{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T17:03:45Z","timestamp":1761843825973},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1224806400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Cancer"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2008,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>14-3-3 sigma (\u03c3) promotes G2\/M cell cycle arrest by sequestering cyclin B1-CDC2 complex in cytoplasm. Down-regulation of 14-3-3\u03c3, which has been demonstrated in various carcinomas, may contribute to malignant transformation. However, the exact role of 14-3-3\u03c3 in the pathogenesis of vulvar carcinoma is not fully characterized, and the prognostic impact of 14-3-3\u03c3 protein expression is still unknown.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>We investigated the 14-3-3\u03c3 expression in a series of 302 vulvar squamous cell carcinomas using immunohistochemistry and its associations with clinicopathological factors and clinical outcome.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>In cytoplasm, nucleus and cytoplasm\/nucleus of vulvar carcinomas high 14-3-3\u03c3 protein expression was found in 72%, 59% and 75% of the carcinomas, respectively, and low levels in 28%, 41% and 25% of the cases, respectively. High level of 14-3-3\u03c3 in cytoplasm, nucleus and cytoplasm\/nucleus was significantly correlated to large tumor diameter (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001, respectively) and deep invasion (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.01, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.007, respectively). Variations of 14-3-3\u03c3 protein expression were not associated to disease-specific survival.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Our results indicate that 14-3-3\u03c3 may be involved in the development of a subset of vulvar squamous cell carcinomas by down-regulation of 14-3-3\u03c3 protein. Neither cytoplasmic nor nuclear level of 14-3-3\u03c3 expression was associated with prognosis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2407-8-308","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]],"date-time":"2008-10-24T18:13:37Z","timestamp":1224872017000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["The clinicopathological and prognostic impact of 14-3-3 sigma expression on vulvar squamous cell carcinomas"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Claes G","family":"Trop\u00e8","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zhenhe","family":"Suo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Gunhild","family":"Tr\u00f8en","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Guanrui","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jahn M","family":"Nesland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Holm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2008,10,24]]},"reference":[{"key":"1246_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1016\/S1521-6934(03)00050-6","volume":"17","author":"J Coulter","year":"2003","unstructured":"Coulter J, Gleeson N: Local and regional recurrence of vulval cancer: management dilemmas. 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