":"537_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa040938","volume":"350","author":"TJ Lynch","year":"2004","unstructured":"Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, Haserlat SM, Supko JG, Haluska FG, Louis DN, Christiani DC, Settleman J, Haber DA: Activating Mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Underlying Responsiveness of Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer to Gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 2004, 350: 2129-2139. 10.1056\/NEJMoa040938.","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"537_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prp.2005.01.005","volume":"201","author":"S Romagnoli","year":"2005","unstructured":"Romagnoli S, Graziani D, Bramerio M, Gambacorta M, Colombo P, Roncalli M, Coggi G, Bosari S: Immunohistochemical profile and c-kit mutations in gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Pathol Res Pract. 2005, 201: 71-81. 10.1016\/j.prp.2005.01.005.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"537_CR7","first-page":"2846","volume":"53","author":"A Marchetti","year":"1993","unstructured":"Marchetti A, Buttitta F, Merlo G, Diella F, Pellegrini S, Pepe S, Macchiarini P, Chella A, Angeletti CA, Callahan R: p53 alterations in non-small cell lung cancers correlate with metastatic involvement of hilar and mediastinal lymph nodes. Cancer Res. 1993, 53: 2846-2851.","journal-title":"Cancer Res"},{"key":"537_CR8","volume-title":"TNM classification of malignant tumours","year":"2002","unstructured":"Sobin LH, Wittekind Ch, Eds: TNM classification of malignant tumours. 2002, New York: John Wiley & Sons"},{"key":"537_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1126","DOI":"10.1002\/1097-0142(19860901)58:5<1126::AID-CNCR2820580525>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"58","author":"N Weidner","year":"1986","unstructured":"Weidner N, Zekan P: Carcinosarcoma of the colon \u2013 Report of a unique case with light and immuoistochemical studies. Cancer. 1986, 58: 1126-1130. 10.1002\/1097-0142(19860901)58:5<1126::AID-CNCR2820580525>3.0.CO;2-Q.","journal-title":"Cancer"},{"key":"537_CR10","first-page":"457","volume":"15","author":"F Staroz","year":"1995","unstructured":"Staroz F, Botton A, Potet F: Tumeurs malignes du colon a double composante (carcinosarcomes). A propos d'un cas. Ann Pathol. 1995, 15: 457-458.","journal-title":"Ann Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199502000-00010","volume":"19","author":"F Roncaroli","year":"1995","unstructured":"Roncaroli F, Montironi R, Feliciotti F, Losi L, Eusebi V: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the anorectal junction with neuroendocrine and rhabdomyoblastic features. Am J Surg Pathol. 1995, 19: 217-223.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"483","DOI":"10.1016\/S0344-0338(96)80015-X","volume":"192","author":"G Isimbaldi","year":"1996","unstructured":"Isimbaldi G, Sironi M, Assi A: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the colon: report of the second case with immuonohistochemical study. Pathol Res Pract. 1996, 192: 483-487.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"537_CR13","first-page":"62","volume":"89","author":"R Gentile","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gentile R, Castellaneta A: Carcinosarcoma of the colon, one or two tumors?. Pathologica. 1997, 89: 62-68.","journal-title":"Pathologica"},{"key":"537_CR14","first-page":"173","volume":"382","author":"P Bertram","year":"1997","unstructured":"Bertram P, Treutner KH, Lietze L, Schumpelick V: True carcinosarcoma of the colon. Langenbecks Arch Chir. 1997, 382: 173-174.","journal-title":"Langenbecks Arch Chir"},{"key":"537_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.d01-610.x","volume":"30","author":"G Serio","year":"1997","unstructured":"Serio G, Aguzzi A: Spindle and giant cell carcinoma of the colon. Histopathology. 1997, 30: 383-358. 10.1046\/j.1365-2559.1997.d01-610.x.","journal-title":"Histopathology"},{"key":"537_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"765","DOI":"10.1080\/028418698430179","volume":"37","author":"M Shoji","year":"1998","unstructured":"Shoji M, Dobashi Y, Iwabuchi K, Kuwao S, Mikami T, Kameya T: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the descending colon \u2013 A histological, immunoistochemical and ultrastructural analysis. Acta Oncol. 1998, 37: 765-768. 10.1080\/028418698430179.","journal-title":"Acta Oncol"},{"key":"537_CR17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s005350050083","volume":"33","author":"A Nakao","year":"1998","unstructured":"Nakao A, Sakagami K, Uda M, Mitsuoka S, Ito H: Carcinosarcoma of the colon: report of a case and review of the literature. J Gastroenterol. 1998, 33: 276-279. 10.1007\/s005350050083.","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"537_CR18","first-page":"1611","volume":"47","author":"I Takeyoshi","year":"2000","unstructured":"Takeyoshi I, Yoshida M, Ohwada S, Yamada T, Yanagisawa A, Morishita Y: Skin metastasis from the spindle cell component in rectal carcinosarcoma. Hepatogastroenetrology. 2000, 47: 1611-1614.","journal-title":"Hepatogastroenetrology"},{"key":"537_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1005682413793","volume":"46","author":"S Shah","year":"2001","unstructured":"Shah S, Kim DH, Harster G, Hossain A: Carcinosarcoma of the colon and spleen \u2013 A fleshy purple mass on colonoscopy. Dig Dis Sci. 2001, 46: 106-108. 