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Nucleotide excision repair (NER), base excision repair (BER), and double-strand break repair (DSBR) are the main DNA repair pathways. We investigated the relationship between polymorphisms in two NER genes,<jats:italic>XPC<\/jats:italic>(poly (AT) insertion\/deletion: PAT-\/+) and<jats:italic>XPD<\/jats:italic>(Asp312Asn and Lys751Gln), the BER gene<jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>(Arg399Gln), and the DSBR gene<jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>(Thr241Met) and the risk of developing lung cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A hospital-based case-control study was designed with 516 lung cancer patients and 533 control subjects, matched on ethnicity, age, and gender. Genotypes were determined by PCR-RFLP and the results were analysed using multivariate unconditional logistic regression, adjusting for age, gender and pack-years.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Borderline association was found for<jats:italic>XPC<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>XPD<\/jats:italic>NER genes polymorphisms, while no association was observed for polymorphisms in BER and DSBR genes.<jats:italic>XPC PAT+\/+<\/jats:italic>genotype was associated with no statistically significant increased risk among ever smokers (OR = 1.40; 95%CI = 0.94\u20132.08), squamous cell carcinoma (OR = 1.44; 95%CI = 0.85\u20132.44), and adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.72; 95%CI = 0.97\u20133.04).<jats:italic>XPD<\/jats:italic>variant genotypes (<jats:italic>312Asn\/Asn<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>751Gln\/Gln<\/jats:italic>) presented a not statistically significant risk of developing lung cancer (OR = 1.52; 95%CI = 0.91\u20132.51; OR = 1.38; 95%CI = 0.85\u20132.25, respectively), especially among ever smokers (OR = 1.58; 95%CI = 0.96\u20132.60), heavy smokers (OR = 2.07; 95%CI = 0.74\u20135.75), and adenocarcinoma (OR = 1.88; 95%CI = 0.97\u20133.63). On the other hand, individuals homozygous for the XRCC1<jats:italic>399Gln<\/jats:italic>allele presented no risk of developing lung cancer (OR = 0.87; 95%CI = 0.57\u20131.31) except for individuals carriers of<jats:italic>399Gln\/Gln<\/jats:italic>genotype and without family history of cancer (OR = 0.57; 95%CI = 0.33\u20130.98) and no association was found between<jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>Thr241Met polymorphism and lung cancer risk (OR = 0.92; 95%CI = 0.56\u20131.50), except for the<jats:italic>241Met\/Met<\/jats:italic>genotype and squamous cell carcinoma risk (OR = 0.47; 95%CI = 0.23\u20131.00).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In conclusion, we analysed the association between<jats:italic>XPC<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>XPD<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic>XRCC1<\/jats:italic>, and<jats:italic>XRCC3<\/jats:italic>polymorphisms and the individual susceptibility to develop lung cancer in the Spanish population, specifically with a highly tobacco exposed population. We attempt to contribute to the discovery of which biomarkers of DNA repair capacity are useful for screening this high-risk population for primary preventing and early detection of lung cancer.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-7-162","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,16]],"date-time":"2007-08-16T18:13:23Z","timestamp":1187288003000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":109,"title":["Polymorphisms in XPC, XPD, XRCC1, and XRCC3 DNA repair genes and lung cancer risk in a population of Northern Spain"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"M","family":"Felicitas L\u00f3pez-Cima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Patricia","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Arriaga","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Garc\u00eda-Castro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Teresa","family":"Pascual","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manuel G","family":"Marr\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xose S","family":"Puente","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adonina","family":"Tard\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2007,8,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"812_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.3322\/canjclin.55.2.74","volume":"55","author":"DM Parkin","year":"2005","unstructured":"Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J, Pisani P: Global cancer statistics, 2002. 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