{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,17]],"date-time":"2025-06-17T16:46:17Z","timestamp":1750178777046},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,1]],"date-time":"2012-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1354320000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Intraocular pressure (IOP) in the developing eye of a child is not always easy to measure and there is no technique that is known to be the most accurate for the young eye. Measurements are needed on many cohorts of children with different tonometers to determine how the values correlate between instruments, whether corneal parameters affect readings and whether correlations between age and IOP values can be discerned. The aim of this study was to undertake a comparative analysis of three different tonometers on a group of healthy children to see whether differences exist and whether these may be related to central corneal thickness and\/or radius of curvature. In addition, the study adds to the relatively small body of literature on IOP in the growing eye which will collectively allow trends to be identified and ultimately norms to be established.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>IOP was measured on 115 eyes in a group of Polish children, aged between 5\u201317 years (mean \u00b1 standard deviation [SD] 11.3\u2009\u00b1\u20093.0 years) using three different tonometers: non-contact (NCT), the ICare and Goldmann applanation (GAT). Readings obtained were compared between instruments and with central corneal thickness and radius of curvature.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The ICare tonometer provided statistically higher IOP values (16.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.4 mmHg) than the GAT (14.7\u2009\u00b1\u20092.9 mmHg) regardless of corneal thickness and whether or not a correction factor was applied. A correlation was found between central corneal thickness (CCT) and IOP values obtained with all three tonometers but only the IOP values detected with the ICare tonometer showed a statistically significant correlation with radius of curvature (p\u2009&lt;\u20090.004). No correlations with age or gender were found for IOP values measured with any of the instruments.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>IOP measurements on children vary significantly between instruments and correlations are affected by the corneal thickness. Further studies on children are needed to determine which instrument is most appropriate and to derive a normative IOP scale for the growing eye.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,2]],"date-time":"2012-12-02T03:16:03Z","timestamp":1354418163000},"update-policy":"http:\/\/dx.doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Intraocular pressure in a cohort of healthy eastern European schoolchildren: variations in method and corneal thickness"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Patrycja","family":"Krzy\u017canowska-Berkowska","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Magdalena","family":"Asejczyk-Widlicka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Barbara","family":"Pierscionek","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2012,12,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"282_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078002142.x","volume":"78","author":"RH Duckman","year":"2000","unstructured":"Duckman RH: A new induction-based impact method for measuring intraocular pressure. Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica. 2000, 78: 142-145. 10.1034\/j.1600-0420.2000.078002142.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"282_CR2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3928\/0191-3913-19920301-05","volume":"29","author":"S Pensiero","year":"1992","unstructured":"Pensiero S, Da Pozzo S, Perissutti P, Cavallini GM, Guerra R: Normal intraocular pressure in children. J Pediatric Ophthalmol & Strabismus. 1992, 29: 79-84.","journal-title":"J Pediatric Ophthalmol & Strabismus"},{"key":"282_CR3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31802fc6bc","volume":"16","author":"A Sahin","year":"2007","unstructured":"Sahin A, Basmak H, Niyaz L, Yildirim N: Reproducibility and tolerability of the ICare rebound tonometer in school children. J Glaucoma. 2007, 16: 185-188. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31802fc6bc.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31806ab33e","volume":"17","author":"A Sahin","year":"2008","unstructured":"Sahin A, Basmak H, Yildirim N: The influence of central corneal thickness and corneal curvature on intraocular pressure measured by Tono-Pen and rebound tonometer in children. J Glaucoma. 2008, 17: 57-61. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e31806ab33e.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181d1d1ef","volume":"20","author":"A Lundvall","year":"2011","unstructured":"Lundvall A, Svedberg H, Chen E: Application of the ICare rebound tonometer in healthy infants. J Glaucoma. 