{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T09:29:52Z","timestamp":1782552592681,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1396224000000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Ophthalmol"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Many efforts have been invested in slowing progression of myopia. Among the methods, atropine administration and orthokeratology (OK) are most widely used. This study analyzed the efficacy of atropine and OK lens in controlling myopia progression and elongation of axial length.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This retrospective study included 105 patients (210 eyes) who wore OK lenses and 105 patients (210 eyes) who applied 0.125% atropine every night during the 3 following period. Student <jats:italic>t<\/jats:italic>-test, linear regression analysis, repeated measure ANOVA, and Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient were used for statistical analysis.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>The change in axial length per year was 0.28\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0mm, 0.30\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u00a0mm, and 0.27\u2009\u00b1\u20090.10\u00a0mm in the OK lens group, and 0.38\u2009\u00b1\u20090.09\u00a0mm, 0.37\u2009\u00b1\u20090.12\u00a0mm, and 0.36\u2009\u00b1\u20090.08\u00a0mm in the atropine group for years 1, 2, and 3, respectively. Linear regression analysis revealed an increase in myopia of 0.28 D and 0.34 D per year, and an increase in axial length of 0.28\u00a0mm and 0.37\u00a0mm per year in the OK lens and atropine groups, respectively. Repeated measure ANOVA showed significant differences in myopia (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.001) and axial length (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) between the atropine and OK lens groups; in astigmatism, there was no significant difference in these parameters (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.320). Comparison of increases in axial length in relation to baseline myopia showed significant correlations both in the OK lens group (Pearson\u2019s correlation coefficient, <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.259; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001) and atropine group (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.169; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.014). High myopia patients benefited more from both OK lenses and atropine than did low myopia patients. The correlation of baseline myopia and myopia progression was stronger in the OK lens group then in the atropine group.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>OK lens is a useful method for controlling myopia progression even in high myopia patients.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2415-14-40","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]],"date-time":"2014-03-31T11:01:55Z","timestamp":1396263715000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":40,"title":["Overnight orthokeratology is comparable with atropine in controlling myopia"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"14","author":[{"given":"Hui-Ju","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lei","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuu-Jen","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yi-Yu","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liuh-An","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alicia Lishin","family":"Tsai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yu-Chuen","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"545_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1001\/archopht.123.4.580-a","volume":"123","author":"A Midelfart","year":"2005","unstructured":"Midelfart A, Midelfart S: Prevalence of refractive errors among adults in Europe. 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