{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,21]],"date-time":"2026-02-21T07:03:38Z","timestamp":1771657418975,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1384473600000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Endophthalmitis is a severe complication of cataract surgery which leads to high ocular morbidity and visual loss even with antibiotic treatment. Bacterial ocular floras are the implicated causative agents. This study was undertaken to evaluate the external ocular surface bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pre-operative cataract patients at Mulago National Hospital.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This cross sectional study enrolled consecutively 131 patients scheduled for routine cataract surgery in the Department of Ophthalmology at Mulago National Hospital in Kampala, Uganda. Eyelid margin and conjunctival swabs were collected and processed using standard microbiological procedures to identify bacterial isolates and their respective antimicrobial susceptibility patterns.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Of 131 patients involved (mean age 63.3\u2009\u00b1\u200914.5\u00a0years), 54.2% (71\/131) were females. The eyelid margin and conjunctival samples were culture positive in 59.5% (78\/138) and 45.8% (60\/138) respectively. The most common organisms identified were Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) [65.9% (91\/138)] and <jats:italic>Staphylococcus aureus<\/jats:italic> [21.0% (29\/138)]. CoNS showed the highest resistance to tetracycline (58.2%, 53\/91) and erythromycin (38.5%, 35\/91), whereas in <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> the resistance to tetracycline and erythromycin were 55.2% (16\/29) and 31.0% (9\/29) respectively. Methicillin resistant CoNS (MRS) and Methicillin resistance <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> (MRSA) were 31.9% (29\/91) and 27.6% (8\/29) respectively. There were low resistance rates for CoNS, <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> and other bacterial isolates to ciprofloxacin (11.1%-24.2%), gentamicin (5.6-31.0%), tobramycin (17.2% -25.3%) and vancomycin (0.0%).<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>CoNS and <jats:italic>S. aureus<\/jats:italic> are the most common bacterial isolates found on the external ocular surface of the pre-operative cataract patients. Ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, tobramycin and vancomycin showed the lowest resistance rates to all bacterial isolates, therefore may be used to reduce bacteria load in the conjunctiva sac among cataract patients prior to surgery.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-13-71","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]],"date-time":"2013-11-15T14:01:28Z","timestamp":1384524088000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["External ocular surface bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns among pre-operative cataract patients at Mulago National Hospital in Kampala, Uganda"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"13","author":[{"given":"Barnabas","family":"Mshangila","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Musana","family":"Paddy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Henry","family":"Kajumbula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charles","family":"Ateenyi-Agaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Binta","family":"Kahwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jeremiah","family":"Seni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2013,11,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"361_CR1","volume-title":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases","year":"2005","unstructured":"Principles and Practice of Infectious Diseases. 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