2011, 20: 7-9. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181d1d1ef.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181d12dc4","volume":"20","author":"M Kageyama","year":"2011","unstructured":"Kageyama M, Hirooka K, Baba T, Shiraga F: Comparison of ICare rebound tonometer with noncontact tonometer in healthy children. J Glaucoma. 2011, 20: 63-66. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181d12dc4.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ijg.0000212208.87523.66","volume":"15","author":"P Brusini","year":"2006","unstructured":"Brusini P, Salvetat ML, Zeppieri M, Tosoni C, Parisi L: Comparison of ICare tonometer with goldmann applanation tonometer in glaucoma patients. J Glaucoma. 2006, 15: 213-217. 10.1097\/01.ijg.0000212208.87523.66.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00610.x","volume":"84","author":"LN Davies","year":"2006","unstructured":"Davies LN, Bartlett H, Mallen EA, Wolffsohn JS: Clinical evaluation of rebound tonometer. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 2006, 84: 206-209. 10.1111\/j.1600-0420.2005.00610.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"282_CR9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.016","volume":"113","author":"JM Martinez-de-la-Casa","year":"2006","unstructured":"Martinez-de-la-Casa JM, Garcia-Feijoo J, Vico E, Fernandez-Vidal A, del Benitez Castillo JM, Wasfi M, Garcia-Sanchez J: Effect of corneal thickness on dynamic contour, rebound, and Goldmann tonometry. Ophthalmology. 2006, 113: 2156-2162. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2006.06.016.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"282_CR10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.035","volume":"142","author":"M Nakamura","year":"2006","unstructured":"Nakamura M, Darhad U, Tatsumi Y, Fujioka M, Kusuhara A, Maeda H, Negi A: Agreement of rebound tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure with three types of applanation tonometers. Am J Ophthamol. 2006, 142: 332-334. 10.1016\/j.ajo.2006.02.035.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthamol"},{"key":"282_CR11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318133fb32","volume":"17","author":"N Pakrou","year":"2008","unstructured":"Pakrou N, Gray T, Mills RA, Landers JA, Craig J: Clinical comparison of the ICare tonometer and Goldmann applanation tonometry. J Glaucoma. 2008, 17: 43-47. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e318133fb32.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00571.x","volume":"28","author":"JB Rehnman","year":"2008","unstructured":"Rehnman JB, Martin L: Comparison of rebound and applanation tonometry in the management of patients treated for glaucoma or ocular hypertension. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 2008, 28: 382-386. 10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2008.00571.x.","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"282_CR13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00318.x","volume":"25","author":"LH Van Der Jagt","year":"2005","unstructured":"Van Der Jagt LH, Jansonius NM: Three portable tonometers, the TGDc-01, the ICare and the Tonopen XL, compared with each other and with Goldmann applanation tonometry. Ophthal Physiol Opt. 2005, 25: 429-435. 10.1111\/j.1475-1313.2005.00318.x.","journal-title":"Ophthal Physiol Opt"},{"key":"282_CR14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1755-3768.1975.tb01135.x","volume":"53","author":"N Ehlers","year":"1975","unstructured":"Ehlers N, Bramsen T, Sperling S: Applanation tonometry and central corneal thickness. Acta Ophthalmol. 1975, 53: 34-43.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.08.024","volume":"53","author":"C Kniestedt","year":"2008","unstructured":"Kniestedt C, Punjabi O, Lin S, Stamper RL: Tonometry through the ages. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008, 53: 568-591. 10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.08.024.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.02.005","volume":"53","author":"E Chihara","year":"2008","unstructured":"Chihara E: Assessment of true intraocular pressure: the gap between theory and practical data. Surv Ophthalmol. 2008, 53: 203-218. 10.1016\/j.survophthal.2008.02.005.","journal-title":"Surv Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR17","first-page":"217","volume":"112","author":"P Krzyzanowska-Berkowska","year":"2010","unstructured":"Krzyzanowska-Berkowska P, Asejczyk-Widlicka M: Clinical evaluation of the ICare tonometer in measuring intraocular pressure. Klin Ocz. 2010, 112: 217-220.","journal-title":"Klin Ocz"},{"key":"282_CR18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"619","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181634f0f","volume":"17","author":"Y Harada","year":"2008","unstructured":"Harada Y, Hirose N, Kubota T, Tawara A: The influence of central corneal thickness and corneal curvature radius on the intraocular pressure as measured by different tonometers: noncontact and goldmann applanation tonometers. J. Glaucoma. 