{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T05:55:40Z","timestamp":1790661340324,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Springer Science and Business Media LLC","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1315526400000},"content-version":"unspecified","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/www.springer.com\/tdm"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["link.springer.com"],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["BMC Pediatr"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2011,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>There is evidence that <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> colonization contributes to increasing invasion of candidiasis in hospitalized neonates. Few studies investigated the epidemiology and risk factors of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> colonization among hospitalized and non-hospitalized infants. This prospective study investigated the major epidemiological characteristics of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species colonizing oral and rectal sites of Jordanian infants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>Infants aged one year or less who were examined at the pediatrics outpatient clinic or hospitalized at the Jordan University Hospital, Amman, Jordan, were included in this study. Culture swabs were collected from oral and rectal sites and inoculated on Sabouraud dextrose agar. All <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates were confirmed by the Remel RapID yeast plus system, and further investigated for specific virulence factors and antifungal susceptibility MIC using E-test. Genotyping of <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> isolates was determined using random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis method.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>A total of 61\/492 (12.4%) infants were colonized with <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species by either their oral\/rectal sites or both. Rectal colonization was significantly more detected than oral colonization (64.6% verses 35.4%), particularly among hospitalized infants aged more than one month. The pattern and rates of colonization were as follows: <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> was the commonest species isolated from both sites and accounted for 67.1% of all isolates, followed by <jats:italic>C.kefyr<\/jats:italic> (11.4%), each <jats:italic>C. tropicalis<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>C. glabrata<\/jats:italic> (8.9%) and <jats:italic>C. parapsilosis<\/jats:italic> (3.8%).<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>A various rates of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates proved to secrete putative virulence factors <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>; asparatyl proteinase, phospholipase and hemolysin. <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> were associated significantly (P &lt; 0.05) with these enzymes than other <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species. All <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> isolates were susceptible to amphotericin B and caspofungin, whereas 97% of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> species isolates were susceptible to fluconazole using E-test.<\/jats:p>\n            <jats:p>The genetic similarity of 53 <jats:italic>C. albicans<\/jats:italic> isolates as demonstrated by dendrogram revealed the presence of 29 genotypes, and of these one genotype accounted for 22% of the isolates.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>\n          <jats:sec>\n            <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n            <jats:p>This study presents important epidemiological features of <jats:italic>Candida<\/jats:italic> colonization of Jordanian infants.<\/jats:p>\n          <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2431-11-79","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]],"date-time":"2011-09-09T16:02:05Z","timestamp":1315584125000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/springer_crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":23,"title":["Epidemiological characteristics of Candida species colonizing oral and rectal sites of Jordanian infants"],"prefix":"10.1186","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Shireen Y","family":"Issa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eman F","family":"Badran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamal F","family":"Akl","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asem A","family":"Shehabi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"297","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2011,9,9]]},"reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"493_CR1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"431","DOI":"10.1590\/S0037-86822009000400014","volume":"42","author":"RM Borges","year":"2009","unstructured":"Borges RM, Soares LR, de Brito CS, de Brito DV, Abdallah VO, Filho PP: Risk factors associated with colonization by Candida spp in neonates hospitalized in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Brazil. 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