10.1023\/A:1005682413793.","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"537_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"657","DOI":"10.3346\/jkms.2001.16.5.657","volume":"16","author":"JH Kim","year":"2001","unstructured":"Kim JH, Moon WS, Kang MJ, Park MJ, Lee DG: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the colon: a case report. J Korean Med Sci. 2001, 16: 657-660.","journal-title":"J Korean Med Sci"},{"key":"537_CR21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1177\/030089160108700615","volume":"87","author":"D Di Vizio","year":"2001","unstructured":"Di Vizio D, Insabato L, Zafonte BT, Ferrara G, Pettinato G: Sarcomatoid carcinoma of the colon: a case reoport with literature review. Tumori. 2001, 87: 431-435.","journal-title":"Tumori"},{"key":"537_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1007\/s10595-002-2526-8","volume":"33","author":"H Ishida","year":"2003","unstructured":"Ishida H, Ohsawa T, Nakada H, Hashimoto D, Ohkubo T, Adachi A, Itoyama S: Carcinosarcoma of the rectosigmoid colon: report of a case. Surg Today. 2003, 33: 545-549.","journal-title":"Surg Today"},{"key":"537_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1078\/0344-0338-0428","volume":"199","author":"T Aramendi","year":"2003","unstructured":"Aramendi T, Fern\u00e1ndez-Ace\u00f1ero MJ, Villanueva MC: Carcinosarcoma of the colon: report of a rare tumor. Pathol Res Pract. 2003, 199: 345-348. 10.1078\/0344-0338-0428.","journal-title":"Pathol Res Pract"},{"key":"537_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.1016\/S0399-8320(04)95018-X","volume":"28","author":"G Macaigne","year":"2004","unstructured":"Macaigne G, Aouad K, Boivin JF, Bella\u00efche A, Auriault ML, Picard D, Deplus R: Carcinome sarcomato\u00efde du colon: presentation d'un cas et revue de la litt\u00e9rature. Gastroenterol Clin Biol. 2004, 28: 600-604.","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Clin Biol"},{"key":"537_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199911)189:3<338::AID-PATH429>3.0.CO;2-Q","volume":"189","author":"R Torenbeek","year":"1999","unstructured":"Torenbeek R, Hermsen MAJA, Meijer GA, Baak JPA, Meijer CJLM: Analysis by comparative genomic hybridization of epithelial and spindle cell components in sarcomatoid carcinoma and carcinosarcomas: histogenetic aspects. J Pathol. 1999, 189: 338-343. 10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9896(199911)189:3<338::AID-PATH429>3.0.CO;2-Q.","journal-title":"J Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1097\/00000478-199603000-00003","volume":"20","author":"L Thompson","year":"1996","unstructured":"Thompson L, Chang B, Barsky SH: Monoclonal origins of malignant mixed tumors (carcinosarcomas): evidence for a divergent histogenesis. Am J Surg Pathol. 1996, 20: 277-185. 10.1097\/00000478-199603000-00003.","journal-title":"Am J Surg Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970904)72:5<821::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-B","volume":"72","author":"I Gorai","year":"1997","unstructured":"Gorai I, Yanagibashi T, Taki A, Udagawa K, Miyagi E, Nakazawa T, Hirahara F, Nagashima Y, Minaguchi : Uterine carcinosarcoma is derived from a single stem cells: an in vitro study. Int J Cancer. 1997, 72: 821-827. 10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0215(19970904)72:5<821::AID-IJC19>3.0.CO;2-B.","journal-title":"Int J Cancer"},{"key":"537_CR28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1324","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90266-0","volume":"29","author":"H Wada","year":"1998","unstructured":"Wada H, Enomoto T, Tsujimoto M, Nomura T, Murata Y, Shroyer KR: Carcinosarcoma of the breast: molecular-biological study for analysis of histogenesis. Hum Pathol. 1998, 29: 1324-1328. 10.1016\/S0046-8177(98)90266-0.","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"537_CR29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"784","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.2002.31903","volume":"122","author":"B Van Rees","year":"2002","unstructured":"Van Rees B, Rouse R, De Wit M, Van Noesel C, Tytgat G, Lanschot J, Offerhaus G: Molecular evidence for the same clonal origin of both components of an adenosquamous barrett carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 2002, 122: 784-788. 10.1053\/gast.2002.31903.","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"}],"container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,31]],"date-time":"2021-08-31T22:41:10Z","timestamp":1630449670000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmccancer.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"references-count":29,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,12]]}},"alternative-id":["537"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2407-6-185","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2407"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2407","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,7,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"14 February 2006","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2006","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"12 July 2006","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"185"}}