2008, 17: 619-625. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3181634f0f.","journal-title":"J. Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"664","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050360012","volume":"96","author":"M Johnson","year":"1978","unstructured":"Johnson M, Kass MA, Moses RA, Grodzki WJ: Increased cornea thickness simulating elevated intraocular pressure. Arch Ophthalmol. 1978, 96: 664-665. 10.1001\/archopht.1978.03910050360012.","journal-title":"Arch Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"592","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9394(14)71455-2","volume":"115","author":"MM Whitacre","year":"1993","unstructured":"Whitacre MM, Stein RA, Hassanein K: The effect of corneal thickness on applanation tonometry. Am J Ophthalmol. 1993, 115: 592-596.","journal-title":"Am J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR21","first-page":"1389","volume":"43","author":"A Bhan","year":"2002","unstructured":"Bhan A, Browning AC, Shah S, Hamilton R, Dave D, Dua HS: Effect of thickness on intraocular pressure measurements with the pneumotonometer, Goldmann applanation tonometer, and tono-pen. Invest Ophthalmol and Vis Sci. 2002, 43: 1389-1392.","journal-title":"Invest Ophthalmol and Vis Sci"},{"key":"282_CR22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3180640f40","volume":"16","author":"AT Broman","year":"2007","unstructured":"Broman AT, Congdon NG, Bandeen-Roche K, Quigley HA: Influence of corneal structure, corneal responsiveness, and other ocular parameters on tonometric measurement of intraocular pressure. J Glaucoma. 2007, 16: 581-588. 10.1097\/IJG.0b013e3180640f40.","journal-title":"J Glaucoma"},{"key":"282_CR23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760313.x","volume":"76","author":"R Stodtmeister","year":"1998","unstructured":"Stodtmeister R: Applanation tonometry and correction according to corneal thickness. Acta Ophthalmol Scand. 1998, 76: 319-324. 10.1034\/j.1600-0420.1998.760313.x.","journal-title":"Acta Ophthalmol Scand"},{"key":"282_CR24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/bjo.85.1.85","volume":"85","author":"N Feltgen","year":"2001","unstructured":"Feltgen N, Leifert D, Funk J: Correlation between central corneal thickness, applanation tonometry, and direct intracameral IOP readings. Br J Ophthalmol. 2001, 85: 85-87. 10.1136\/bjo.85.1.85.","journal-title":"Br J Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"763","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417-005-1124-y","volume":"243","author":"M Pache","year":"2005","unstructured":"Pache M, Wilmsmeyer S, Lautebach S, Funk J: Dynamic contour tonometry versus Goldmann applanation tonometry: a comparative study. Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol. 2005, 243: 763-767. 10.1007\/s00417-005-1124-y.","journal-title":"Graefe\u2019s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol"},{"key":"282_CR26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.06.020","volume":"111","author":"KW Muir","year":"2004","unstructured":"Muir KW, Jin J, Freedman SF: Central corneal thickness and its relationship to Intraocular pressure in children. Ophthalmology. 2004, 111: 2220-2223. 10.1016\/j.ophtha.2004.06.020.","journal-title":"Ophthalmology"},{"key":"282_CR27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)90837-8","volume":"i","author":"JM Bland","year":"1986","unstructured":"Bland JM, Altman DG: Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986, i: 307-310.","journal-title":"Lancet"}],"container-title":["BMC Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61\/fulltext.html","content-type":"text\/html","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"http:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"},{"URL":"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/content\/pdf\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61.pdf","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T20:49:00Z","timestamp":1630529340000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/bmcophthalmol.biomedcentral.com\/articles\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"references-count":27,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]}},"alternative-id":["282"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2415-12-61","relation":{},"ISSN":["1471-2415"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1471-2415","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"25 April 2012","order":1,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"23 November 2012","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}},{"value":"2 December 2012","order":3,"name":"first_online","label":"First Online","group":{"name":"ArticleHistory","label":"Article History"}}],"article-number":"61"}}